区县尺度下的河流生态系统健康评价——以北京房山区为例
|
摘要
伴随郊区城市化的快速发展,高强度人工管控对河流生态系统产生持续胁迫作用,河流生态系统健康受到严重威胁甚至损害。以北京房山区河流水系为例,于2016—2017年在区域内的31处样点进行野外调查。选取河流的水环境功能、防洪效益功能、生态效益功能和支持利用功能4方面16个具体评价指标,并通过层次分析法计算权重,构建区县尺度下的河流生态系统健康评价指标体系,并进行健康状况评价。结果表明:房山区河流的防洪效益功能与生态效益功能中"健康与亚健康"状态比例分别为58.0%与41.9%,而水环境功能与和支持利用功能中"较差与差"状态比例为71.0%与41.9%;河流生态系统健康整体水平较差,勉强满足河流生态系统一般需求。同时,房山区境内的拒马河与小清河的河流生态系统健康状态远优于大石河与永定河。河流生态基流是影响河流生态系统健康的关键因素,适当释放库区截留水量与调配区外清洁水体,已成为恢复房山区河流生态系统健康的前提与基础。
With the rapid urbanization of the suburbs and the resultant persistent,high-intensity management of ecosystems by humans,the health of river ecosystems is being seriously threatened,ultimately resulting in damage.In this paper,31 sites along regional river systems in Fangshan district,Beijing,were investigated during 2016—2017.Sixteen specific evaluation indicators were classified into four aspects of river functions,viz.,water environment,flood control benefit,ecological benefit,and support and utilization.The analytic hierarchy process method was used to calculate the index weight;next,the river ecosystem health evaluation index system at the county scale was constructed for Fangshan district.The results showed that,for the streams in Fangshan district,the proportion of "health and sub-health"state was 58.0%and 41.9% in terms of the functions of flood control benefit and ecological benefit,respectively.However,the proportion of"below general"state in terms of the functions of water environment and support and utilization was 71.0% and 41.9%,respectively.Overall,the health of the river ecosystems in Fangshan district was poor and barely met the general functions ofthe river ecosystem.Meanwhile,comparing the health of the river ecosystems,Juma and Xiaoqing rivers were far superior to Dashi and Yongding rivers.River ecological baseflow was the key factor that affected the health of the river ecosystems.Thus,the government should divert clean water from local reservoirs and other areas to restore and improve the health of the river ecosystems in Fangshan district.
With the rapid urbanization of the suburbs and the resultant persistent,high-intensity management of ecosystems by humans,the health of river ecosystems is being seriously threatened,ultimately resulting in damage.In this paper,31 sites along regional river systems in Fangshan district,Beijing,were investigated during 2016—2017.Sixteen specific evaluation indicators were classified into four aspects of river functions,viz.,water environment,flood control benefit,ecological benefit,and support and utilization.The analytic hierarchy process method was used to calculate the index weight;next,the river ecosystem health evaluation index system at the county scale was constructed for Fangshan district.The results showed that,for the streams in Fangshan district,the proportion of "health and sub-health"state was 58.0%and 41.9% in terms of the functions of flood control benefit and ecological benefit,respectively.However,the proportion of"below general"state in terms of the functions of water environment and support and utilization was 71.0% and 41.9%,respectively.Overall,the health of the river ecosystems in Fangshan district was poor and barely met the general functions ofthe river ecosystem.Meanwhile,comparing the health of the river ecosystems,Juma and Xiaoqing rivers were far superior to Dashi and Yongding rivers.River ecological baseflow was the key factor that affected the health of the river ecosystems.Thus,the government should divert clean water from local reservoirs and other areas to restore and improve the health of the river ecosystems in Fangshan district.
引文
[1]唐涛,蔡庆华,刘建康.河流生态系统健康及其评价.应用生态学报,2002,13(9):1191-1194.
[2]欧阳志云,赵同谦,王效科,苗鸿.水生态服务功能分析及其间接价值评价.生态学报,2004,24(10):2091-2099.
[3]Karr J R.Defining and measuring river health.Freshwater Biology,1999,41(2):221-234.
[4]Pan G B,Xu Y P,Yu Z H,Song S,Zhang Y.Analysis of river health variation under the background of urbanization based on entropy weight and matter-element model:a case study in Huzhou City in the Yangtze River Delta,China.Environmental Research,2015,139:31-35.
[5]杨朝晖,王浩,褚俊英,周祖昊.海河流域生态系统价值评估与空间特征.水利学报,2010,41(9):1121-1127.
[6]张晶,董哲仁,孙东亚,王俊娜.基于主导生态功能分区的河流健康评价全指标体系.水利学报,2010,41(8):883-892.
