摘要
经典的油气地质理论指导辽河坳陷油气勘探取得了重要进展,但随着油气勘探的深入,油气藏越来越难以被发现,主要原因是基于逻辑判断和定性分析的传统研究方法越来越不能适应精细勘探的需要。以油气藏分布临界条件为切入点展开油气分布规律研究,表明油气藏形成与分布受烃源灶(S)、沉积相(D)、区域盖层(C)和低势区(P)四类功能要素的控制:辽河坳陷大民屯凹陷已发现油气藏全部分布在源灶中心2倍排烃源岩半径范围内(S);绝大部分分布在沉积物颗粒为0.1~0.5 mm的河流、三角洲优相储层中(D);全部分布在区域盖层的厚度大于25 m的地层之下(C);全部分布在距离古隆起顶点相对距离小于1的构造高部位(P1=M);全部分布在距离断裂带3km范围内(P2=F);96%油藏分布在势指数小于0.5的低界面势能区(P3=L)。综合分析建立了大量成藏期(T)功能要素组合控藏模式(T-CDPS),并基于这一模式预测了辽河坳陷主成藏期(T)背斜类(T-CDMS)、岩性类(TCDLS)、潜山类(T-CSMF)3类油气藏有利分布发育区共117个。回放检验表明整个辽河坳陷95%以上已发现的油气藏都分布在烃源灶(S)、储层相(D)、封盖层(C)、低势区(P)四要素叠合的有利成藏区带内,成藏概率越高的地区发现的油气藏个数越多、找到的储量越大,反映了功能要素组合控油气分布模式的科学性与可靠性。
Great progresses have been achieved in hydrocarbon exploration of Liaohe depression under the guidance of classic hydrocarbon geological theory.However,with the development of oil and gas explorations,it is more and more difficult to discover hydrocarbon reservoirs.The main reason is that the traditional research methods based on logic judgment and qualitative analysis are increasingly unable to meet the demands of fine explorations.Hydrocarbon distribution laws are studied based on the critical conditions of hydrocarbon reservoir distribution.The results show that the formation and distribution of hydrocarbon reservoirs are controlled by four functional elements,i.e.,source kitchen(S),sedimentary facies(D),regional cap rocks(C)and low potential area(P).Hydrocarbon reservoirs have been found in Damintun depression of Liaohe depression,distributed within the double radius of hydrocarbon-expulsion source rocks in the center of source kitchen(S).A majority of hydrocarbon reservoirs are distributed in the favorable fluvial and delta facices reservoirs(D)with the sediment grain of 0.1-0.5mm.All these hydrocarbon reservoirs are formed beneath formations with the regional cap-rock thickness more than25m(C),located in tectonic high-positions with the relative distance less than1 from the paleo-high top(P1=M).96% of these reservoirs were distributed in the range of 3 km away from the fault zone(P2=F)and the low interfacial potential zones with the potential energy index less than0.5(P3=L).Through comprehensive analysis,the mode of functional element(T-CDPS)in the massive accumulation period(T)was established.On this basis,a total of 117 favorable hydrocarbon distribution and development zones were predicted in Liaohe depression during the major accumulation period(T),classified into three reservoir types,i.e.,anticline type(T-CDMS),lithology type(T-CDFS)and buried-hill type(TCSMF).The play back test proved that in95%of Liaohe depression,hydrocarbon reservoirs have been discovered to distribute in the favorable accumulation zones with four elements,i.e.,source kitchen(S),reservoir facies(D),cap rocks(C)and low potential area(P).More reservoirs with greater reserves found in the regions with higher accumulation probability reflect the scientificity and reliability of hydrocarbon distribution mode controlled by functional element assemblages.
引文
[1]谢文彦,姜建群,张占文,等.大民屯凹陷油气系统研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2004,31(2):38-42.Xie Wenyan,Jiang Jianqun,Zhang Zhanwen et al.The petroleum system in the Damintun Sag,Liaohe Oilfield[J].Petroleum Ex-ploration and Development,2004,31(2):38-42.
[2]孟卫工.断陷盆地复杂斜坡带油气分布与成藏规律研究[D].成都:西南石油大学,2006.Meng Weigong.The research on distribution and formation regularity of oil&gas pool in the complicated slope of faulted basin[D].Chengdu:Southwest Petroleum University,2006.
