油菜联合收割机双向电驱动分行竖割刀设计
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摘要
针对传统油菜联合收割机分行竖割刀存在振动大、损失率高的问题,该文设计了双向电驱动分行竖割刀装置。根据对称式双偏心轮的运动学特征和双动刀片切割油菜茎秆的力学模型,确定了传动机构和刀片的主要参数;建立了动刀切割运动轨迹方程,通过数值模拟分析不同切割速比(割刀平均速度与收割机前进速度之比)下的切割效果,以未切割率与重复切割率之和最小为约束条件,确定切割速比为1.1时切割效果最优;将双向电驱动分行竖割刀应用于4LZ-6T型油菜联合收割机并开展振动测试,仅竖割刀工作时,割台振动加速度为0.11g,为横割刀振动加速度的11%;田间试验表明,装有双向电驱动分行竖割刀的油菜联合收割机收获总损失率为6.15%,其中割台损失率为3.37%,竖割刀分行平均损失率为1.03%;在切割速比为1.08、1.63、2.40时,竖割刀的分行损失率分别为0.90%、1.04%和1.14%,在接近最优切割速比1.1时,竖割刀分行损失率最小为0.90%,相较另外2种切割速比,竖割刀分行损失率分别减小了13.5%和26.7%。该研究和设计可为油菜割台结构改进和降低油菜联合收割机收获损失提供参考。
The side vertical cutter of the rape combine harvester header is generally composed of a moving blade and a fixed blade which were driven by mechanical structure.This kind of cutting form and transmission structure result in high loss and strong working vibration of the rape combine harvester header.In response to the above problems,bidirectional electric driven side vertical cutter was designed.Bidirectional electric driven side vertical cutter mainly includes driving mechanism and 2 blades.The driving mechanism was composed of motor,a pair of driving gears,symmetric double eccentric wheel and 2 cranks.Symmetric double eccentric wheel mechanism was used as transmission mechanism and its kinematic characteristics were analyzed.The displacement,velocity and acceleration curves of the 2 blades had the same shape,but the phase difference was π,and the acceleration inertial forces cancel each other out,which could reduce the influence on the vibration of the header.According to the mechanical model of blade cutting rape stem,main parameters of the transmission mechanism and the blade were determined.The mechanical model of side vertical cutter cutting rapeseed stem was established.According to the mechanical condition that rape stem was clamped by blades but does not slide,the blade slip angle was determined to be 19°.Double action cutters cutting trajectory equations were established.Based on numerical simulation,the cutting effects under different cutting speed ratios(the ratio of the average speed of the cutter to the forward speed of the harvester) were compared.The relationships between missing rate,repeated rate and cutting speed ratio were fitted.Take the minimum of missing rate and repeated rate as constraint,the optimum cutting speed ratio was determined to be 1.1.Bidirectional electric driven side vertical cutter was applied to 4 LZ-6 T rapeseed combine harvester.Header vibration test showed that header vibration acceleration was 0.11 g when only the side vertical cutter working.When the cross cutter and side vertical cutter working at the same time,the vibration acceleration of the header was 1.09 g,which was only 0.08 g higher than that of the cross cutter working.Field tests showed that the total loss rate of rapeseed combine harvester equipped with bidirectional electric driven side vertical cutter was 6.15%,among which the loss rate of the header was 3.37%,and the loss rate of the side vertical cutter was 1.03%.When the cutting speed ratio were 1.08,1.63,2.40,the siding loss rate of vertical cutter were 0.90%,1.04%,1.14%,respectively.When cutting speed ratio was close to the optimal value 1.1,siding loss rate of vertical cutter was 0.90%,which was 13.5% and 26.7% lower than that of the other 2 cutting speed ratios,appropriate cutting speed ratio could effectively reduce the siding loss.This study can provide the basis for the improvement of rapeseed headers structure and the performance of rape combine harvester.
