东营凹陷古近系浅层稠油油藏封堵机制
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摘要
东营凹陷古近系浅层稠油油藏封堵机制认识不清的问题已成为制约下步油气勘探的关键。以永北鼻状构造沙三上亚段稠油为例,根据研究区三维地震、测录井、钻井岩心、岩石薄片、物性测试及试油资料,结合埋藏史及流体包裹体显微荧光分析,对古近系浅层稠油油藏的封堵机制进行研究。结果表明:沙三上亚段稠油主要紧邻不整合面发育,风化黏土层可作为稠油垂向封堵层;扇三角洲平原以泥石流沉积为主,与扇三角洲前缘存在物性分异,对扇三角洲前缘稠油具有侧向物性封堵作用;大气淡水的破坏使早期原油发生稠化,在10000 m Pa·s原油黏度范围之外形成稠油封堵带或沥青带,可以侧向封堵下倾方向的原油;浅层稠油成藏过程划分原始地层沉积、早期原油充注、早期原油稠化、晚期原油充注4个阶段;沙三上亚段稠油油藏发育"两期油气充注、多重封堵机制、油藏分带展布"的成藏模式,早期低熟油发生稠化形成稠油或沥青,晚期成熟的稀油与早期稠油部分混合,由扇三角洲平原向扇三角洲前缘依次展布沥青带、混合带、稀油带。
The sealing mechanism of the heavy oil reservoir in shallow palaeogene formation of the Dongying sag has not been addressed clearly,which has become a key factor impeding further oil and petroleum exploration in the area. Taking the heavy oil reservoir of the Es3 sformation in the Yongbei nose-like structure as an example,its sealing mechanism was systematically studied combining 3 D-seismic interpretation,well logging analysis,cores and thin sections observation,physical properties analysis and oil testing,as well as burial history and fluorescence of fluid inclusion analyses. The results suggest that the heavy oil reservoir is mainly distributed under the unconformity surface,and the weathered clay rock could act as a vertical sealing layer. Mainly composed of debris flow sediments,the fan delta plain could seal the heavy oil developed in the fan delta front on account of the physical properties difference between overlying subfacies. With destruction of meteoric water leading to thickening of the earlier oil,a sealing belt composed of heavy oil or asphalt,whose viscosity exceeds 10000 m Pa·s,could seal oil downdip. The process to form heavy oil reservoir is divided into four periods,including deposition of original formation,charging of early oil,thickening of earlier oil,and charging of later oil. The accumulation model of the heavy oil reservoir is built accordingly. The earlier low-mature oil is thickened to form heavy oil or asphalt,then,the later mature oil or thin oil charges to mix with the foregoing thickened oil partially,leading to the distribution of asphalt belt,mixing belt,and thin oil belt from fan delta plain to front,respectively.
The sealing mechanism of the heavy oil reservoir in shallow palaeogene formation of the Dongying sag has not been addressed clearly,which has become a key factor impeding further oil and petroleum exploration in the area. Taking the heavy oil reservoir of the Es3 sformation in the Yongbei nose-like structure as an example,its sealing mechanism was systematically studied combining 3 D-seismic interpretation,well logging analysis,cores and thin sections observation,physical properties analysis and oil testing,as well as burial history and fluorescence of fluid inclusion analyses. The results suggest that the heavy oil reservoir is mainly distributed under the unconformity surface,and the weathered clay rock could act as a vertical sealing layer. Mainly composed of debris flow sediments,the fan delta plain could seal the heavy oil developed in the fan delta front on account of the physical properties difference between overlying subfacies. With destruction of meteoric water leading to thickening of the earlier oil,a sealing belt composed of heavy oil or asphalt,whose viscosity exceeds 10000 m Pa·s,could seal oil downdip. The process to form heavy oil reservoir is divided into four periods,including deposition of original formation,charging of early oil,thickening of earlier oil,and charging of later oil. The accumulation model of the heavy oil reservoir is built accordingly. The earlier low-mature oil is thickened to form heavy oil or asphalt,then,the later mature oil or thin oil charges to mix with the foregoing thickened oil partially,leading to the distribution of asphalt belt,mixing belt,and thin oil belt from fan delta plain to front,respectively.
引文
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[12]高长海,查明.大港油田埕北断阶带不整合与油气运聚[J].岩性油气藏,2010,22(1):37-42.GAO Changhai,ZHA Ming.Unconformity surface and hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in Chengbei fault step belt of Dagang Oilfield[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2010,22(1):37-42.
[13]刘鑫金,宋国奇,刘惠民,等.东营凹陷北部陡坡带砂砾岩油藏类型及序列模式[J].油气地质与采收率,2012,19(5):20-23.LIU Xinjin,SONG Guoqi,LIU Huimin,et al.Study of conglomerate reservoir types and distribution in north slope zone,Dongying Depression[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2012,19(5):20-23.
