脱叶催熟剂用量对不同棉花品种脱叶效果及产量构成与品质的影响
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摘要
[目的]探明河北棉区脱叶催熟剂适宜用量,为棉花机械化收获提供理论依据。[方法]试验采用裂区设计,3次重复,主因素为棉花品种,选用冀228和327品系,副因素为脱叶催熟剂用量,设置噻苯隆300g·hm~(-2)+乙烯利2 400g·hm~(-2)(T1)、噻苯隆600g·hm~(-2)+乙烯利2 400g·hm~(-2)(T2)、噻苯隆900g·hm~(-2)+乙烯利2 400g·hm~(-2)(T3)共3个用量梯度,以喷施清水为对照(CK),分别于2017年和2018年喷施10d、20d后调查脱叶率、吐絮率,收获期测定吐絮铃单铃重、衣分、纤维品质与籽棉产量。[结果]随脱叶剂噻苯隆用量增加,脱叶率显著提高(2018年327系除外),其中T2与T3喷施20d后脱叶率均超过90%(T2处理2017年冀228除外),达到机采要求;但噻苯隆不同用量对吐絮率、单铃重及籽棉产量等影响不显著。不同年份间脱叶催熟效果差异较大,迟发晚熟年份(2017年)脱叶效果较差,但催熟效果明显,冀228与327系棉花产量分别提高4.5%～11.0%和4.4%～12.4%,早发早熟年份(2018年)脱叶效果较好,但棉花产量有所降低;327系对脱叶催熟剂敏感性高于冀228,2年结果趋势一致。[结论]脱叶催熟剂的用量需综合考虑喷施时棉花本身所处的生理状态,对于早熟品种、早发年份噻苯隆用量600g·hm~(-2),晚熟品种、晚发年份噻苯隆用量900g·hm~(-2),配合乙烯利2 400g·hm~(-2)使用,可达到较好的脱叶催熟效果,满足机采需求。
[Objective]The study was performed to identify the optimal field application rates of defoliant/ripener combination in mechanical harvest field in Hebei cotton production areas.[Methods]The field trails were conducted in 2017 and 2018 with a split-plot experimental design in which two cotton varieties(Ji 228 and line 327)and three application rates were selected as the treatment factors at first and second levels of randomization,respectively.The involved three application rates were thidiaauron 300 g·hm~(-2)+ethrel 2400 g·hm~(-2)(T1),thidiaauron 600 g·hm~(-2)+ethrel 2400 g·hm~(-2)(T2),and thidiaauron 900 g·hm~(-2)+ethrel 2 400 g·hm~(-2)(T3),and the application of tape water served as control treatment(CK).The effects of defoliant/ripener at different application rates were determined by measuring both defoliation and boll opening ratios after ten and twenty days post-treatment,and boll weight,lint percentage,cotton yield,and fiber quality were assessed at harvest stage.[Results]The defoliation ratio of crops positively reacted to the increase of thidiaauron amounts in all treatments except the treatment of line 327 in 2018,and the defoliation ratio both T2 and T3 treatments were exceeded 90%in 2017 and 2018 except Ji 228 in T2 treatment in 2017,which reached the requirement of mechanical harvest.The different application rates of thidiaauron didn′t produce significant effects on the boll opening ratio,boll weight,and seed cotton yield.The effectiveness of defoliant/ripener varied in different years.In the year of cotton developing later(2017),the effects of defoliation were lower than expected but the effects of ripening were better,and the seed cotton yield was increased by 4.5～11.0%and 4.4～12.4%for Ji228 and line 327,respectively;while in the year of cotton developing earlier(2018),the effects of defoliant were better but the cotton yield was decreased.Line 327 was less sensitive to the defoliant/ripener than Ji228 in both two years.[Conclusion]The optimal application rate of defoliant/ripener was influenced by the cotton development conditions.For early mature varieties or in the year of cotton developing earlier,the suitable application rate of thidiaauron were at 600 g·hm~(-2),but for late mature varieties or in the year of cotton developing later,the application rate of thidiaauron should be increased to 900 g·hm~(-2) coupled with ethrel 2 400 g·hm~(-2),which could produce good defoliation ratio and meet the requirement of mechanical harvest.