The side vertical cutter of the rape combine harvester header is generally composed of a moving blade and a fixed blade which were driven by mechanical structure.This kind of cutting form and transmission structure result in high loss and strong working vibration of the rape combine harvester header.In response to the above problems,bidirectional electric driven side vertical cutter was designed.Bidirectional electric driven side vertical cutter mainly includes driving mechanism and 2 blades.The driving mechanism was composed of motor,a pair of driving gears,symmetric double eccentric wheel and 2 cranks.Symmetric double eccentric wheel mechanism was used as transmission mechanism and its kinematic characteristics were analyzed.The displacement,velocity and acceleration curves of the 2 blades had the same shape,but the phase difference was π,and the acceleration inertial forces cancel each other out,which could reduce the influence on the vibration of the header.According to the mechanical model of blade cutting rape stem,main parameters of the transmission mechanism and the blade were determined.The mechanical model of side vertical cutter cutting rapeseed stem was established.According to the mechanical condition that rape stem was clamped by blades but does not slide,the blade slip angle was determined to be 19°.Double action cutters cutting trajectory equations were established.Based on numerical simulation,the cutting effects under different cutting speed ratios(the ratio of the average speed of the cutter to the forward speed of the harvester) were compared.The relationships between missing rate,repeated rate and cutting speed ratio were fitted.Take the minimum of missing rate and repeated rate as constraint,the optimum cutting speed ratio was determined to be 1.1.Bidirectional electric driven side vertical cutter was applied to 4 LZ-6 T rapeseed combine harvester.Header vibration test showed that header vibration acceleration was 0.11 g when only the side vertical cutter working.When the cross cutter and side vertical cutter working at the same time,the vibration acceleration of the header was 1.09 g,which was only 0.08 g higher than that of the cross cutter working.Field tests showed that the total loss rate of rapeseed combine harvester equipped with bidirectional electric driven side vertical cutter was 6.15%,among which the loss rate of the header was 3.37%,and the loss rate of the side vertical cutter was 1.03%.When the cutting speed ratio were 1.08,1.63,2.40,the siding loss rate of vertical cutter were 0.90%,1.04%,1.14%,respectively.When cutting speed ratio was close to the optimal value 1.1,siding loss rate of vertical cutter was 0.90%,which was 13.5% and 26.7% lower than that of the other 2 cutting speed ratios,appropriate cutting speed ratio could effectively reduce the siding loss.This study can provide the basis for the improvement of rapeseed headers structure and the performance of rape combine harvester.
引文
[1]Ma Ni,Zhang Chunlei,Li Jun,et al.Mechanical harvesting effects on seed yield loss,quality traits and profitability of winter oilseed rape(Brassicanapus,L.)[J].Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2012,11(8):1297-1304.
[2]Hobson R N.Seed loss when cutting a standing crop of oilseed rape with two types of combine harvester header[J].Biosystems Engineering,2002,81(3):281-286
[3]夏萍,印崧,陈黎卿,等.收获机械往复式切割器切割图的数值模拟与仿真[J].农业机械学报,2007,38(3):65-68.Xia Ping,Yin Song,Chen Liqing,et al.Numerical simulation of cutting pattern of a reciprocating cutter[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2007,38(3):65-68.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]陈翠英,王新忠,何增富.谷物联合收获机油菜收获割台的设计[J].农业机械学报,2003,34(5):54-56.Chen Cuiying,Wang Xinzhong,He Zengfu.Design of header for rape harvesting using grain combine harvester[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2003,34(5):54-56.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]宋占华,田富洋,张世福,等.空载状态下往复式棉秆切割器动力学仿真与试验[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(16):17-22.Song Zhanhua,Tian Fuyang,Zhang Shifu,et al.Simulation and experiment of reciprocating cutter dynamics of cotton stalk under no-load[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2012,28(16):17-22.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]许汝炜,王俊田.某型号收割机割刀机构及其传动部件惯性力平衡的研究[J].机械研究与应用,2015,28(1):130-132.Xu Ruwei,Wang Juntian.Research on inertia force equilibrium of cutter and transmission parts in a type of harvester[J].Mechanical Research and Application,2015,28(1):130-132.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]任述光,焦飞,吴明亮,等.油菜联合收获机结构参数对割台振动的影响[J].农机化研究,2018,40(11):38-43.Ren Shuguang,Jiao Fei,Wu Mingliang,et al.Studies of united harvest machine cutting system structure parameters on the vibration impact[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2018,40(11):38-43.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]Somchai Chuan-Udom.Development of a cutter bar driver for reduction of vibration for a rice combine harvester[J].KKU Res J,2010,15(7):572-580.
