平凉崆峒区黄土沟谷系统形态特征
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摘要
针对黄土地区沟谷系统在形态特征及形成机理上的差异性与相似性,以平凉市崆峒区黄土沟谷系统为研究对象,以高精度数字高程模型为数据源,结合现场勘查及遥感影像,运用Strahler方法进行沟谷系统分级,研究沟谷系统的形态特征、提取沟谷系统的总体形态及主沟和沟头的形态特征参数,探讨沟谷系统的形态发育规律.结果表明:区内沟谷系统支沟发育,泾河南北两岸的沟谷走向近于一致,多倾向于NE方向;沟谷系统整体形态具有平行性、等间距性、对称性及发育到塬面偏转的趋向性等特征;主沟呈叶脉状发育,后期一般会发育多个沟头,沟头形态有上凸下凹状和圈椅状,不同的沟头形态反映了沟谷发育的活跃程度.研究成果为黄土地区的沟谷成因和空间分布特征以及沟谷系统的防灾减灾研究奠定了基础.
In view of the difference and similarity in the morphological characteristics and formation mechanism of the loess gully system, the loess gully system of the Kongdong area of Pingliang was taken as the research object, based on high precision digital elevation model data sources combined with the on-site investigation and remote sensing images, the Strahler classification method for gully system was used to study the morphological characteristics of the gully system, extracting the shape characteristic parameters about the overall form of the gully system and the main ditch and gully head to discuss the morphological principles of valley system. The result showed that branch development in study area was inclined to NE direction on both sides of the Jing River. Some characteristics were found about the parallelism, equal distance and same trend of the whole gully system's morphology. The main ditch developed like veins and had a multiple gully head and there were two gully head shapes,one in a convex concave shape and the other like a round-backed armchair, different head shapes reflected the valleys system's development activity. The research has laid a foundation for the research of valley formation causes, spatial distribution characteristics and disaster prevention and mitigation in a loess area.
In view of the difference and similarity in the morphological characteristics and formation mechanism of the loess gully system, the loess gully system of the Kongdong area of Pingliang was taken as the research object, based on high precision digital elevation model data sources combined with the on-site investigation and remote sensing images, the Strahler classification method for gully system was used to study the morphological characteristics of the gully system, extracting the shape characteristic parameters about the overall form of the gully system and the main ditch and gully head to discuss the morphological principles of valley system. The result showed that branch development in study area was inclined to NE direction on both sides of the Jing River. Some characteristics were found about the parallelism, equal distance and same trend of the whole gully system's morphology. The main ditch developed like veins and had a multiple gully head and there were two gully head shapes,one in a convex concave shape and the other like a round-backed armchair, different head shapes reflected the valleys system's development activity. The research has laid a foundation for the research of valley formation causes, spatial distribution characteristics and disaster prevention and mitigation in a loess area.
引文
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[2]陈浩,Tsui Y,蔡强国,等.沟道流域坡面与沟谷侵蚀演化关系:以晋西王家沟小流域为例[J].地理研究,2004,23(3):329-338.
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[14]罗泽华,黄吕卫,刘高,等.基于因子敏感性的灰色关联度及其在斜坡稳定性预测中的应用[J].兰州大学学报:自然科学版,2016,52(4):429-433.
[15]郭鹏,孟兴民,薛亚婷,等.汶川地震对白龙江流域地质灾害的影响:以武都区构林坪为例[J].兰州大学学报:自然科学版,2015,51(3):313-318.
[16]张少文,王文圣,丁晶,等.分形理论在水文水资源中的应用[J].水科学进展,2005,16(1):141-146.
[17]苟娇娇,王飞,罗明良,等.基于DEM的黄土高原沟谷节点分形特征研究[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(3):109-114.
[18]谢轶群,朱红春,汤国安.基于DEM的沟谷特征点提取与分析[J].地球信息科学学报,2013,15(1):61-67.
[19]易红伟,汤国安,刘咏梅,等.河网径流节点及其基于DEM的自动提取[J].水土保持学报,2003,17(3):108-111.
[20]姜莉莉,齐清文,张岸.河流自动选取中的分级优化[J].武汉大学学报:信息科学版,2015,40(6):841-846.
[21]肖晨超.基于DEM的黄土地貌沟沿线特征研究[D].南京:南京师范大学地理科学学院,2007.
