振幅衰减梯度属性在油气检测中的应用
|
摘要
基于高频能量衰减梯度理论的传统叠后油气检测方法,未同时利用地震波通过油气层后的高频衰减和低频增强两种特性,且其结果为界面信息,可解释性较差,分辨率有所降低。为了更好地突出叠后地震资料中储层的含油气性,建立一种岩性约束下振幅衰减梯度分频属性的油气检测方法。基于地震波通过油气层后的衰减特性,首先应用振幅衰减梯度技术和分频处理技术,突出油气层的高频衰减和低频增强地震响应特征;然后应用90°相移技术将界面信息转化为岩层信息,提高剖面的可解释性;最后引入岩性约束,恢复地震分辨率和提高油气检测精度。试算结果表明,该方法可在不损失地震分辨率的前提下有效突出储层的含油气性。在实际资料应用中,与钻井数据吻合良好,平面属性表征的油水界面与钻井压力外推结果基本一致,地层的含油气性检测和识别具有较明显的成效。
Traditional post-stack hydrocarbon detection based on high-frequency energy attenuation gradient failed to make full use of either high-frequency attenuation or low-frequency resonance. Meanwhile its result is interface information with weaker interpretation and lower seismic resolution. In order to highlight hydrocarbon response better in post-stack seismic data,a new hydrocarbon detection method of amplitude attenuation gradient frequency-division attribute under the constraint of lithology was established. Based on the attenuation characteristics of seismic waves after passing through the reservoir,amplitude attenuation gradient technique and frequency division technique were aimed at enhancing the feature of high-frequency attenuation and low-frequency resonance of oil and gas in reservoir respectively. And 90° phase rotation technique in assist could transform the interface information into strata information for better interpretation. Lithological constraints were introduced at last to improve resolution and accuracy. Theoretical model results showed that oil and gas properties of the reservoir could be highlighted effectively without loss of seismic resolution. Practice results showed that this method was in good agreement with drilling,and oil-water interface predicted by seismic attribute was identical to the drilling pressure extrapolation. So this method has obvious effect in hydrocarbon detection.
Traditional post-stack hydrocarbon detection based on high-frequency energy attenuation gradient failed to make full use of either high-frequency attenuation or low-frequency resonance. Meanwhile its result is interface information with weaker interpretation and lower seismic resolution. In order to highlight hydrocarbon response better in post-stack seismic data,a new hydrocarbon detection method of amplitude attenuation gradient frequency-division attribute under the constraint of lithology was established. Based on the attenuation characteristics of seismic waves after passing through the reservoir,amplitude attenuation gradient technique and frequency division technique were aimed at enhancing the feature of high-frequency attenuation and low-frequency resonance of oil and gas in reservoir respectively. And 90° phase rotation technique in assist could transform the interface information into strata information for better interpretation. Lithological constraints were introduced at last to improve resolution and accuracy. Theoretical model results showed that oil and gas properties of the reservoir could be highlighted effectively without loss of seismic resolution. Practice results showed that this method was in good agreement with drilling,and oil-water interface predicted by seismic attribute was identical to the drilling pressure extrapolation. So this method has obvious effect in hydrocarbon detection.
引文
[1]程志国,谭佳,宋永,等.阜东地区河道砂体AVO油气预测研究[J].新疆石油地质,2013,34(3):338-340.Cheng Zhiguo,Tan Jia,Song Yong,et al.AVO oil-gas prediction study of channel sands in Fudong area of Junggar basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2013,34(3):338-340.
[2]陈刚,樊太亮,全海燕.AVO流体反演技术应用研究[J].石油天然气学报,2011,33(10):70-75.Chen Gang,Fan Tailiang,Quan Haiyan,et al.AVO fluid inversion technique and its application[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2011,33(10):70-75.
[3]揣媛媛,周东红,吕丁友,等.叠前同步反演技术在渤海海域QHD29-2区块油气预测中的应用[J].大庆石油学院学报,2012,36(3):8-12.Chuai Yuanyuan,Zhou Donghong,Lyu Dingyou,et al.Application of pre-stack simultaneous inversion technique in the hydrocarbon detection of QHD29-2area in Bohai sea[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,2012,36(3):8-12.
[4]王离迟,洪太元,江洪.强振福地震属性分析技术在车排子地区油气检测中的应用[J].新疆地质,2006,24(3):310-313.Wang Lichi,Hong Taiyuan,Jiang Hong.The application of strong seismic amplitude property analysis technology to petroleum tests,Chepaizi uplift[J].Xinjiang Geology,2006,24(3):310-313.
[5]李在光,杨占龙,李红哲,等.吐哈盆地胜北地区含油气性检测[J].天然气地球科学,2006,17(4):532-537.Li Zaiguang,Yang Zhanlong,Li Hongzhe,et al.Detection of hydrocarbon potentials in Shengbei area of Tuha basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2006,17(4):532-537.