[9]陈树人,卢强,仇华铮.基于LabVIEW的谷物联合收获机割台振动测试分析[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(增刊):86-89.Chen Shuren,Lu Qiang,Qiu Huazheng.Header vibration analysis of grain combine harvester based on LabVIEW[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(Supp.):86-89.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]蔡高参,周校民,王忠.基于双曲柄滑块机构的缆线爬行机器人机构本体设计[J].机械设计,2010,27(11):24-27.Cai Gaocan,Zhou Xiaomin,Wang Zhong.Mechanical structure design based on dual-crank-slider mechanism of the cable crawling robot[J].Journal of Machine Design,2010,27(11):24-27.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]王绍清,孙钿科,于红娟,等.基于双偏心轮驱动机构基本参数的运动轨迹的分析与研究[J].机械设计与制造,2013,51(3):38-40.Wang Shaoqing,Sun Tianke,Yu Hongjuan,et al.The analysis of the trajectories based on the basic parameters of the double eccentric wheel drive mechanism[J].Machinery Design and Manufacture,2013,51(3):38-40.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]熊永森,龚永坚.全喂入联合收割机双动刀切割器设计[J].农机化研究,2007,29(10):92-94.Xiong Yongsen,Gong Yongjian.Design of double moving-blade cutter of whole-feeding combine harvester[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2007,29(10):92-94.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]陈霓,龚永坚,陈德俊,等.全喂入联合收获机双动刀切割器与驱动机构研究[J].农业机械学报,2008,39(9):60-63.Chen Ni.Gong Yongjian,Chen Junde,et al.Double knife section reciprocating cutter and drive mechanism for combine[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2008,39(9):60-63.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]张彬,李显旺,黄继承,等.苎麻联合收割机双动刀的设计与试验[J].中国农机化学报,2012,56(6):71-73.Zhang Bin,Li Xianwang,Huang Jicheng,et al.Design and experiment of ramie combine harvester with double blade cut[J].Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2012,56(6):71-73.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]徐秀英,张维强,杨和梅,等.小型牧草收获机双动切割装置设计与运动分析[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(7):156-161.Xu Xiuying,Zhang Weiqiang,Yang Hemei,et al.Design and kinematic analysis of double-acting cutting device of walk-type pasture reaper[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2011,27(7):156-161.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]刘志刚,王德成,翟改霞,等.往复式双动刀灌木收割机设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2013,44(增刊2):102-106.Liu Zhigang,Wang Decheng,Zhai Gaixia,et al.Design and experiment on reciprocating double knife shrub harvester[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2013,44(Supp.2):102-106.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]徐立章,李耀明,马朝兴,等.4LYB1-2.0型油菜联合收获机主要部件的设计[J].农业机械学报,2008,39(8):54-57.Xu Lizhang,Li Yaoming,Ma Chaoxing,et al.Design of main working parts of 4LYB1-2.0 rape combine harvester[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2008,39(8):54-58.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.中国国家标准委员会.农业机械切割器:GB/T 1209.1-2009[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009-11.
[19]吴明亮,官春云,汤楚宙,等.油菜茎秆切割力影响因素试验[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(6):141-144.Wu Mingliang,Guan Chunyun,Tang Chuzhou,et al.Experiments on influencing factors of cutting force of rape stem.[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2009,25(6):141-144.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]Petre Miu.Combine Harvesters:Theory,Modeling,and Design[M].Boca Raton:Crc Press,2015.
[21]李耀明,李有为,徐立章,等.联合收获机割台机架结构参数优化[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(18):30-37.Li Yaoming,Li Youwei,Xu Lizhang,et al.Structural parameter optimization of combine harvester cutting bench[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2014,30(18):30-37.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]中华人民共和国农业部.油菜联合收获机:DG/T 057-2011[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2011-07.
[23]中华人民共和国农业部.油菜联合收获机质量评价技术规范:NY/T 1231-2006[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006-12.
[2]Hobson R N.Seed loss when cutting a standing crop of oilseed rape with two types of combine harvester header[J].Biosystems Engineering,2002,81(3):281-286
[3]夏萍,印崧,陈黎卿,等.收获机械往复式切割器切割图的数值模拟与仿真[J].农业机械学报,2007,38(3):65-68.Xia Ping,Yin Song,Chen Liqing,et al.Numerical simulation of cutting pattern of a reciprocating cutter[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2007,38(3):65-68.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]陈翠英,王新忠,何增富.谷物联合收获机油菜收获割台的设计[J].农业机械学报,2003,34(5):54-56.Chen Cuiying,Wang Xinzhong,He Zengfu.Design of header for rape harvesting using grain combine harvester[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2003,34(5):54-56.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]宋占华,田富洋,张世福,等.空载状态下往复式棉秆切割器动力学仿真与试验[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(16):17-22.Song Zhanhua,Tian Fuyang,Zhang Shifu,et al.Simulation and experiment of reciprocating cutter dynamics of cotton stalk under no-load[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2012,28(16):17-22.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]许汝炜,王俊田.某型号收割机割刀机构及其传动部件惯性力平衡的研究[J].机械研究与应用,2015,28(1):130-132.Xu Ruwei,Wang Juntian.Research on inertia force equilibrium of cutter and transmission parts in a type of harvester[J].Mechanical Research and Application,2015,28(1):130-132.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]任述光,焦飞,吴明亮,等.油菜联合收获机结构参数对割台振动的影响[J].农机化研究,2018,40(11):38-43.Ren Shuguang,Jiao Fei,Wu Mingliang,et al.Studies of united harvest machine cutting system structure parameters on the vibration impact[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2018,40(11):38-43.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]Somchai Chuan-Udom.Development of a cutter bar driver for reduction of vibration for a rice combine harvester[J].KKU Res J,2010,15(7):572-580.
