元谋干热河谷冲沟长度与汇水面积的关系
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摘要
为了研究元谋干热河谷冲沟长度与汇水面积的关系,利用ArcGIS软件将等高线生成数字高程模型(DEM),再提取冲沟系统及其流域边界,计算冲沟长度与汇水面积,并以龙川江为界将研究区分成东西两区,比较在不同地形条件下冲沟长度与汇水面积的关系。结果表明:元谋冲沟受降雨量、地形等影响,长度主要在小于2 km的范围内;汇水面积大部分小于1 km2。随着冲沟长度的变化汇水面积也相应的变化,两者基本成正相关;冲沟长度与汇水面积的比值多分布在1~3.0范围内。本研究不仅揭示了干热河谷区沟谷系统的地貌学特征,也为农业生产与工程建设等提供了科学依据。
In order to analyze the relationship between length and catchment area of gullies in the Yuanmou dry-hot valley,digital elevation model(DEM) was generated from contour data by ArcGIS software,extracted gullies network and valley boundary were extracted to calculate the length and catchment area of gullies.The research area was divided into two parts:east area and west area to compare the relationship between length and catchment area of gullies under different terrain.The results showed that gullies in the Yuanmou dry-hot valley were influenced by rainfall and terrain etc.,the length of these gullies was less than 2 km,and the mainly catchment area was less than 1 km2.The length of gullies was positively correlated with catchment area,catchment area had corresponding change with the change of gullies length.The rate of length and catchment area of gullies mainly distributed in 1 ~ 3.0.This study not only revealed the terrain characteristics of dry-hot valley,but also provided scientific evidence to the agricultural production and project building.
In order to analyze the relationship between length and catchment area of gullies in the Yuanmou dry-hot valley,digital elevation model(DEM) was generated from contour data by ArcGIS software,extracted gullies network and valley boundary were extracted to calculate the length and catchment area of gullies.The research area was divided into two parts:east area and west area to compare the relationship between length and catchment area of gullies under different terrain.The results showed that gullies in the Yuanmou dry-hot valley were influenced by rainfall and terrain etc.,the length of these gullies was less than 2 km,and the mainly catchment area was less than 1 km2.The length of gullies was positively correlated with catchment area,catchment area had corresponding change with the change of gullies length.The rate of length and catchment area of gullies mainly distributed in 1 ~ 3.0.This study not only revealed the terrain characteristics of dry-hot valley,but also provided scientific evidence to the agricultural production and project building.
引文
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[3]左其亭,王中根,现代水文学[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社.2006:4.
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[17]Morris D G,Heerdegen R G.Automatically derived drainage boundaries and channel networks and their hydrological applications[J].Geomorphology,1988,1(2):131-141.
[18]张科利,唐克丽,王斌科.黄土高原坡面浅沟侵蚀特征值的研究[J].水土保持学报,1991(02):8-13.
[19]胡刚,伍永秋,刘宝元,等.东北漫岗黑土区浅沟侵蚀发育特征[J].地理科学,2009,29(4):545-549.
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[21]姜永清,邵民安,李占斌,等.黄土高原流域水系的HORTON级比数和分形特性[J].山地学报,2002,20(2):206-211.
[22]张永光,伍永秋,刘洪鹄,等.东北漫岗黑土区地形因子对浅沟侵蚀的影响分析[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(1):35-38,49.
[23]Graf W L.The rate law in fluvial geomorphology[J].American Journal of Science,1977,277(2):178-191.
[24]杨丹,熊东红,翟娟,等.元谋干热河谷冲沟形态特征及其成因[J].中国水土保持科学,2012,10(1):38-45.
[25]张斌,史凯,刘春琼,等.元谋干热河谷近50年分季节降水变化的DFA分析[J].地理科学,2009,29(4):561-566.
[26]熊东红,杨丹,翟娟,等.元谋干热河谷冲沟沟头径流水动力学特性及产沙效应初探[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(6):52-56,62.
[27]何福红,李勇,李璐,等.基于GPS与GIS技术的长江上游山地冲沟的分布特征研究[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(6):19-22.
[28]邓青春,张斌,罗君,等.元谋干热河谷潜蚀地貌的类型及形成条件[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(8):138-144.
[29]柴宗新,范建容,刘淑珍.金沙江下游元谋盆地冲沟发育特征和过程分析[J].地理科学,2001,21(4):339-343.
[30]Vandekerckhove L,et al.Topographical thresholds for ephemeral gully initiation in intensively cultivated areas of the Mediterranean[J].Catena,1998,33(3):271-292.
