豆科绿肥覆盖还田对春玉米产量和氮素吸收利用的影响
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摘要
为探明豆科绿肥光叶紫花苕(Vicia villosa Roth var. glabrescens)覆盖还田对春玉米产量和氮素利用的影响,采用盆栽试验,测定不施氮肥(N0)、单施氮肥(N1)、豆科绿肥半量还田配施氮肥(N2)、全量还田配施氮肥(N3)处理下春玉米的产量、氮素吸收与转运、氮肥利用率以及土壤残留~(15)N的当季回收率。结果表明:绿肥覆盖还田配施氮肥处理(N2、N3)的籽粒产量和生物产量比单施氮(N1)处理的有所提高,且叶、籽粒和地上部植株氮素吸收量均显著高于N1处理的,但茎、叶氮素转运量及转运率与N1处理的无显著差异;与N1处理相比,绿肥覆盖还田配施氮肥处理显著提高或明显提高玉米氮肥利用率,但土壤残留~(15)N当季回收率(28.13%～31.43%)处理间无显著差异。2种绿肥覆盖还田处理对玉米产量、植株氮素吸收与转运、氮肥利用率和土壤残留~(15)N回收率的影响无显著差异。
To understand the effect of mulching of legume green manure(Vicia villosa Roth var. glabrescens) on the yield and nitrogen(N) utilization of spring maize, a pot experiment with 4 treatments(N0, N1, N2, N3) was conducted in Sichuan Province in China. The grain yield, biomass, N absorption and transportation, N fertilizer use efficiency of spring maize, and recovery rate of soil residual ~(15)N were measured. The results indicated that the grain yield and biomass of legume green manure mulching coupled with application of N fertilizer treatments(N2, N3) were higher than single application of N fertilizer treament(N1). The N accumulation of leaf, grain and above-groud of N2 treatment or N3 treatment were significantly higher than N1 treatment. There was no significant difference of N transportation of stem or leaf between N2 treatment or N3 treatment and N1 treatment. Compared with N1 treatment, N fertilizer use efficiency of N2 treatment or N3 treatment was significantly or obviously increased. No significant difference of recovery rate of soil residual ~(15)N was found between N2 treatment or N3 treatment and N1 treatment. The effect of two different legume green manure mulching rates on yield, N absorption and transportation, N fertilizer use efficiency of spring maize and recovery rate of soil residual ~(15)N was not significant.
To understand the effect of mulching of legume green manure(Vicia villosa Roth var. glabrescens) on the yield and nitrogen(N) utilization of spring maize, a pot experiment with 4 treatments(N0, N1, N2, N3) was conducted in Sichuan Province in China. The grain yield, biomass, N absorption and transportation, N fertilizer use efficiency of spring maize, and recovery rate of soil residual ~(15)N were measured. The results indicated that the grain yield and biomass of legume green manure mulching coupled with application of N fertilizer treatments(N2, N3) were higher than single application of N fertilizer treament(N1). The N accumulation of leaf, grain and above-groud of N2 treatment or N3 treatment were significantly higher than N1 treatment. There was no significant difference of N transportation of stem or leaf between N2 treatment or N3 treatment and N1 treatment. Compared with N1 treatment, N fertilizer use efficiency of N2 treatment or N3 treatment was significantly or obviously increased. No significant difference of recovery rate of soil residual ~(15)N was found between N2 treatment or N3 treatment and N1 treatment. The effect of two different legume green manure mulching rates on yield, N absorption and transportation, N fertilizer use efficiency of spring maize and recovery rate of soil residual ~(15)N was not significant.
引文
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[11]张久东,包兴国,王婷,等.增施绿肥与降低氮肥对小麦产量和土壤肥力的影响[J].核农学报,2011,25(5):998-1003.
[12]王建红,曹凯,张贤.紫云英还田配施化肥对单季晚稻养分利用和产量的影响[J].土壤学报,2014,51(4):888-896.
[13]赵炯平,邓小华,江智敏,等.不同绿肥翻压还土后植烟土壤主要养分动态变化[J].作物研究,2015,29(2):161-165.
[14]陈治锋,邓小华,周米良,等.秸秆和绿肥还田对烤烟光合生理指标及经济性状的影响[J].核农学报,2017,31(2):410-415.
[15]杨滨娟,黄国勤,陈洪俊,等.利于水稻氮素吸收的绿肥翻压量和施氮水平研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(5):1187-1195.
[16]高菊生,曹卫东,李冬初,等.长期双季稻绿肥轮作对水稻产量及稻田土壤有机质的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(16):4542-4548.
[17]王健波.绿肥与施氮量对稻田土壤特性和水稻产量形成的影响[D].青岛:青岛农业大学,2011.
[18]李婧.渭北旱塬两种轮作制度中绿肥的效应研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012.
[19]王峥.旱地不同种植制度中绿肥的效应研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2013.
[20]李忠义,唐红琴,蒙炎成,等.不同还田方式下拉巴豆秸秆腐解及养分释放特征[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017(2):130-135.
[21]ASTIER M,MAASS J M,ETCHEVERS-BARRA J D,et al.Short-term green manure and tillage management effects on maize yield and soil quality in an Andisol[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2006,88(1/2):153-159.
[22]王莉,王鑫,余喜初,等.长期绿肥还田对江南稻田系统生产力及抗逆性的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2012,26(1):92-100.