[Objective]The study was performed to identify the optimal field application rates of defoliant/ripener combination in mechanical harvest field in Hebei cotton production areas.[Methods]The field trails were conducted in 2017 and 2018 with a split-plot experimental design in which two cotton varieties(Ji 228 and line 327)and three application rates were selected as the treatment factors at first and second levels of randomization,respectively.The involved three application rates were thidiaauron 300 g·hm~(-2)+ethrel 2400 g·hm~(-2)(T1),thidiaauron 600 g·hm~(-2)+ethrel 2400 g·hm~(-2)(T2),and thidiaauron 900 g·hm~(-2)+ethrel 2 400 g·hm~(-2)(T3),and the application of tape water served as control treatment(CK).The effects of defoliant/ripener at different application rates were determined by measuring both defoliation and boll opening ratios after ten and twenty days post-treatment,and boll weight,lint percentage,cotton yield,and fiber quality were assessed at harvest stage.[Results]The defoliation ratio of crops positively reacted to the increase of thidiaauron amounts in all treatments except the treatment of line 327 in 2018,and the defoliation ratio both T2 and T3 treatments were exceeded 90%in 2017 and 2018 except Ji 228 in T2 treatment in 2017,which reached the requirement of mechanical harvest.The different application rates of thidiaauron didn′t produce significant effects on the boll opening ratio,boll weight,and seed cotton yield.The effectiveness of defoliant/ripener varied in different years.In the year of cotton developing later(2017),the effects of defoliation were lower than expected but the effects of ripening were better,and the seed cotton yield was increased by 4.5～11.0%and 4.4～12.4%for Ji228 and line 327,respectively;while in the year of cotton developing earlier(2018),the effects of defoliant were better but the cotton yield was decreased.Line 327 was less sensitive to the defoliant/ripener than Ji228 in both two years.[Conclusion]The optimal application rate of defoliant/ripener was influenced by the cotton development conditions.For early mature varieties or in the year of cotton developing earlier,the suitable application rate of thidiaauron were at 600 g·hm~(-2),but for late mature varieties or in the year of cotton developing later,the application rate of thidiaauron should be increased to 900 g·hm~(-2) coupled with ethrel 2 400 g·hm~(-2),which could produce good defoliation ratio and meet the requirement of mechanical harvest.
引文
[1]喻树迅,张雷,冯文娟.快乐植棉-中国棉花生产的发展方向[J].棉花学报,2015,27(3):283-290.
[2]陈晨,石晶.新疆生产建设兵团少数民族棉农采用机采棉的意愿影响因素与存在问题[J].贵州农业科学,2016,44(2):195-198.
[3]赵峰.兵团机采棉发展背景、现状与发展前景[J].新疆农垦经济,2011(1):40-41.
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[6]杨欣,王建合,杨淑华,等.京津冀棉花种植机械化发展建议与配套机具研发[J].农业工程,2015,5(6):1-5,9.
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[8]马辉,戴路,李静,等.棉花脱叶催熟剂综合性状效果试验研究[J].中国棉花,2013,40(4):15-17.
[9]赵永林,朱家驹,张照明,等.机采棉脱叶剂使用技术及影响脱叶效果因素[J].新疆农机化,2004(6):56-57.
[10]张舒,许凌风,朱秋珍,等.40%乙烯利EC对棉花的催熟效应[J].湖北农业科学,2006,45(5):602-603.
[11]樊庆鲁,陈云,陈冠文,等.不同配方棉花脱叶与催熟应用技术研究[J].新疆农业科学,2010,47(12):2390-2396.
[12]雷斌,张云生,李忠华,等.棉花脱叶剂的田间效果筛选[J].新疆农业科学,2011,48(12):2321-2324.
[13]马艳,彭军,崔金杰,等.几种脱叶催熟剂在棉花上的应用效果研究[J].中国棉花,2009,36(9):29-31.
[14]樊翠芹,王贵启,苏立军,等.50%噻苯隆在棉田的应用效果及气候因素的影响[J].河北农业科学,2007,11(1):51-54.
[15]袁传卫,姜兴印.50%噻苯隆可湿性粉剂对棉花综合性状的方差及灰色关联度分析[J].现代农药,2014,13(1):22-26.
[16]高丽丽,李淦,徐新霞,等.4种棉花脱叶剂脱叶效果的比较研究[J].新疆农业大学学报,2016,39(1):35-39.
[17]李彤,杨中旭,李秋芝,等.鲁西棉区不同脱叶剂在棉花上的应用研究[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(23):59-60,63.
[18]杨涛,孙建船,詹有俊,等.2种脱叶剂在河西走廊棉花上的应用效果[J].中国棉花,2015,42(3):10-13.
