我国城市地下空间利用现状及发展趋势
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摘要
城市地下空间开发利用是缓解城市资源匮乏、改善环境状况、提升居民生活品质的重要途径,具有重要现实意义。在总结国外城市地下空间开发特色的基础上,分别对国内城市地下商业街、地下道路与停车系统、轨道交通、综合管廊、地下综合体、地下市政系统、地下仓储物流系统、相关法律法规及标准规范的现状进行分析。深入剖析当前我国地下空间开发利用中,法律法规、管理机制、城市规划、开发保护、信息共享、防灾减灾和投融资模式等方面存在的不足。结合地下空间开发智慧化、绿色化、深层次、综合化发展的大趋势,提出除创新地下空间开发的理论体系和关键技术外,还需要综合管理、统筹规划、创新投融资及收益模式,结合国情完善相应的政策和法律法规。
The development and utilization of urban underground space is an important way to alleviate the shortage of urban resources,improve the environmental conditions and the quality of life of residents.It has important practical significance.The status of underground space utilization in China and other countries and the problems that need to be solved in China are analyzed.Combined with the general trend of intelligent,green,deep and comprehensive development of urban underground space,several suggestions for the development of underground space in China are put forward.Based on the characteristics of the development of underground space in foreign cities,the status quo of domestic underground commercial street,underground road and parking system,subway,integrated pipe gallery,underground complex,underground municipal system,underground storage and logistics systems,relevant laws and regulations and standard specifications are analyzed,respectively.The shortcomings of laws and regulations,management mechanism,urban planning,development protection,information sharing,disaster prevention and investment and financing mode in the development and utilization of underground space in China are analyzed in depth.Combined with the general trend of development of intelligent,green,deep and integrated development of underground space,it is proposed that in addition to the theoretical system and key technologies for the development of underground space,comprehensive management,overall planning,innovative investment and financing,income models and policies and laws that are in line with national conditions are needed.
The development and utilization of urban underground space is an important way to alleviate the shortage of urban resources,improve the environmental conditions and the quality of life of residents.It has important practical significance.The status of underground space utilization in China and other countries and the problems that need to be solved in China are analyzed.Combined with the general trend of intelligent,green,deep and comprehensive development of urban underground space,several suggestions for the development of underground space in China are put forward.Based on the characteristics of the development of underground space in foreign cities,the status quo of domestic underground commercial street,underground road and parking system,subway,integrated pipe gallery,underground complex,underground municipal system,underground storage and logistics systems,relevant laws and regulations and standard specifications are analyzed,respectively.The shortcomings of laws and regulations,management mechanism,urban planning,development protection,information sharing,disaster prevention and investment and financing mode in the development and utilization of underground space in China are analyzed in depth.Combined with the general trend of development of intelligent,green,deep and integrated development of underground space,it is proposed that in addition to the theoretical system and key technologies for the development of underground space,comprehensive management,overall planning,innovative investment and financing,income models and policies and laws that are in line with national conditions are needed.
引文
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[9]朱大明.城市地下空间开发利用的绿色生态建筑对策[J].地下空间,2003,23(2):186.ZHU Daming.Green ecological buildings in development and utilization of urban underground space[J].Underground Space,2003,23(2):186.
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[12]谭忠盛,王梦恕,王永红,等.我国城市地下停车场发展现状及修建技术研究[J].中国工程科学,2017,19(6):100.TAN Zhongsheng,WANG Mengshu,WANG Yonghong,et al.Present situation and application of urban underground parking lots[J].Engineering Science,2017,19(6):100.
[13]南京慧龙城市规划设计有限公司,中国岩石力学与工程学会地下空间分会.中国城市地下空间发展蓝皮书[R/OL].(2018-08-10)[2018-08-29].http://www.wisusp.com/?page_id=2199/.Nanjing Huilong Urban Planning and Design Co.,Ltd.,Underground Space Branch of Chinese Society for Rock Mechanics&Engineering.Blue book of urban underground space development in China[R/OL].(2018-08-10)[2018-08-29].http://www.wisusp.com/?page_id=2199/.
[14]贾坚.城市地下综合体设计实践[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2015.JIA Jian.Design practice of urban underground complex[M].Shanghai:Tongji University Press,2015.
[15]刘云鹏,乔永康,彭芳乐.城市大型地下综合体的建设现状调研分析[C]//中国土木工程学会2017年学术年会论文集.北京:中国城市出版社.2017:51.LIU Yunpeng,QIAO Yongkang,PENG Fangle.Investigation and analysis of the status quo of urban largescale underground complex construction[C]//China Civil Engineering Society 2017 Academic Annual Conference Proceedings.Beijing:China City Press.2017:51.
[16]谢和平,许唯临,刘超,等.地下水利工程战略构想及关键技术展望[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2018,37(4):781.XIE Heping,XU Weilin,LIU Chao,et al.The subversive idea and key technical prospects on underground hydraulic engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2018,37(4):781.
[17]钱七虎,郭东军.地下仓储物流设施规划与设计[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2015.QIAN Qihu,GUO Dongjun.Planning and design of underground storage logistics facilities[M].Shanghai:Tongji University Press,2015.
[18]钱七虎,郭东军.城市地下物流系统导论[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2007.QIAN Qihu,GUO Dongjun.Introduction to urban underground logistics system[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2007.