[7]熊文,黄思平,杨轩.河流生态系统健康评价关键指标研究.人民长江,2010,41(12):7-12.
[8]Townsend C R,Riley R H.Assessment of river health:accounting for perturbation pathways in physical and ecological space.Freshwater Biology,1999,41(2):393-405.
[9]Young R G,Collier K J.Contrasting responses to catchment modification among a range of functional and structural indicators of river ecosystem health.Freshwater Biology,2009,54(10):2155-2170.
[10]Pinto U,Maheshwari B L.River health assessment in peri-urban landscapes:an application of multivariate analysis to identify the key variables.Water Research,2011,45(13):3915-3924.
[11]Bhutiani R,Khanna,D R,Kulkarni,D B,Ruhela M.Assessment of Ganga River ecosystem at Haridwar,Uttarakhand,India with reference to water quality indices.Applied Water Science,2016,6(2):107-113.
[12]Solheim A L,Rekolainen S,Moe S J,Carvalho L,Phillips G,Ptacnik R,Penning W E,Toth L G,O’Toole C,Schartau A K L,Hesthagen T.Ecological threshold responses in European lakes and their applicability for the Water Framework Directive(WFD)implementation:synthesis of lakes results from the REBECCA project.Aquatic Ecology,2008,42(2):317-334.
[13]黄艺,文航,蔡佳亮.基于环境管理的河流健康评价体系的研究进展.生态环境学报,2010,19(4):967-973.
[14]Ladson A R,White L J,Doolan J A,Finlayson B L,Hart B T,Lake P S,Tilleard J W.Development and testing of an index of stream condition for waterway management in Australia.Freshwater Biology,1999,41(2):453-468.
[15]Ecot J R,Dice J L,Celeste L A A,Podico R R,Tayong L M P,Abdon S A P,Olegario S P,Sabid J,Ferrer C J,Bigsang R T,Abalunan A J F,Jumawan J H.Riparian zone analysis using riparian,channel and environmental(RCE)inventory and water testing analysis in Lun Padidu river,Lun Padidu,Malapatan,Sarangani Province,Philippines.Advances in Environmental Sciences,2014,6(3):276-283.
[16]郝利霞,孙然好,陈利顶.海河流域河流生态系统健康评价.环境科学,2014,35(10):3692-3701.
[17]李瑶瑶,于鲁冀,吕晓燕,王莉,徐艳红,范鹏宇.淮河流域(河南段)河流生态系统健康评价及分类修复模式.环境科学与技术,2016,39(7):185-192.
[18]朱卫红,曹光兰,李莹,徐万玲,史敏,秦雷.图们江流域河流生态系统健康评价.生态学报,2014,34(14):3969-3977.
[19]高占国,朱坚,翁燕波,张彪,诸云强,杜宇峰,潘双叶,赵洋甬.多尺度生态系统健康综合评价——以宁波市为例.生态学报,2010,30(7):1706-1717.
[20]惠秀娟,杨涛,李法云,胡成,王彤,徐成斌,侯伟,马放.辽宁省辽河水生态系统健康评价.应用生态学报,2011,22(1):181-188.
[21]蔡守华,胡欣.河流健康的概念及指标体系和评价方法.水利水电科技进展,2008,28(1):23-27.
[22]王勤花,尉永平,张志强,唐霞.干旱半干旱地区河流健康评价指标研究分析.生态科学,2015,34(6):56-63.
[23]蒋卫国,李京,李加洪,谢志仁,王文杰.辽河三角洲湿地生态系统健康评价.生态学报,2005,25(3):408-414.
[24]付爱红,陈亚宁,李卫红.基于层次分析法的塔里木河流域生态系统健康评价.资源科学,2009,31(9):1535-1544.
[25]崔东文.RBF与GRNN神经网络模型在河流健康评价中的应用——以文山州区域中小河流健康评价为例.中国农村水利水电,2012,(3):56-61.
[26]Xu S G,Liu Y Y.Assessment for river health based on variable fuzzy set theory.Water Resources,2014,41(2):218-224.
[27]张晶,董哲仁,孙东亚,李云生.河流健康全指标体系的模糊数学评价方法.水利水电技术,2010,41(12):16-21.
[2]欧阳志云,赵同谦,王效科,苗鸿.水生态服务功能分析及其间接价值评价.生态学报,2004,24(10):2091-2099.
[3]Karr J R.Defining and measuring river health.Freshwater Biology,1999,41(2):221-234.
[4]Pan G B,Xu Y P,Yu Z H,Song S,Zhang Y.Analysis of river health variation under the background of urbanization based on entropy weight and matter-element model:a case study in Huzhou City in the Yangtze River Delta,China.Environmental Research,2015,139:31-35.