[19]王文敏,田景山,张煦怡,等.棉花喷施脱叶剂对棉铃蔗糖代谢影响及与纤维比强度的关系[J].新疆农业科学,2016,53(9):1580-1586.
[20]王希,杜明伟,田晓莉,等.黄河流域棉区棉花脱叶催熟剂的筛选研究[J].中国棉花,2015,42(5):15-21.
[21]王香茹,候玉茹,杜明伟,等.地点、播期和品种对黄河流域棉区棉花脱叶催熟剂应用效果的影响[J].中国棉花,2017,44(1):6-12.
[22]王宗文,高明伟,李洪田,等.不同棉花品种适宜机采性状比较研究[J].山东农业科学,2017,49(11):24-28.
[23]樊翠芹,王贵启,苏立军,等.50%噻苯隆在棉田的应用效果及气候因素的影响[J].河北农业科学,2007,11(1):51-54.
[2]陈晨,石晶.新疆生产建设兵团少数民族棉农采用机采棉的意愿影响因素与存在问题[J].贵州农业科学,2016,44(2):195-198.
[3]赵峰.兵团机采棉发展背景、现状与发展前景[J].新疆农垦经济,2011(1):40-41.
[4]王志坚,徐红.新疆机采棉的调研与发展建议[J].中国棉花,2011,38(6):10-14.
[5]李悦有,翟黎芳,卢川.河北棉区的棉花生产现状及发展策略分析[J].棉花科学,2016,38(3):8-13.
[6]杨欣,王建合,杨淑华,等.京津冀棉花种植机械化发展建议与配套机具研发[J].农业工程,2015,5(6):1-5,9.
[7]陈传强,蒋帆,陈昭阳.山东省棉花机械化生产农艺模式研究[J].中国农机化学报,2014,35(5):48-52.
[8]马辉,戴路,李静,等.棉花脱叶催熟剂综合性状效果试验研究[J].中国棉花,2013,40(4):15-17.
[9]赵永林,朱家驹,张照明,等.机采棉脱叶剂使用技术及影响脱叶效果因素[J].新疆农机化,2004(6):56-57.
[10]张舒,许凌风,朱秋珍,等.40%乙烯利EC对棉花的催熟效应[J].湖北农业科学,2006,45(5):602-603.
[11]樊庆鲁,陈云,陈冠文,等.不同配方棉花脱叶与催熟应用技术研究[J].新疆农业科学,2010,47(12):2390-2396.
[12]雷斌,张云生,李忠华,等.棉花脱叶剂的田间效果筛选[J].新疆农业科学,2011,48(12):2321-2324.
[13]马艳,彭军,崔金杰,等.几种脱叶催熟剂在棉花上的应用效果研究[J].中国棉花,2009,36(9):29-31.
[14]樊翠芹,王贵启,苏立军,等.50%噻苯隆在棉田的应用效果及气候因素的影响[J].河北农业科学,2007,11(1):51-54.
[15]袁传卫,姜兴印.50%噻苯隆可湿性粉剂对棉花综合性状的方差及灰色关联度分析[J].现代农药,2014,13(1):22-26.
[16]高丽丽,李淦,徐新霞,等.4种棉花脱叶剂脱叶效果的比较研究[J].新疆农业大学学报,2016,39(1):35-39.
[17]李彤,杨中旭,李秋芝,等.鲁西棉区不同脱叶剂在棉花上的应用研究[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(23):59-60,63.
[18]杨涛,孙建船,詹有俊,等.2种脱叶剂在河西走廊棉花上的应用效果[J].中国棉花,2015,42(3):10-13.
[19]王文敏,田景山,张煦怡,等.棉花喷施脱叶剂对棉铃蔗糖代谢影响及与纤维比强度的关系[J].新疆农业科学,2016,53(9):1580-1586.
[20]王希,杜明伟,田晓莉,等.黄河流域棉区棉花脱叶催熟剂的筛选研究[J].中国棉花,2015,42(5):15-21.
[21]王香茹,候玉茹,杜明伟,等.地点、播期和品种对黄河流域棉区棉花脱叶催熟剂应用效果的影响[J].中国棉花,2017,44(1):6-12.
[22]王宗文,高明伟,李洪田,等.不同棉花品种适宜机采性状比较研究[J].山东农业科学,2017,49(11):24-28.
[23]樊翠芹,王贵启,苏立军,等.50%噻苯隆在棉田的应用效果及气候因素的影响[J].河北农业科学,2007,11(1):51-54.