[14]MENCHER E,FICHTER J H,RENZ H H,et al.Geology of Venezuela and its oil fields[J].AAPG Bulletin,1953,37(4):690-777.
[15]吴孔友,洪梅,聂振荣,等.乌夏断裂带侏罗系油气成藏主控因素[J].新疆石油地质,2007,28(4):434-436.WU Kongyou,HONG Mei,NIE Zhenrong,et al.The key factor of Jurassic hydrocarbon accumulation in Wuxia fault belt,Junggar Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2007,28(4):434-436.
[16]白振华.准噶尔盆地乌夏地区稠油稠变过程及成藏特征[J].特种油气藏,2009,16(1):42-45.BAI Zhenhua.Heavy oil thickening and accumulation characteristics in Wuxia area of Junggar Basin[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2009,16(1):42-45.
[17]姜在兴.沉积学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003:36-38.
[18]丁晓琪,韩玫梅,张哨楠,等.大气淡水在碎屑岩次生孔隙中的作用[J].地质论评,2014,60(1):145-156.DING Xiaoqi,HAN Meimei,ZHANG Shaonan,et al.Roles of meteoric water on secondary porosity of siliciclastic reservoir[J].Geological Review,2014,60(1):145-156.
[19]KEVIN P.Diagenesis of lower Jurassic sandstone,block211/13(Penguin area),UK northern north sea[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,1995,12(2):219-228.
[20]康志勇.辽河油区稠油分类及其储量等级划分[J].特种油气藏,1996,32(2):7-12.KANG Zhiyong.Heavy oil classification and its reserves classification in Liaohe oil province[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,1996,32(2):7-12.
[21]蒋有录,刘华,张乐,等.东营凹陷油气成藏期分析[J].石油与天然气地质,2003,24(3):215-218.JIANG Youlu,LIU Hua,ZHANG Le,et al.Analysis of petroleum accumulation phase in Dongying Sag[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2003,24(3):215-218.
[22]刘德汉,肖贤明,田辉,等.含油气盆地中流体包裹体类型及其地质意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2008,29(4):492-502.LIU Dehan,XIAO Xianming,TIAN Hui,et al.Fluid inclusion types and their geological significance in petroliferous basins[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2008,29(4):492-502.
[23]姜振学,李峰,李卓.利用石油包裹体烃组分信息恢复塔中地区油气成藏过程[J].现代地质,2013,27(5):1193-1201.JIANG Zhenxue,LI Feng,LI Zhuo,et al.Applying molecular compositions of inclusion data to restore hydrocarbon charge history in the Tazhong area[J].Geoscience,2013,27(5):1193-1201.
[24]MECLEON G,JONES M.Petroleum fluid inclusion research[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimea Acta,1996,57:4513-4519.
[25]陈红汉.单个油包裹体显微荧光特性与热成熟度评价[J].石油学报,2014,35(3):584-589.CHEN Honghan.Microspectrofluorimetric characterization and thermal maturity assessment of individual oil inclusion[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(3):584-589.
[2]王兴谋,张云银,张明振,等.关于济阳坳陷浅层气藏与稠油油藏联合勘探的思考[J].油气地质与采收率,2014,21(5):14-17.WANG Xingmou,ZHANG Yunyin,ZHANG Mingzhen,et al.An approach of exploring shallow gas and heavy oil in Jiyang depression based on their paragenetic relationship[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2014,21(5):14-17.
[3]冯有良,周海民,任建业,等.渤海湾盆地东部古近系层序地层及其对构造活动的响应[J].中国科学(地球科学),2010,40(10):1356-1376.FENG Youliang,ZHOU Haimin,REN Jianye,et al.Palaeogene sequence stratigraphy in the east of the Bohai Bay Basin and its response to structural movement(in Chinese)[J].Scientia Sinica(Terrae),2010,40(10):1356-1376.
[4]隋风贵,王学军,卓勤功,等.陆相断陷盆地地层油藏勘探现状与研究方向:以济阳坳陷为例[J].油气地质与采收率,2007,14(1):1-6.SUI Fenggui,WANG Xuejun,ZHUO Qingong,et al.Current exploration situation and research trend of stratigraphic reservoirs in continental fault basin:taking Jiyang Depression as an example[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2007,14(1):1-6.
[5]朱光有,金强,戴金星,等.东营凹陷油气成藏期次及其分布规律研究[J].石油与天然气地质,2004,25(2):215-218.ZHU Guangyou,JIN Qiang,DAI Jinxing,et al.A study on periods of hydrocarbon accumulation and distribution pattern of oil and gas pools in Dongying Depression[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2004,25(2):215-218.
[6]张阳,邱隆伟,李际,等.基于模糊C均值地震属性聚类的沉积相分析[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2015,39(4):53-61.ZHANG Yang,QIU Longwei,LI Ji,et al.Sedimentary facies analysis based on cluster of seismic attributes by fuzzy C-means algorithm[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2015,39(4):53-61.
