高岭土对畜禽废水中磷的净化效果及其费效分析
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摘要
以高岭土为材料制备不同改性产品,用来吸附净化畜禽废水中的磷,并通过静态吸附和动态柱吸附试验分析其吸附净化磷的费用和效益。结果发现,不同改性处理均能提高高岭土对磷的吸附性能,但不同改性方法的效果仍存在一定的差异。针对盐酸改性,随着酸用量的增加,改性后高岭土对磷的吸附能力呈逐渐增加趋势。针对加热处理,当煅烧温度低于500℃时,高岭土对磷的吸附容量随着温度的升高逐渐增加,可提高3倍左右;而煅烧温度为500～600℃时,吸附量随着温度的升高基本保持不变,之后反而呈下降趋势。层状双氢氧化物改性高岭土对磷的吸附量也显著高于天然高岭土,且高于500℃热改性高岭土。但综合考虑改性成本、残留磷溶液浓度、吸附量、去除率等条件,在处理ρ(磷)为20 mg·L~(-1)的畜禽废水时,500℃热改性高岭土对磷吸附净化的效益比最高,约为1 421 mg·元~(-1)。
Theability and purification efficiency of different modified kaolins for phosphate adsorption in livestock and poultry wastewater were detected. Batch adsorption experiment and dynamic column adsorption experiment were used to evaluate the cost-benefit of kaolin used in the purification of phosphate-containing livestock and poultry wastewater. The results show that different modification treatments could significantly improve the adsorption performance of kaolin on phosphate,but there are some differences between the different modification methods. For hydrochloric acid modification,with the increase of acid dosage,the adsorption capacity of modified kaolin to phosphate has gradually increased.When the heating temperature was lower than 500 ℃,the adsorption performance of kaolin increased gradually with the temperature,and could be increased by about 3 times. When the calcination temperature was 500 ～ 600 ℃,the adsorption capacity kept no change with the increase of temperature,then when the temperature was higher than 600 ℃,it showed a downward trend. The saturation adsorption of phosphate on layered double hydroxide-modified kaolin is significantly higher than that of 500 ℃ thermally modified kaolin. However,on comprehensive consideration of modification cost,residual solution concentration,adsorption capacity,removal rate and other purification effects,in the treatment of20 mg·L~(-1) phosphate-containing livestock and poultry wastewater or so,adsorption performance of 500 ℃ thermally modified kaolin is the best,and the cost is lowest and the cost-benefit ratio is the highest,which is about 1421 mg P·yuan~(-1).
Theability and purification efficiency of different modified kaolins for phosphate adsorption in livestock and poultry wastewater were detected. Batch adsorption experiment and dynamic column adsorption experiment were used to evaluate the cost-benefit of kaolin used in the purification of phosphate-containing livestock and poultry wastewater. The results show that different modification treatments could significantly improve the adsorption performance of kaolin on phosphate,but there are some differences between the different modification methods. For hydrochloric acid modification,with the increase of acid dosage,the adsorption capacity of modified kaolin to phosphate has gradually increased.When the heating temperature was lower than 500 ℃,the adsorption performance of kaolin increased gradually with the temperature,and could be increased by about 3 times. When the calcination temperature was 500 ～ 600 ℃,the adsorption capacity kept no change with the increase of temperature,then when the temperature was higher than 600 ℃,it showed a downward trend. The saturation adsorption of phosphate on layered double hydroxide-modified kaolin is significantly higher than that of 500 ℃ thermally modified kaolin. However,on comprehensive consideration of modification cost,residual solution concentration,adsorption capacity,removal rate and other purification effects,in the treatment of20 mg·L~(-1) phosphate-containing livestock and poultry wastewater or so,adsorption performance of 500 ℃ thermally modified kaolin is the best,and the cost is lowest and the cost-benefit ratio is the highest,which is about 1421 mg P·yuan~(-1).