[6]王宏语,赵全国.瞬时子波吸收分析技术在复杂地区的应用——以吐哈盆地鄯勒地区为例[J].天然气地球科学,2007,18(2):289-292.Wang Hongyu,Zhao Quanguo.Application of absorption analysis technique for instantaneous wavelet in complex area:A case in Shanle area in Tuha basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2007,18(2):289-292.
[7]黎家盆.川西浅层储层地震“低频、强振幅”形成机理及陷井分析[J].物探化探计算技术,2003,25(3):193-196.Li Jiapen.The mechanism and trap of"low frequency and high amplitude"on shallow gas sandston in western Sichuan[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2003,25(3):193-196.
[8]刘静静,刘震,齐宇,等.地震分频处理技术预测深水储集体[J].石油学报,2016,37(1):80-87.Liu Jingjing,Liu Zhen,Qi Yu,et al.Prediction of deep-water reservoir by seiemic frequency division technology[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(1):80-87.
[9]林年添,孙剑,汤健健,等.分频技术在塔中地区地震储层边界刻画中的应用[J].山东科技大学学报:自然科学版,2012,31(4):18-25.Lin Niantian,Sun Jian,Tang Jianjian,et al.Spectral decomposition technology and its application to improving resolution of frequency spectrum[J].Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology:Natural Science,2012,31(4):18-25.
[10]马志霞,孙赞东.Gabor-Morlet小波变换分频技术及其在碳酸盐岩储层预测中的应用[J].石油物探,2010,49(1):42-45.Ma Zhixia,Sun Zandong.Spectral decomposition technique based on Gabor-Morlet wavelet transform and its application to carbonate reservoir prediction[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2010,49(1):42-45.
[11]Dilay A,Eastwood J.Spectral analysis applied to seismic monitoring of thermal recovery[J].The Leading Edge,1995,14(11):1117-1122.
[12]张固澜,贺振华,李家金,等.基于广义S变换的吸收衰减梯度检测[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(6):906-910.Zhang Gulan,He Zhenhua,Li Jiajin,et al.Absorption attenuation gradient detection based on generalized S transform[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2011,46(6):905-910.
[13]苑书金,董宁,于常青.地震波衰减技术在鄂尔多斯盆地储层预测中的应用[J].石油物探,2006,45(2):182-185.Yuan Shujin,Dong Ning,Yu Changqing.The application of seismic attenuation technology for reservoir prediction in Erdos basin[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2006,45(2):182-185.
[14]汪佳蓓,黄捍东,郭飞.基于双相介质的地震波衰减特性油气检测方法[J].东北石油大学学报,2016,40(2):19-26.Wang Jiabei,Huang Handong,Guo Fei.Hydrocarbon detection based on the theory of seismic wave attenution in two-phase medium[J].Journal of Northeast Petroleum University,2016,40(2):19-26.
[15]Mitchell J T,Derzhi N,Lichma E.Energy absorption analysis:A case study[C]//Expanded Abstracts of the 66th Annual Internat SEG Meeting.Denver:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,1996:1785-1788.
[16]Gabor D.Theory of communication[J].Journal on Institution of Electrical Engineeringm,1946,93(26):429-457.
[17]Grossmann A,Morlet J.Decomposition of Hardy functions into square integrable wavelets of constant shape[J].SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis,1984,15(4):723-736.
[18]Stockwell R G,Mansinha L P,Lowe R.Localization of the complex spectrum:The S transform[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,1996,44(4):998-1001.
[19]Pinnegar C R,Mansinha L.The S-transform with windows of arbitrary and varying shape[J].Geophysics,2003,68(1):381-385.
[20]Zeng Hongliu,Backus M M.Interpretive advantages of 90°phase wavelets,part 1:Modeling[J].Geophysics,2005,70(3):7-15.
[21]Zeng Hongliu,Backus M M.Interpretive advantages of 90°phase wavelets,part 2:Seismic applications[J].Geophysics,2005,70(3):17-24.
[2]陈刚,樊太亮,全海燕.AVO流体反演技术应用研究[J].石油天然气学报,2011,33(10):70-75.Chen Gang,Fan Tailiang,Quan Haiyan,et al.AVO fluid inversion technique and its application[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2011,33(10):70-75.
[3]揣媛媛,周东红,吕丁友,等.叠前同步反演技术在渤海海域QHD29-2区块油气预测中的应用[J].大庆石油学院学报,2012,36(3):8-12.Chuai Yuanyuan,Zhou Donghong,Lyu Dingyou,et al.Application of pre-stack simultaneous inversion technique in the hydrocarbon detection of QHD29-2area in Bohai sea[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,2012,36(3):8-12.