[22]杨丹,熊东红,翟娟.元谋干热河谷冲沟形态特征及其成因[J].中国水土保持科学,2012,10(1):38-42.
[23]刘辉,邓青春,张斌,等.元谋干热河谷区冲沟沟头沟沿线的分形特征[J].干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(12):151-154.
[24]Huang C C,Ren Z.Fluvial erosion and the formation of gully systems over the Chinese loess plateau[J].WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development,2006,2(2):141-145.
[25]景可.黄土高原沟谷侵蚀研究[J].地理科学,1986,6(11):340-347.
[2]陈浩,Tsui Y,蔡强国,等.沟道流域坡面与沟谷侵蚀演化关系:以晋西王家沟小流域为例[J].地理研究,2004,23(3):329-338.
[3]陆中臣,贾绍凤,黄克新,等.流域地貌系统[M].大连:大连出版社,1991:42-63.
[4]祝士杰,汤国安,李发源,等.基于DEM的黄土高原面积高程积分研究[J].地理学报,2013,68(7):921-932.
[5]仝迟鸣,周成虎,程维明,等.基于DEM的黄土塬形态特征分析及发育阶段划分[J].地理科学进展,2014,33(2):42-49.
[6]王鲁男,晏鄂川,李兴明,等.沟谷空间特征与斜坡灾害发育关联性分析[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2015,26(2):97-102.
[7]Fac B J.Fractal structure of the lashubian hydrographic system[J].Journal of Hydrology,2013,488:48-54.
[8]Bhatt S,Ahmed S A.Morphometric analysis to determine floods in the upper Krishna Basin using Cartosat DEM[J].Geocarto International,2014,29(8):878-894.
[9]Poreh D.Active tectonics,river profile and fractal analysis in Zagros Iran Himalayan[J].Geology,2010,31(2):83-95.
[10]蒋忠信.冰雪融水沟谷纵剖面的形态与演化模式[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2003,14(4):19-25.
[11]Harbor J.Development of glacia 12 valley cross sections under conditions of spatially variable resistance to erosion[J].Geomorphology,1995,14:99-107.
[12]Augustinus P C.Glacial valley cross-profile development:the influence of in situ rock stress and rock mass strength,with example from Southern Alps,New Zealand[J].Geomorphology,1995,11:87-97.
[13]何钢,蔡运龙.不同比例尺下中国水系分维数关系研究[J].地理科学,2006,26(4):4461-4465.
[14]罗泽华,黄吕卫,刘高,等.基于因子敏感性的灰色关联度及其在斜坡稳定性预测中的应用[J].兰州大学学报:自然科学版,2016,52(4):429-433.
[15]郭鹏,孟兴民,薛亚婷,等.汶川地震对白龙江流域地质灾害的影响:以武都区构林坪为例[J].兰州大学学报:自然科学版,2015,51(3):313-318.
[16]张少文,王文圣,丁晶,等.分形理论在水文水资源中的应用[J].水科学进展,2005,16(1):141-146.
[17]苟娇娇,王飞,罗明良,等.基于DEM的黄土高原沟谷节点分形特征研究[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(3):109-114.
[18]谢轶群,朱红春,汤国安.基于DEM的沟谷特征点提取与分析[J].地球信息科学学报,2013,15(1):61-67.
[19]易红伟,汤国安,刘咏梅,等.河网径流节点及其基于DEM的自动提取[J].水土保持学报,2003,17(3):108-111.
[20]姜莉莉,齐清文,张岸.河流自动选取中的分级优化[J].武汉大学学报:信息科学版,2015,40(6):841-846.
[21]肖晨超.基于DEM的黄土地貌沟沿线特征研究[D].南京:南京师范大学地理科学学院,2007.
[22]杨丹,熊东红,翟娟.元谋干热河谷冲沟形态特征及其成因[J].中国水土保持科学,2012,10(1):38-42.
[23]刘辉,邓青春,张斌,等.元谋干热河谷区冲沟沟头沟沿线的分形特征[J].干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(12):151-154.
[24]Huang C C,Ren Z.Fluvial erosion and the formation of gully systems over the Chinese loess plateau[J].WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development,2006,2(2):141-145.
[25]景可.黄土高原沟谷侵蚀研究[J].地理科学,1986,6(11):340-347.