[5]杨朝晖,王浩,褚俊英,周祖昊.海河流域生态系统价值评估与空间特征.水利学报,2010,41(9):1121-1127.
[6]张晶,董哲仁,孙东亚,王俊娜.基于主导生态功能分区的河流健康评价全指标体系.水利学报,2010,41(8):883-892.
[7]熊文,黄思平,杨轩.河流生态系统健康评价关键指标研究.人民长江,2010,41(12):7-12.
[8]Townsend C R,Riley R H.Assessment of river health:accounting for perturbation pathways in physical and ecological space.Freshwater Biology,1999,41(2):393-405.
[9]Young R G,Collier K J.Contrasting responses to catchment modification among a range of functional and structural indicators of river ecosystem health.Freshwater Biology,2009,54(10):2155-2170.
[10]Pinto U,Maheshwari B L.River health assessment in peri-urban landscapes:an application of multivariate analysis to identify the key variables.Water Research,2011,45(13):3915-3924.
[11]Bhutiani R,Khanna,D R,Kulkarni,D B,Ruhela M.Assessment of Ganga River ecosystem at Haridwar,Uttarakhand,India with reference to water quality indices.Applied Water Science,2016,6(2):107-113.
[12]Solheim A L,Rekolainen S,Moe S J,Carvalho L,Phillips G,Ptacnik R,Penning W E,Toth L G,O’Toole C,Schartau A K L,Hesthagen T.Ecological threshold responses in European lakes and their applicability for the Water Framework Directive(WFD)implementation:synthesis of lakes results from the REBECCA project.Aquatic Ecology,2008,42(2):317-334.
[13]黄艺,文航,蔡佳亮.基于环境管理的河流健康评价体系的研究进展.生态环境学报,2010,19(4):967-973.
[14]Ladson A R,White L J,Doolan J A,Finlayson B L,Hart B T,Lake P S,Tilleard J W.Development and testing of an index of stream condition for waterway management in Australia.Freshwater Biology,1999,41(2):453-468.
[15]Ecot J R,Dice J L,Celeste L A A,Podico R R,Tayong L M P,Abdon S A P,Olegario S P,Sabid J,Ferrer C J,Bigsang R T,Abalunan A J F,Jumawan J H.Riparian zone analysis using riparian,channel and environmental(RCE)inventory and water testing analysis in Lun Padidu river,Lun Padidu,Malapatan,Sarangani Province,Philippines.Advances in Environmental Sciences,2014,6(3):276-283.
[16]郝利霞,孙然好,陈利顶.海河流域河流生态系统健康评价.环境科学,2014,35(10):3692-3701.
[17]李瑶瑶,于鲁冀,吕晓燕,王莉,徐艳红,范鹏宇.淮河流域(河南段)河流生态系统健康评价及分类修复模式.环境科学与技术,2016,39(7):185-192.
[18]朱卫红,曹光兰,李莹,徐万玲,史敏,秦雷.图们江流域河流生态系统健康评价.生态学报,2014,34(14):3969-3977.
[19]高占国,朱坚,翁燕波,张彪,诸云强,杜宇峰,潘双叶,赵洋甬.多尺度生态系统健康综合评价——以宁波市为例.生态学报,2010,30(7):1706-1717.
[20]惠秀娟,杨涛,李法云,胡成,王彤,徐成斌,侯伟,马放.辽宁省辽河水生态系统健康评价.应用生态学报,2011,22(1):181-188.
[21]蔡守华,胡欣.河流健康的概念及指标体系和评价方法.水利水电科技进展,2008,28(1):23-27.
[22]王勤花,尉永平,张志强,唐霞.干旱半干旱地区河流健康评价指标研究分析.生态科学,2015,34(6):56-63.
[23]蒋卫国,李京,李加洪,谢志仁,王文杰.辽河三角洲湿地生态系统健康评价.生态学报,2005,25(3):408-414.
[24]付爱红,陈亚宁,李卫红.基于层次分析法的塔里木河流域生态系统健康评价.资源科学,2009,31(9):1535-1544.
[25]崔东文.RBF与GRNN神经网络模型在河流健康评价中的应用——以文山州区域中小河流健康评价为例.中国农村水利水电,2012,(3):56-61.
[26]Xu S G,Liu Y Y.Assessment for river health based on variable fuzzy set theory.Water Resources,2014,41(2):218-224.
[27]张晶,董哲仁,孙东亚,李云生.河流健康全指标体系的模糊数学评价方法.水利水电技术,2010,41(12):16-21.