[4]王离迟,洪太元,江洪.强振福地震属性分析技术在车排子地区油气检测中的应用[J].新疆地质,2006,24(3):310-313.Wang Lichi,Hong Taiyuan,Jiang Hong.The application of strong seismic amplitude property analysis technology to petroleum tests,Chepaizi uplift[J].Xinjiang Geology,2006,24(3):310-313.
[5]李在光,杨占龙,李红哲,等.吐哈盆地胜北地区含油气性检测[J].天然气地球科学,2006,17(4):532-537.Li Zaiguang,Yang Zhanlong,Li Hongzhe,et al.Detection of hydrocarbon potentials in Shengbei area of Tuha basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2006,17(4):532-537.
[6]王宏语,赵全国.瞬时子波吸收分析技术在复杂地区的应用——以吐哈盆地鄯勒地区为例[J].天然气地球科学,2007,18(2):289-292.Wang Hongyu,Zhao Quanguo.Application of absorption analysis technique for instantaneous wavelet in complex area:A case in Shanle area in Tuha basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2007,18(2):289-292.
[7]黎家盆.川西浅层储层地震“低频、强振幅”形成机理及陷井分析[J].物探化探计算技术,2003,25(3):193-196.Li Jiapen.The mechanism and trap of"low frequency and high amplitude"on shallow gas sandston in western Sichuan[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2003,25(3):193-196.
[8]刘静静,刘震,齐宇,等.地震分频处理技术预测深水储集体[J].石油学报,2016,37(1):80-87.Liu Jingjing,Liu Zhen,Qi Yu,et al.Prediction of deep-water reservoir by seiemic frequency division technology[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(1):80-87.
[9]林年添,孙剑,汤健健,等.分频技术在塔中地区地震储层边界刻画中的应用[J].山东科技大学学报:自然科学版,2012,31(4):18-25.Lin Niantian,Sun Jian,Tang Jianjian,et al.Spectral decomposition technology and its application to improving resolution of frequency spectrum[J].Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology:Natural Science,2012,31(4):18-25.
[10]马志霞,孙赞东.Gabor-Morlet小波变换分频技术及其在碳酸盐岩储层预测中的应用[J].石油物探,2010,49(1):42-45.Ma Zhixia,Sun Zandong.Spectral decomposition technique based on Gabor-Morlet wavelet transform and its application to carbonate reservoir prediction[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2010,49(1):42-45.
[11]Dilay A,Eastwood J.Spectral analysis applied to seismic monitoring of thermal recovery[J].The Leading Edge,1995,14(11):1117-1122.
[12]张固澜,贺振华,李家金,等.基于广义S变换的吸收衰减梯度检测[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(6):906-910.Zhang Gulan,He Zhenhua,Li Jiajin,et al.Absorption attenuation gradient detection based on generalized S transform[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2011,46(6):905-910.
[13]苑书金,董宁,于常青.地震波衰减技术在鄂尔多斯盆地储层预测中的应用[J].石油物探,2006,45(2):182-185.Yuan Shujin,Dong Ning,Yu Changqing.The application of seismic attenuation technology for reservoir prediction in Erdos basin[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2006,45(2):182-185.
[14]汪佳蓓,黄捍东,郭飞.基于双相介质的地震波衰减特性油气检测方法[J].东北石油大学学报,2016,40(2):19-26.Wang Jiabei,Huang Handong,Guo Fei.Hydrocarbon detection based on the theory of seismic wave attenution in two-phase medium[J].Journal of Northeast Petroleum University,2016,40(2):19-26.
[15]Mitchell J T,Derzhi N,Lichma E.Energy absorption analysis:A case study[C]//Expanded Abstracts of the 66th Annual Internat SEG Meeting.Denver:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,1996:1785-1788.
[16]Gabor D.Theory of communication[J].Journal on Institution of Electrical Engineeringm,1946,93(26):429-457.
[17]Grossmann A,Morlet J.Decomposition of Hardy functions into square integrable wavelets of constant shape[J].SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis,1984,15(4):723-736.
[18]Stockwell R G,Mansinha L P,Lowe R.Localization of the complex spectrum:The S transform[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,1996,44(4):998-1001.
[19]Pinnegar C R,Mansinha L.The S-transform with windows of arbitrary and varying shape[J].Geophysics,2003,68(1):381-385.
[20]Zeng Hongliu,Backus M M.Interpretive advantages of 90°phase wavelets,part 1:Modeling[J].Geophysics,2005,70(3):7-15.
[21]Zeng Hongliu,Backus M M.Interpretive advantages of 90°phase wavelets,part 2:Seismic applications[J].Geophysics,2005,70(3):17-24.