[3]孟卫工,陈振岩,李湃,等.潜山油气藏勘探理论与实践——以辽河坳陷为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(2):136-143.Meng Weigong,Chen Zhenyan,Li Pai,et al.Exploration theories and practices of buried-hill reservoirs:a case from Liaohe Depression[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2009,36(2):136-143.
[4]胡朝元.生油区控制油气田分布—中国东部陆相盆地进行区域勘探的有效理论[J].石油学报,1982,3(2):9-13.Hu Chaoyuan.Source bed controls hydrocarbon habitat in continental basins,east China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1982,3(2):9-13.
[5]胡朝元.“源控论”适用范围量化分析[J].天然气工业,2005,25(10):1-3.Hu Chaoyuan.Research on the appliance extent of“source control theory”by semi-quantitative statistics characteristics of oil and gas migration distances[J].Natural Gas Industry,2005,25(10):1-3.
[6]Perrodon A.Petroleum systems:models and applications[J].Journal of Petroleum Geology,1992,15(2):319-325.
[7]Magoon L B.Petroleum systems of the United States[M].Washingtong D.C.:US Geological Survey Bulletin,1988.
[8]Magoon L B,Dow W G.The petroleum system from source to trap[J].AAPG Memoir,1994,60:3-23.
[9]Sarmiento L F,Rangel A.Petroleum systems of the Upper Magdalena Valley,Colombia[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2004,21(3):373-391.
[10]Huvaz O,Sarikaya H,Islk T.Petroleum systems and hydrocarbon potential analysis of the northwestern Uralsk basin,NW Kazakhstan by utilizing 3D basin modeling methods[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2007,24(4):247-275.
[11]Doust H,Noble R A..Petroleum systems of Indonesia[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2008,25(2):103-129.
[12]费琪.“成油体系”分析[J].地学前缘,1995,2(3/4):163-170.Fei Qi.Petroleum system analysis[J].Earth Science Fronitiers,1995,2(3/4):163-170.
[13]赵文智,何登发.含油气系统理论在油气勘探中的应用[J].勘探家,1996,1(2):12-19.Zhao Wenzhi,He Dengfa.Application of petroleum system in petroleum exploration[J].Explorationist,1996,1(2):12-19.
[14]窦立荣,李伟,方向.中国陆相含油气系统的成因类型及分布特征[J].石油勘探与开发,1996,23(1):1-6.Dou Lirong,Li Wei,Fang Xiang.Genetic classification and distribution characteristics of continental petroleum system in China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,1996,23(1):1-6.
[15]金之钧,张一伟,王捷,等.油气成藏机理与分布规律[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003:10-121.Jin Zhijun,Zhang Yiwei,Wang Jie,et al.The mechanism and distribution law of hydrocarbon accumulation[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2003:10-121.
[16]庞雄奇,周新源,姜振学,等.叠合盆地油气藏形成、演化与预测评价[J].地质学报,2012,86(1):1-103.Pang Xiongqi,Zhou Xinyuan,Jiang Zhenxue,et al.Hydrocarbon reservoirs formation,evolution,prediction and evaluation in the superimposed basins[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2012,86(1):1-103.
[17]庞雄奇.油气分布门限与成藏区带预测[M].北京:科学出版社,2015.Pang Xiongqi.Hydrocarbon distribution threshold and accumulation area prediction[M].Beijing:Science Press,2015.
[18]田涛.辽河坳陷地质结构与油气富集差异性研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2012.Tian Tao.The geological structure and hydrocarbon accumulation difference research in Liaohe Subbasin[D].Qingdao:China University of Petroleum(East China),2012.
[19]李建华,宋兵,庞雄奇,等.大民屯凹陷源控油气作用及有利勘探区带预测[J].科技导报,2011,29(30):18-23.Li Jianhua,Song Bing,Pang Xiongqi et al.Hydrocarbon-controlling function of source rock and prediction of favorable exploration zone in the Damintun Depression[J].Science&Technology Review,2011,29(30):18-23.
[20]姜建群,张占文,李军,等.大民屯凹陷油气运聚史研究[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2005,35(3):326-331.Jiang Jianqun,Zhang Zhanwen,Li Jun,et al.The study on hydrocarbon migration and accumulation history in Damintun Depression[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2005,35(3):326-331.
[21]姜建群,宋力波,董慧娟.大民屯凹陷油气充注史研究[J].西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,2008,23(2):24-28.Jiang Jianqun,Song Libo,Dong Huijuan.A study on the hydrocarbon filling history of Damintun Depression[J].Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University:Natural Science Edition,2008,23(2):24-28.
