新时期黄河下游滩区治理方向研究
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摘要
黄河下游滩区经济社会发展与黄河防洪安全之间的矛盾是当前滩区治理面临的核心问题。滩区治理方向长期悬而难决,主要面临4方面挑战,在实测资料分析和数学模型计算基础上,系统研究了各种挑战及其解决思路,包括:通过流域系统治理以应对水沙变化不确定性,解除下游河道长期泥沙淤积风险;通过对含沙洪水与非含沙洪水进行精准分类,解决大洪水对宽河与高效输沙对窄河需求各异的难题,使得下游河道"宽"与"窄"相得益彰;通过对河势控制薄弱河段加强治理,解决"二级悬河"形势依然严峻和游荡型河道河势尚未得到有效控制的短板问题;通过走人水和谐的滩区治理道路,解决滩区人水争地长期矛盾的困局。针对人民不断提高的治河需求,综合考虑防洪减淤情势及保障能力,提出了下游实施"一河两道"建设战略的建议,即在维持下游河道现状"一条宽河"前提下,全面加强"高效行洪输沙通道"和"美丽生态文化廊道"建设,让河槽行洪和滩区发展环境得到双提升。
The contradiction between the economic and social development of the floodplain and the flood control safety of the Yellow River is the core issue of the current management of the floodplain. On the basis of theoretical discussion, data analysis and mathematical model calculation, 4 main challenges and their solutions were systematically studied in long-term way of the floodplain management. By using watershed management to deal with the uncertainty of flow and sediment variation, the risk of long-term sediment deposition in the downstream channel could be eliminated. By precisely classifying the sediment-laden flood and non-sediment flood, the problem of the different demands between the wide channel for flood and the narrow channel for sediment transportation could be solved which makes the wide and narrow complement each other in the downstream channel. By reinforcing the control of the weak section of the river, the weakness of the secondary suspended river and the uncontrolled wandering river could be mitigated. By taking the floodplain management under the principle of human and water in harmony, the long-term contradiction between human and water in the floodplain could be solved. In view of the people's increasing demand for river management and considering the conditions of flood prevention and sedimentation reduction, the strategy of "one river, two channels" was proposed. In detail, under the premise of one wide river, the current downstream channel maintained, two channels, the efficient flood-sediment transportation channel and the beautiful ecological cultural corridor could be fully constructed, which could promote both the flood discharging and the floodplain developing environment.
The contradiction between the economic and social development of the floodplain and the flood control safety of the Yellow River is the core issue of the current management of the floodplain. On the basis of theoretical discussion, data analysis and mathematical model calculation, 4 main challenges and their solutions were systematically studied in long-term way of the floodplain management. By using watershed management to deal with the uncertainty of flow and sediment variation, the risk of long-term sediment deposition in the downstream channel could be eliminated. By precisely classifying the sediment-laden flood and non-sediment flood, the problem of the different demands between the wide channel for flood and the narrow channel for sediment transportation could be solved which makes the wide and narrow complement each other in the downstream channel. By reinforcing the control of the weak section of the river, the weakness of the secondary suspended river and the uncontrolled wandering river could be mitigated. By taking the floodplain management under the principle of human and water in harmony, the long-term contradiction between human and water in the floodplain could be solved. In view of the people's increasing demand for river management and considering the conditions of flood prevention and sedimentation reduction, the strategy of "one river, two channels" was proposed. In detail, under the premise of one wide river, the current downstream channel maintained, two channels, the efficient flood-sediment transportation channel and the beautiful ecological cultural corridor could be fully constructed, which could promote both the flood discharging and the floodplain developing environment.
引文
[1] 河南省发展和改革委员会.河南省黄河下游滩区居民迁建规划(2017)[R].郑州:河南省发展和改革委员会,2017:2-3.
[2] 山东省发展和改革委员会.山东省黄河滩区居民迁建总体规划(2017)[R].济南:山东省发展和改革委员会,2017:4.
[3] 佚名.水利部科技委联合民盟中央调研黄河下游滩区综合治理[J].治黄科技信息,2017(3):16.
[4] 胡春宏.黄河水沙变化与下游河道改造[J].水利水电技术,2015,46(6):10-15.
[5] 刘晓燕.黄河近年水沙锐减成因[M].北京:科学出版社,2016:325-339.
[6] 水利部黄河水利委员会.黄河下游治理方略专家论坛[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2004:4-9.
[7] 田勇,林秀芝,李勇,等.黄河干流泥沙优化配置模型及应用[J].水利水电技术,2009,40(5):19-23.
[8] 李小平,李勇,翟戌亮.黄河下游洪水冲淤规律及输沙能力研究[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2016:50-61.
[2] 山东省发展和改革委员会.山东省黄河滩区居民迁建总体规划(2017)[R].济南:山东省发展和改革委员会,2017:4.
[3] 佚名.水利部科技委联合民盟中央调研黄河下游滩区综合治理[J].治黄科技信息,2017(3):16.
[4] 胡春宏.黄河水沙变化与下游河道改造[J].水利水电技术,2015,46(6):10-15.
[5] 刘晓燕.黄河近年水沙锐减成因[M].北京:科学出版社,2016:325-339.
[6] 水利部黄河水利委员会.黄河下游治理方略专家论坛[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2004:4-9.
[7] 田勇,林秀芝,李勇,等.黄河干流泥沙优化配置模型及应用[J].水利水电技术,2009,40(5):19-23.
[8] 李小平,李勇,翟戌亮.黄河下游洪水冲淤规律及输沙能力研究[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2016:50-61.