[7]于连东.世界稠油资源的分布及其开采技术的现状与展望[J].特种油气藏,2001,8(2):98-103.YU Liandong.Distribution of world heavy oil reserves and its recovery technologies and future[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2001,8(2):98-103.
[8]程付启,宋国奇,王永诗,等.一种定量描述油气分布及富集程度的方法[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2016,40(1):35-41.CHENG Fuqi,SONG Guoqi,WANG Yongshi,et al.A method for quantitatively describing oil-gas distribution and enrichment[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2016,40(1):35-41.
[9]姜在兴.沉积学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003:13-14.
[10]邹才能,侯连华,杨帆,等.碎屑岩风化壳结构及油气地质意义[J].中国科学(地球科学),2014,44(12):2652-2664.ZOU Caineng,HOU Lianhua,YANG Fan,et al.Structure of weathered clastic crust and its petroleum potential[J].Scientia Sinica(Terrae),2014,44(12):2652-2664.
[11]曲江秀,查明,田辉,等.准噶尔盆地北三台地区不整合与油气成藏[J].新疆石油地质,2003,24(5):386-388.QU Jiangxiu,ZHA Ming,TIAN Hui,et al.Unconformities and hydrocarbon accumulation in Beisantai area,Junggar Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2003,24(5):386-388.
[12]高长海,查明.大港油田埕北断阶带不整合与油气运聚[J].岩性油气藏,2010,22(1):37-42.GAO Changhai,ZHA Ming.Unconformity surface and hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in Chengbei fault step belt of Dagang Oilfield[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2010,22(1):37-42.
[13]刘鑫金,宋国奇,刘惠民,等.东营凹陷北部陡坡带砂砾岩油藏类型及序列模式[J].油气地质与采收率,2012,19(5):20-23.LIU Xinjin,SONG Guoqi,LIU Huimin,et al.Study of conglomerate reservoir types and distribution in north slope zone,Dongying Depression[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2012,19(5):20-23.
[14]MENCHER E,FICHTER J H,RENZ H H,et al.Geology of Venezuela and its oil fields[J].AAPG Bulletin,1953,37(4):690-777.
[15]吴孔友,洪梅,聂振荣,等.乌夏断裂带侏罗系油气成藏主控因素[J].新疆石油地质,2007,28(4):434-436.WU Kongyou,HONG Mei,NIE Zhenrong,et al.The key factor of Jurassic hydrocarbon accumulation in Wuxia fault belt,Junggar Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2007,28(4):434-436.
[16]白振华.准噶尔盆地乌夏地区稠油稠变过程及成藏特征[J].特种油气藏,2009,16(1):42-45.BAI Zhenhua.Heavy oil thickening and accumulation characteristics in Wuxia area of Junggar Basin[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2009,16(1):42-45.
[17]姜在兴.沉积学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003:36-38.
[18]丁晓琪,韩玫梅,张哨楠,等.大气淡水在碎屑岩次生孔隙中的作用[J].地质论评,2014,60(1):145-156.DING Xiaoqi,HAN Meimei,ZHANG Shaonan,et al.Roles of meteoric water on secondary porosity of siliciclastic reservoir[J].Geological Review,2014,60(1):145-156.
[19]KEVIN P.Diagenesis of lower Jurassic sandstone,block211/13(Penguin area),UK northern north sea[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,1995,12(2):219-228.
[20]康志勇.辽河油区稠油分类及其储量等级划分[J].特种油气藏,1996,32(2):7-12.KANG Zhiyong.Heavy oil classification and its reserves classification in Liaohe oil province[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,1996,32(2):7-12.
[21]蒋有录,刘华,张乐,等.东营凹陷油气成藏期分析[J].石油与天然气地质,2003,24(3):215-218.JIANG Youlu,LIU Hua,ZHANG Le,et al.Analysis of petroleum accumulation phase in Dongying Sag[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2003,24(3):215-218.
[22]刘德汉,肖贤明,田辉,等.含油气盆地中流体包裹体类型及其地质意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2008,29(4):492-502.LIU Dehan,XIAO Xianming,TIAN Hui,et al.Fluid inclusion types and their geological significance in petroliferous basins[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2008,29(4):492-502.
[23]姜振学,李峰,李卓.利用石油包裹体烃组分信息恢复塔中地区油气成藏过程[J].现代地质,2013,27(5):1193-1201.JIANG Zhenxue,LI Feng,LI Zhuo,et al.Applying molecular compositions of inclusion data to restore hydrocarbon charge history in the Tazhong area[J].Geoscience,2013,27(5):1193-1201.
[24]MECLEON G,JONES M.Petroleum fluid inclusion research[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimea Acta,1996,57:4513-4519.
[25]陈红汉.单个油包裹体显微荧光特性与热成熟度评价[J].石油学报,2014,35(3):584-589.CHEN Honghan.Microspectrofluorimetric characterization and thermal maturity assessment of individual oil inclusion[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(3):584-589.