[19]钱七虎.开发地下空间要深谋远虑[N].中国国防报,2017-6-20(3).QIAN Qihu.Developing underground space must be far-sighted[N].China National Defense News,2017-6-20(3).
[20]朱大明.城市地下空间开发利用的绿色生态建筑对策[J].地下空间与工程学报,2003,23(2):186.ZHU Daming.Green ecological buildings in development and utilization of urban underground space[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2003,23(2):186.
[21]油新华.城市地下空间开发综述[J].建筑技术开发,2015,42(3):7.YOU Xinhua.Overview on development of urban underground space[J].Building Technique Development,2015,42(3):7.
[2]李彬.地铁地下结构抗震理论分析与应用研究[D].北京:清华大学,2005.LI Bin.Theoretical analysis of seismic response of underground subway structures and its application[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2005.
[3]钱七虎.城市可持续发展与地下空间开发利用[J].地下空间与工程学报,1998,18(2):69.QIAN Qihu.Urban sustainable development and development and utilization of underground space[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,1998,18(2):69.
[4]钱七虎,陈晓强.国内外地下综合管线廊道发展的现状、问题及对策[J].地下空间与工程学报,2007,3(2):191.QIAN Qihu,CHEN Xiaoqiang.Situation problems and countermeasures of utility tunnel development at home and abroad[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2007,3(2):191.
[5]佚名.城市地下空间开发利用“十三五”规划[J].城乡建设,2016(7):8.Anonymous."13th Five-Year Plan"of urban underground space development and utilization[J].Urban and Rural Development,2016(7):8.
[6]TAJIMA K.New estimates of the demand for urban green space:Implications for valuing the environmental benefits of Boston's big dig project[J].Journal of Urban Affairs,2003,25(5):641.
[7]BESNER J.A master plan or a regulatory approach for the urban underground space development:The Montreal case[J].Urban Planning International,2007,22(6):16.
[8]KISHII T.Utilization of underground space in Japan[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2016,55:320.
[9]朱大明.城市地下空间开发利用的绿色生态建筑对策[J].地下空间,2003,23(2):186.ZHU Daming.Green ecological buildings in development and utilization of urban underground space[J].Underground Space,2003,23(2):186.
[10]陈志龙,张平,郭东军,等.中国城市中心区地下道路建设探讨[J].地下空间与工程学报,2009,5(1):1.CHEN Zhilong,ZHANG Ping,GUO Dongjun,et al.Study of construction of underground roads for city center in China[J].Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2009,5(1):1.
[11]柳昆,彭芳乐.城市中心区地下道路的规划设计模式[J].上海交通大学学报,2012,46(1):13.LIU Kun,PENG Fangle.Planning and design mode of underground roads in city centers[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2012,46(1):13.
[12]谭忠盛,王梦恕,王永红,等.我国城市地下停车场发展现状及修建技术研究[J].中国工程科学,2017,19(6):100.TAN Zhongsheng,WANG Mengshu,WANG Yonghong,et al.Present situation and application of urban underground parking lots[J].Engineering Science,2017,19(6):100.
[13]南京慧龙城市规划设计有限公司,中国岩石力学与工程学会地下空间分会.中国城市地下空间发展蓝皮书[R/OL].(2018-08-10)[2018-08-29].http://www.wisusp.com/?page_id=2199/.Nanjing Huilong Urban Planning and Design Co.,Ltd.,Underground Space Branch of Chinese Society for Rock Mechanics&Engineering.Blue book of urban underground space development in China[R/OL].(2018-08-10)[2018-08-29].http://www.wisusp.com/?page_id=2199/.
[14]贾坚.城市地下综合体设计实践[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2015.JIA Jian.Design practice of urban underground complex[M].Shanghai:Tongji University Press,2015.
[15]刘云鹏,乔永康,彭芳乐.城市大型地下综合体的建设现状调研分析[C]//中国土木工程学会2017年学术年会论文集.北京:中国城市出版社.2017:51.LIU Yunpeng,QIAO Yongkang,PENG Fangle.Investigation and analysis of the status quo of urban largescale underground complex construction[C]//China Civil Engineering Society 2017 Academic Annual Conference Proceedings.Beijing:China City Press.2017:51.
[16]谢和平,许唯临,刘超,等.地下水利工程战略构想及关键技术展望[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2018,37(4):781.XIE Heping,XU Weilin,LIU Chao,et al.The subversive idea and key technical prospects on underground hydraulic engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2018,37(4):781.
[17]钱七虎,郭东军.地下仓储物流设施规划与设计[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2015.QIAN Qihu,GUO Dongjun.Planning and design of underground storage logistics facilities[M].Shanghai:Tongji University Press,2015.
[18]钱七虎,郭东军.城市地下物流系统导论[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2007.QIAN Qihu,GUO Dongjun.Introduction to urban underground logistics system[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2007.
[19]钱七虎.开发地下空间要深谋远虑[N].中国国防报,2017-6-20(3).QIAN Qihu.Developing underground space must be far-sighted[N].China National Defense News,2017-6-20(3).
[20]朱大明.城市地下空间开发利用的绿色生态建筑对策[J].地下空间与工程学报,2003,23(2):186.ZHU Daming.Green ecological buildings in development and utilization of urban underground space[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2003,23(2):186.
[21]油新华.城市地下空间开发综述[J].建筑技术开发,2015,42(3):7.YOU Xinhua.Overview on development of urban underground space[J].Building Technique Development,2015,42(3):7.