[22]黄海平,李虹,马刊创,等.大民屯凹陷高蜡油的形成条件[J].石油与天然气地质,2001,22(1):64-67.Huang Haiping,Li Hong,Ma Kanchuang,et al.Formation condition of high wax oils in Damintun Sag[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2001,22(1):64-67.
[23]谢文彦,姜建群,张占文,等.辽河盆地大民屯凹陷油气性质及成因机制研究[J].石油实验地质,2004,26(3):292-297.Xie Wenyan,Jiang Jianqun,Zhang Zhanwen,et al.Petroleum characteristics and formation mechanism in the Damintun Sag of the Liaohe Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2004,26(3):292-297.
[24]谢文彦,姜建群,张占文,等.大民屯凹陷高蜡油成因及分布规律[J].石油学报,2007,28(2):57-61.Xie Wenyan,Jiang Jianqun,Zhang Zhanwen,et al.Origin and distribution of high waxy oil in Damintun Sag[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(2):57-61.
[25]史建南,郝芳,姜建群.大民屯凹陷高蜡油成藏机理研究[J].沉积学报,2005,23(3):548-553.Shi Jiannan,Hao Fang,Jiang Jianqun.Study on high wax oil accumulation mechanism in Damintun Depression[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2005,23(3):548-553.
[26]戴金星,宋岩,张厚福.中国大中型气田形成的主要控制因素[J].中国科学(D辑),1996,26(6):481-487.Dai Jinxing,Song Yan,Zhang Houfu.Main factors controlling the foundation of medium-giant gas fields in China[J].Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,1997,40(1):1-10.
[27]庞雄奇.地质过程定量模拟[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003.Pang Xiongqi.Quantitative stimulation of geological process[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2003.
[28]冯增昭.沉积岩石学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993.Feng Zengzhao.Sedimentary petrology[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1993.
[29]Hindle A D.Petroleum migration pathways and charge concentration:a three dimensional model[J].AAPG Bulletin,1997,81(9):1451-1481.
[30]Davis R W.Analysis of hydrodynamic factors in petroleum migration and entrapment[J].AAPG Bulletin,1987,71(6):643-649.
[31]Jiang Z X,Yang H J,Li Z,et al.Differences of hydrocarbon enrichment between the upper and the lower structural layers in the Tazhong Paleouplift[J].Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition),2010,84(5):1116-1127.
[32]Law B E,Ulmishek G F,Slavin VI.Abnormal pressure in Hydrocarbon environments[J].AAPG Memoir,1998,70:1-11.
[33]Roberts S J,Nunn J A,Cathles L,et al.Expulsion of abnormally pressured fluid along faults[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1996,101(B12):28231-28252.
[34]Hunt J M,Whelan J K,Eglinton L B,et al.Gas generation:a major cause of deep gulf coast overpressures[J].Oil&Gas Journal,1994,92(29):59-62.
[35]Hunt J M.Generation and migration of petroleum from abnormally pressured fluid compartments[J].AAPG Bulletin,1990,74(1):1-12.
[36]Dahlberg E C.Applied hydrodynamics in petroleum exploration[M].New York:Springer-Verlag,1982:1-171.
[37]郝芳,邹华耀,倪建华,等.沉积盆地超压系统演化与深层油气成藏条件[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2002,27(5):610-615.Hao Fang,Zou Huayao,Ni Jianhua,et al.Evolution of overpressured systems in sedimentary basins and conditions for deep oil/gas accumulation[J].Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geosciences,2002,27(5):610-615.
[38]李建华,庞雄奇,宋兵等.岩性油气藏分布区定量预测新方法—以大民屯凹陷为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2011,38(6):756-763.Li Jianhua,Pang Xiongqi,Song Bing,et al.A new quantitative prediction method for lithologic reservoirs distribution:A case from the Damintun Sag[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2011,38(6):756-763.
[39]庞雄奇,朱伟林,吕修祥,等.渤海湾盆地东部油气门限控藏研究与有利成藏区预测评价[J].石油学报,2015,36(增刊2):1-18.Pang Xiongqi,Zhu Weilin,Lv Xiuxiang,et al.A study on hydrocarbon thresholds controlling reservoir accumulation and predictive evaluation of favorable accumulation areas in eastern Bohai Bay Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(S2):1-18.