引文
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[10]刘秀梅,张夫道,张树清,等.纳米级高岭土对氮、磷、钾和有机碳的吸附及解吸特性的研究[J].中国农业科学,2005,38(1):102-109.[LIU Xiu-mei, ZHANG Fu-dao, ZHANG Shu-qing,et al. Study on Adsorption and Desorption Properties of Nano-Kaoline to Nitrogen,Phosphorus,Potash and Organic Carbon[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2005, 38(1):102-109.]
[11]干方群,周健民,王火焰,等.不同粘土矿物对磷污染水体的吸附净化性能比较[J].生态环境,2008,17(3):914-918.[GAN Fang-qun,ZHOU Jian-min,WANG Huo-yan,et al.Phosphate Adsorption Capacities of Different Clay Minerals in Phosphate-Contaminated Water[J]. Ecology and Environment,2008,17(3):914-918.]
[12] GAN F Q,LUO Y F,HANG X S,et al. Heterocoagulated Clay-Derived Adsorbents for Phosphate Decontamination From Aqueous Solution[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2016,166:23-30.
[13]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000:22-58.
[14] GAN F Q,ZHOU J M,WANG H Y,et al. Phosphate Adsorption on Granular Palygorskite:Batch and Column Studies[J].Water Environment Research,2011,83(2);147-153.
[15]中国产业信息网. 2017年我国高岭土产销态势及价格走势分析(图)[EB/OL].(2017-09-01)[2018-04-10]. https://www.chyxx. com/industry/201709/556697. html.
[16] GB 18596—2001,畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准[S].[GB18596-2001,Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Livestock and Poultry Breeding[S].]
[17]翟由涛,杭小帅,干方群.改性高岭土对废水中磷的吸附性能及机理研究[J].土壤,2012,44(1):55-61.[ZHAI You-tao,HANG Xiao-shuai,GAN Fang-qun. Phosphorus Adsorption Capacities and Mechanisms of Different Modified Kaolin in Wastewater[J]. Soils,2012,44(1):55-61.]
[18]魏存弟,杨殿范,李益,等.煅烧温度对高岭石相转变过程及Si、Al活性的影响[J].矿物学报,2005,25(3):197-202.[WEI Cun-di,YANG Dian-fan,LI Yi,et al. Influence of Temperature on Phase Transformation of Calcined Kaolinite and Si,Al Activity[J]. Acta Mineralogica Sinica,2005,25(3):197-202.]
[19] TANADA S,KABAYAMA M,KAWASKI N,et al. Removal of Phosphate by Aluminum Oxide Hydroxide[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2003,257(1):135-140.
[2]张燕,刘雪兰,王月明,等.中国规模化畜禽养殖污水处理中人工湿地的研究进展[J].环境科学与技术,2016,39(1):87-92.[ZHANG Yan,LIU Xue-lan,WANG Yue-ming,et al.Research Progress of Constructed Wetland Treating Intensive Livestock and Poultry Wastewater in China[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2016,39(1):87-92.]
[3]庄犁,周慧平,张龙江.我国畜禽养殖业产排污系数研究进展[J].生态与农村环境学报,2015,31(5):633-639.[ZHUANG Li,ZHOU Hui-ping,ZHANG Long-jiang. Advancement in Research on Pollutants Producing and Discharging Coefficients of Livestock and Poultry Breeding Industry in China[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2015,31(5):633-639.]
[4]李荣刚,夏源陵,吴安之,等.江苏太湖地区水污染及其向水体的排放量[J].湖泊科学,2002,12(2):147-153.[LI Rong-gang,XIA Yuan-ling,WU An-zhi,et al. Pollutants Sources and Their Discharging Amount in Taihu Lake Area of Jiangsu Province[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences, 2002, 12(2):147-153.]
[5] LIU C J,LI Y Z,LUAN Z K,et al. Adsorption Removal of Phosphate From Aqueous Solution by Active Red Mud[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences,2007,19(10):1166-1170.