[23]严奉君,孙永健,马均,等.秸秆覆盖与氮肥运筹对杂交稻根系生长及氮素利用的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(1):23-35.
[24]SU W,LU J W,WANG W N,et al.Influence of rice straw mulching on seed yield and nitrogen use efficiency of winter oilseed rape(Brassica napus L.)in intensive riceoilseed rape cropping system[J].Field Crops Research,2014,159:53-61.
[25]徐国伟,吴长付,刘辉,等.麦秸还田及氮肥管理技术对水稻产量的影响[J].作物学报,2007,33(2):284-291.
[26]陈金,唐玉海,尹燕枰,等.秸秆还田条件下适量施氮对冬小麦氮素利用及产量的影响[J].作物学报,2015,41(1):160-167.
[27]徐明杰,张琳,汪新颖,等.不同管理方式对夏玉米氮素吸收、分配及去向的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(1):36-45.
[28]王小彬,蔡典雄,张镜清,等.旱地玉米N吸收及其N肥利用率研究[J].中国农业科学,2001,34(2):179-186.
[2]邱博,罗水清,陈平平,等.不同夏玉米品种产量及农艺性状分析[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,42(1):11-15.
[3]高菊生,徐明岗,董春华,等.长期稻-稻-绿肥轮作对水稻产量及土壤肥力的影响[J].作物学报,2013,39(2):343-349.
[4]曹卫东,黄鸿翔.关于我国恢复和发展绿肥若干问题的思考[J].中国土壤与肥料,2009(4):1-3.
[5]KIM S Y,GUTIERREZ J,KIM P J.Considering winter cover crop selection as green manure to control methane emission during rice cultivation in paddy soil[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2012,161:130-136.
[6]TOSTI G,BENINCASA P,FARNESELLI M,et al.Green manuring effect of pure and mixed barley-hairy vetch winter cover crops on maize and processing tomato N nutrition[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2012,43:136-146.
[7]GRAHAM P H,VANCE C P.Nitrogen fixation in perspective:an overview of research and extension needs[J].Field Crops Research,2000,65(2/3):93-106.
[8]HARDARSON G,ATKINS C.Optimising biological N2fixation by legumes in farming systems[J].Plant and Soil,2003,252(1):41-54.
[9]谢树果,韩文斌,冯文强,等.豆科绿肥对四川丘陵旱地作物的产量及经济效益初探[J].中国土壤与肥料,2010(5):82-85.
[10]杨璐,曹卫东,白金顺,等.种植翻压二月兰配施化肥对春玉米养分吸收利用的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(4):799-807.
[11]张久东,包兴国,王婷,等.增施绿肥与降低氮肥对小麦产量和土壤肥力的影响[J].核农学报,2011,25(5):998-1003.
[12]王建红,曹凯,张贤.紫云英还田配施化肥对单季晚稻养分利用和产量的影响[J].土壤学报,2014,51(4):888-896.
[13]赵炯平,邓小华,江智敏,等.不同绿肥翻压还土后植烟土壤主要养分动态变化[J].作物研究,2015,29(2):161-165.
[14]陈治锋,邓小华,周米良,等.秸秆和绿肥还田对烤烟光合生理指标及经济性状的影响[J].核农学报,2017,31(2):410-415.
[15]杨滨娟,黄国勤,陈洪俊,等.利于水稻氮素吸收的绿肥翻压量和施氮水平研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(5):1187-1195.
[16]高菊生,曹卫东,李冬初,等.长期双季稻绿肥轮作对水稻产量及稻田土壤有机质的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(16):4542-4548.
[17]王健波.绿肥与施氮量对稻田土壤特性和水稻产量形成的影响[D].青岛:青岛农业大学,2011.
[18]李婧.渭北旱塬两种轮作制度中绿肥的效应研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012.
[19]王峥.旱地不同种植制度中绿肥的效应研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2013.
[20]李忠义,唐红琴,蒙炎成,等.不同还田方式下拉巴豆秸秆腐解及养分释放特征[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017(2):130-135.
[21]ASTIER M,MAASS J M,ETCHEVERS-BARRA J D,et al.Short-term green manure and tillage management effects on maize yield and soil quality in an Andisol[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2006,88(1/2):153-159.
[22]王莉,王鑫,余喜初,等.长期绿肥还田对江南稻田系统生产力及抗逆性的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2012,26(1):92-100.
[23]严奉君,孙永健,马均,等.秸秆覆盖与氮肥运筹对杂交稻根系生长及氮素利用的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(1):23-35.
[24]SU W,LU J W,WANG W N,et al.Influence of rice straw mulching on seed yield and nitrogen use efficiency of winter oilseed rape(Brassica napus L.)in intensive riceoilseed rape cropping system[J].Field Crops Research,2014,159:53-61.
[25]徐国伟,吴长付,刘辉,等.麦秸还田及氮肥管理技术对水稻产量的影响[J].作物学报,2007,33(2):284-291.
[26]陈金,唐玉海,尹燕枰,等.秸秆还田条件下适量施氮对冬小麦氮素利用及产量的影响[J].作物学报,2015,41(1):160-167.
[27]徐明杰,张琳,汪新颖,等.不同管理方式对夏玉米氮素吸收、分配及去向的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(1):36-45.
[28]王小彬,蔡典雄,张镜清,等.旱地玉米N吸收及其N肥利用率研究[J].中国农业科学,2001,34(2):179-186.