[31]Knape A,Poesen J.Soil erosion resistance effects on rill and gully initiation points and dimensions[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2010,35(2):217-228.
[2]Shreve,Ronald L.Variation of mainstream length with basin area in river networks[J].Water Resources Research,1974,10(6):1167-1177.
[3]左其亭,王中根,现代水文学[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社.2006:4.
[4]Smart J S.Statistical properties of stream lengths.Water Resources Research[J],1968,4(5):1001-1014.
[5]Mesa O J,Gupta V K.On the main channel length‐area relationship for channel networks.Water Resources Research[J],1987,23(11):2119-2122.
[6]李俊才,胡卸文.金沙江向家坝库区泥石流发育状况及其沟谷形态的非线性特征[J].山地学报,2001,19(1):29-32.
[7]Gábris,G.,á.Kertész,,L.Zámbó.Land use change and gully formation over the last 200 years in a hilly drainage[J].Catena,2003,50(2):151-164.
[8]Nachtergaele J,et al.The value of a physically based model versus an empirical approach in the prediction of ephemeral gully erosion for loess-derived soils[J].Geomorphology,2001,40(3):237-252.
[9]Nachtergaele J,et al.Testing the ephemeral gully erosion model(EGEM)for two Mediterranean environments[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2001,26(1):17-30.
[10]Rauws G.The initiation of rills on plane beds of noncohesive sediments[J].Catena Supplement,1987(8):107-118.
[11]Rauws G,Covers G.Hydraulic and soil mechanical aspects of rill generation on agricultural soils[J].Journal of Soil Science,1988,39(1):111-124.
[12]Leopold L B,Wolman M G,Miller J P.Fluvial processes in geomorphology[J].2012:Courier Dover Publications.
[13]Strahler A N.Quantitative analysis of watershed geomorphology[J].Civ.Eng,1957,101:1258-1262.
[14]祝士杰,基于DEM的黄土高原流域面积高程积分谱系研究[D].南京,南京师范大学,2013.
[15]刘丽芳,刘昌明,王中根,等.流域面积和降水量对中小流域水文效果影响分析[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2013,49(2):157-163.
[16]Rosso R,Bacchi B,La Barbera P.Fractal relation of mainstream length to drainage area in river networks[J].Water Resources Research,1991,27(3):381-387.
[17]Morris D G,Heerdegen R G.Automatically derived drainage boundaries and channel networks and their hydrological applications[J].Geomorphology,1988,1(2):131-141.
[18]张科利,唐克丽,王斌科.黄土高原坡面浅沟侵蚀特征值的研究[J].水土保持学报,1991(02):8-13.
[19]胡刚,伍永秋,刘宝元,等.东北漫岗黑土区浅沟侵蚀发育特征[J].地理科学,2009,29(4):545-549.
[20]Nachtergaele J,et al.Medium-term evolution of a gully developed in a loess-derived soil[J].Geomorphology,2002,46(3):223-239.
[21]姜永清,邵民安,李占斌,等.黄土高原流域水系的HORTON级比数和分形特性[J].山地学报,2002,20(2):206-211.
[22]张永光,伍永秋,刘洪鹄,等.东北漫岗黑土区地形因子对浅沟侵蚀的影响分析[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(1):35-38,49.
[23]Graf W L.The rate law in fluvial geomorphology[J].American Journal of Science,1977,277(2):178-191.
[24]杨丹,熊东红,翟娟,等.元谋干热河谷冲沟形态特征及其成因[J].中国水土保持科学,2012,10(1):38-45.
[25]张斌,史凯,刘春琼,等.元谋干热河谷近50年分季节降水变化的DFA分析[J].地理科学,2009,29(4):561-566.
[26]熊东红,杨丹,翟娟,等.元谋干热河谷冲沟沟头径流水动力学特性及产沙效应初探[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(6):52-56,62.
[27]何福红,李勇,李璐,等.基于GPS与GIS技术的长江上游山地冲沟的分布特征研究[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(6):19-22.
[28]邓青春,张斌,罗君,等.元谋干热河谷潜蚀地貌的类型及形成条件[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(8):138-144.
[29]柴宗新,范建容,刘淑珍.金沙江下游元谋盆地冲沟发育特征和过程分析[J].地理科学,2001,21(4):339-343.
[30]Vandekerckhove L,et al.Topographical thresholds for ephemeral gully initiation in intensively cultivated areas of the Mediterranean[J].Catena,1998,33(3):271-292.
[31]Knape A,Poesen J.Soil erosion resistance effects on rill and gully initiation points and dimensions[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2010,35(2):217-228.