[6]许冀泉,方邺森.粘土矿物的分类和名称[J].硅酸盐通报,1982(3):1-8,14.
[7]李红阳,牛树银,王宝德.矿物材料与环境污染治理:以黏土矿物和沸石为例[J].北京地质,2001,13(4):8-12.[LI Hong-yang,NIU Shu-yin,WANG Bao-de. Mineral Material and Its Applications to Environmental Pollution Disposal:The Case of Clay Minerals and Zeolite[J]. Beijing Geology,2001,13(4):8-12.]
[8]吴大清,刁桂仪,彭金莲.高岭石等粘土矿物对五氯苯酚的吸附及其与矿物表面化合态关系[J].地球化学,2003,32(5):501-505.[WU Da-qing,DIAO Gui-yi,PENG Jin-lian.Adsorption of Pentachlorophenol Onto Clay Minerals and Relationship With Their Surface Speciation[J]. Geochimica,2003,32(5):501-505.]
[9]袁东海,高士祥,景丽洁,等.几种粘土矿物和粘土对溶液中磷的吸附效果[J].农村生态环境,2004,20(4):60-63,72.[YUAN Dong-hai,GAO Shi-xiang,JING Li-jie,et al. Phosphorus Adsorption of Some Clay Minerals and Soils[J]. Rural Eco-Environment,2004,20(4):60-63,72.]
[10]刘秀梅,张夫道,张树清,等.纳米级高岭土对氮、磷、钾和有机碳的吸附及解吸特性的研究[J].中国农业科学,2005,38(1):102-109.[LIU Xiu-mei, ZHANG Fu-dao, ZHANG Shu-qing,et al. Study on Adsorption and Desorption Properties of Nano-Kaoline to Nitrogen,Phosphorus,Potash and Organic Carbon[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2005, 38(1):102-109.]
[11]干方群,周健民,王火焰,等.不同粘土矿物对磷污染水体的吸附净化性能比较[J].生态环境,2008,17(3):914-918.[GAN Fang-qun,ZHOU Jian-min,WANG Huo-yan,et al.Phosphate Adsorption Capacities of Different Clay Minerals in Phosphate-Contaminated Water[J]. Ecology and Environment,2008,17(3):914-918.]
[12] GAN F Q,LUO Y F,HANG X S,et al. Heterocoagulated Clay-Derived Adsorbents for Phosphate Decontamination From Aqueous Solution[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2016,166:23-30.
[13]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000:22-58.
[14] GAN F Q,ZHOU J M,WANG H Y,et al. Phosphate Adsorption on Granular Palygorskite:Batch and Column Studies[J].Water Environment Research,2011,83(2);147-153.
[15]中国产业信息网. 2017年我国高岭土产销态势及价格走势分析(图)[EB/OL].(2017-09-01)[2018-04-10]. https://www.chyxx. com/industry/201709/556697. html.
[16] GB 18596—2001,畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准[S].[GB18596-2001,Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Livestock and Poultry Breeding[S].]
[17]翟由涛,杭小帅,干方群.改性高岭土对废水中磷的吸附性能及机理研究[J].土壤,2012,44(1):55-61.[ZHAI You-tao,HANG Xiao-shuai,GAN Fang-qun. Phosphorus Adsorption Capacities and Mechanisms of Different Modified Kaolin in Wastewater[J]. Soils,2012,44(1):55-61.]
[18]魏存弟,杨殿范,李益,等.煅烧温度对高岭石相转变过程及Si、Al活性的影响[J].矿物学报,2005,25(3):197-202.[WEI Cun-di,YANG Dian-fan,LI Yi,et al. Influence of Temperature on Phase Transformation of Calcined Kaolinite and Si,Al Activity[J]. Acta Mineralogica Sinica,2005,25(3):197-202.]
[19] TANADA S,KABAYAMA M,KAWASKI N,et al. Removal of Phosphate by Aluminum Oxide Hydroxide[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2003,257(1):135-140.