[9]陈树人,卢强,仇华铮.基于LabVIEW的谷物联合收获机割台振动测试分析[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(增刊):86-89.Chen Shuren,Lu Qiang,Qiu Huazheng.Header vibration analysis of grain combine harvester based on LabVIEW[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(Supp.):86-89.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]蔡高参,周校民,王忠.基于双曲柄滑块机构的缆线爬行机器人机构本体设计[J].机械设计,2010,27(11):24-27.Cai Gaocan,Zhou Xiaomin,Wang Zhong.Mechanical structure design based on dual-crank-slider mechanism of the cable crawling robot[J].Journal of Machine Design,2010,27(11):24-27.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]王绍清,孙钿科,于红娟,等.基于双偏心轮驱动机构基本参数的运动轨迹的分析与研究[J].机械设计与制造,2013,51(3):38-40.Wang Shaoqing,Sun Tianke,Yu Hongjuan,et al.The analysis of the trajectories based on the basic parameters of the double eccentric wheel drive mechanism[J].Machinery Design and Manufacture,2013,51(3):38-40.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]熊永森,龚永坚.全喂入联合收割机双动刀切割器设计[J].农机化研究,2007,29(10):92-94.Xiong Yongsen,Gong Yongjian.Design of double moving-blade cutter of whole-feeding combine harvester[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2007,29(10):92-94.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]陈霓,龚永坚,陈德俊,等.全喂入联合收获机双动刀切割器与驱动机构研究[J].农业机械学报,2008,39(9):60-63.Chen Ni.Gong Yongjian,Chen Junde,et al.Double knife section reciprocating cutter and drive mechanism for combine[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2008,39(9):60-63.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]张彬,李显旺,黄继承,等.苎麻联合收割机双动刀的设计与试验[J].中国农机化学报,2012,56(6):71-73.Zhang Bin,Li Xianwang,Huang Jicheng,et al.Design and experiment of ramie combine harvester with double blade cut[J].Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2012,56(6):71-73.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]徐秀英,张维强,杨和梅,等.小型牧草收获机双动切割装置设计与运动分析[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(7):156-161.Xu Xiuying,Zhang Weiqiang,Yang Hemei,et al.Design and kinematic analysis of double-acting cutting device of walk-type pasture reaper[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2011,27(7):156-161.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]刘志刚,王德成,翟改霞,等.往复式双动刀灌木收割机设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2013,44(增刊2):102-106.Liu Zhigang,Wang Decheng,Zhai Gaixia,et al.Design and experiment on reciprocating double knife shrub harvester[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2013,44(Supp.2):102-106.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]徐立章,李耀明,马朝兴,等.4LYB1-2.0型油菜联合收获机主要部件的设计[J].农业机械学报,2008,39(8):54-57.Xu Lizhang,Li Yaoming,Ma Chaoxing,et al.Design of main working parts of 4LYB1-2.0 rape combine harvester[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2008,39(8):54-58.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.中国国家标准委员会.农业机械切割器:GB/T 1209.1-2009[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009-11.
[19]吴明亮,官春云,汤楚宙,等.油菜茎秆切割力影响因素试验[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(6):141-144.Wu Mingliang,Guan Chunyun,Tang Chuzhou,et al.Experiments on influencing factors of cutting force of rape stem.[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2009,25(6):141-144.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]Petre Miu.Combine Harvesters:Theory,Modeling,and Design[M].Boca Raton:Crc Press,2015.
[21]李耀明,李有为,徐立章,等.联合收获机割台机架结构参数优化[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(18):30-37.Li Yaoming,Li Youwei,Xu Lizhang,et al.Structural parameter optimization of combine harvester cutting bench[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2014,30(18):30-37.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]中华人民共和国农业部.油菜联合收获机:DG/T 057-2011[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2011-07.
[23]中华人民共和国农业部.油菜联合收获机质量评价技术规范:NY/T 1231-2006[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006-12.