改性木屑对海上溢油的吸附
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摘要
为提高吸油倍率降低吸水倍率,对天然松木屑进行了改性,得到了一种新的除油吸附剂。对该吸附剂的吸油吸水性能进行测定,并确定最佳条件。结果显示:改性木屑吸油效果提升显著,在纯原油中吸油倍率是天然松木屑的2.50倍;吸水倍率降低了80%;漂浮性能好;吸附2 min就能达到吸附平衡,吸附速率是原始松木屑和活性炭的15倍;粒径对改性木屑吸水吸油性能基本无影响;低温和中性条件有利于油的吸附。
In order to improve the oil adsorption performance of natural sawdust while simultaneously reducing water adsorption,a new oil removal adsorbent was made by modifying natural sawdust material.Then,the adsorption performance of this new material for both oil and water were tested and the influencing factors were evaluated.Results showed that the modified material had a much greater capacity for oil adsorption compared to raw sawdust,i.e.,the new material soaked up 2.5 times more pure oil than unmodified sawdust.Furthermore,compared with raw sawdust,the water adsorption capacity of the new material decreased by 80%.The modified sawdust demonstrated good floating performance,and the equilibrium time for oil adsorption onto the modified sawdust was only 2 min;overall,the adsorption rate was 15 times greater with the new material compared to the rates achieved with raw sawdust and activated carbon.The grain diameter size did not readily affect the adsorption performance for oil/water.Low temperatures and neutral conditions favored the adsorption of oil.
In order to improve the oil adsorption performance of natural sawdust while simultaneously reducing water adsorption,a new oil removal adsorbent was made by modifying natural sawdust material.Then,the adsorption performance of this new material for both oil and water were tested and the influencing factors were evaluated.Results showed that the modified material had a much greater capacity for oil adsorption compared to raw sawdust,i.e.,the new material soaked up 2.5 times more pure oil than unmodified sawdust.Furthermore,compared with raw sawdust,the water adsorption capacity of the new material decreased by 80%.The modified sawdust demonstrated good floating performance,and the equilibrium time for oil adsorption onto the modified sawdust was only 2 min;overall,the adsorption rate was 15 times greater with the new material compared to the rates achieved with raw sawdust and activated carbon.The grain diameter size did not readily affect the adsorption performance for oil/water.Low temperatures and neutral conditions favored the adsorption of oil.
引文
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[15]US-ASTM.Standard practice for the preparation of substitute ocean water:ASTM D1141-1998[S].America:ASTM,1998
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[2]LEWIS A,TRUDEL B K,BELORE R C,et al.Large-scale dispersant leaching and effectiveness experiments with oils on calm water[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2010,60(2):244-254
[3]杨庆霄,徐俊英,李文森.海上溢油溶解过程的研究[J].海洋环境科学,1992,11(3):24-28
[4]陆晶晶,周美华.吸油材料的发展[J].东华大学学报(自然科学版),2002,28(1):126-130
[5]胡涛,陈静,周素芹,等.吸油材料的应用与研究[J].内蒙古科技与经济,2006(20):97-99
[6]曹乃珍,沈万慈,金传波.新型石墨材料对水中油性物质脱除的实验研究[J].中国环境科学,1997,17(2):188-190
[7]杨阳,陈爱平,古宏晨,等.以膨胀珍珠岩为载体的漂浮型Ti O2光催化剂降解水面浮油[J].催化学报,2001,22(2):177-180
[8]吴奎,褚效中,周守勇,等.聚甲基丙烯酸丁酯-苯乙烯高吸油树脂的制备及其吸油性能研究[J].高校化学工程学报,2013,27(1):76-83
[9]李绍宁.应用两步接枝法制备改性聚丙烯基吸油毡[J].消防科学与技术,2014,33(5):564-568
[10]SUNI S,KOSUNEN A L,HAUTALA M,et al.Use of a by-product of peat excavation,cotton grass fibre,as a sorbent for oil-spills[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2004,49(11/12):916-921
[11]肖伟洪,王丽华,丁海新,等.天然多孔灯心草对柴油和机油的吸附实验研究[J].江西化工,2005(2):68-70
[12]高远.农作物废料用于海上溢油吸附回收筛选研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学,2011
[13]林海,王泽甲,汪涵,等.天然生物质材料吸油性能研究[J].功能材料,2012,43(17):2412-2415
[14]丁文明.木屑改性除油吸附剂及其制备方法:201110443112[P].2013-07-03
[15]US-ASTM.Standard practice for the preparation of substitute ocean water:ASTM D1141-1998[S].America:ASTM,1998
[16]国家能源部.油田采出水中含油量测定方法分光光度法:SY/T 0530-2011[S].北京:石油工业出版社,2011