烤烟-油菜轮作体系的钾肥效应
|
摘要
采用田间裂区试验研究不同钾肥用量对烤烟-油菜轮作体系中作物产量、钾素吸收量以及钾肥利用率和后效的影响。结果表明:烤烟季产量随着钾肥施用量的增加呈现先增加后平衡的趋势,以K450处理的烤烟产量最高,达到2 067.64 kg/hm~2,比不施钾处理显著增产261.07 kg/hm~2,与K375处理产量差异不显著。与油菜季不施钾处理相比,油菜当季施钾(K_2O)75 kg/hm~2增加油菜干物质量1 223.58~1 468.78 kg/hm~2,其中油菜籽增产244.84~345.85 kg/hm~2,钾素吸收量增加5.2%~8.4%,以K375处理最高;烤烟季钾肥当季利用率22.27%~29.08%,残留利用率为10.52%~12.63%,累积利用率为32.79%~40.09%,烤烟季残留在土壤中钾肥的后效与钾肥用量显著正相关。在烤烟-油菜轮作系统中,推荐烤烟季施钾肥K_2O 375 kg/hm~2,油菜季充分考虑烤烟季钾肥后效的基础上少施钾(K_2O)16.92~21.90 kg/hm~2,烤烟、油菜增产效果好。
A split field experiment was carried out to study the effects of different K fertilizer application rates on crop yield,K uptake,K recovery efficiency and residual efficiency under annual flue-cured tobacco-rapeseed rotation. The results showed that with the increase of the amount of potassium fertilizer,the yield of flue-cured tobacco showed a trend of increasing firstly and then being steady,and the highest yield of flue-cured tobacco was occurred at K450,which was 2 067. 64 kg/hm~2,and it was 261. 07 kg/hm~2 more than that with no potassium treatment,and there was no significant difference with K375 treatment. Compared with the treatment of no potassium fertilizer in rape season,the content of rape dry matter was increased by1 223. 58 ~ 1 468. 78 kg/hm~2,the rape yield 244. 84 ~ 345. 85 kg/hm~2 and potassium element absorption quantity increased by5. 2% ~ 8. 4% when the season was applied with K_2O 75 kg/hm~2 potassium,and it was the highest with K375 treatment. The utilization rate of potassium fertilizer was 22. 27% ~ 29. 08%,the residue utilization rate was 10. 52% ~ 12. 63%,and the cumulative utilization rate was 32. 79% ~ 40. 09%. The residual efficiency and potassium fertilizer applied amount was significantly positive related. In the flue-cured tobacco-rapeseed rotation system,the optimal application of potassium fertilizer was K_2O 375 kg/hm~2 at flue-cured tobacco,and 16. 92 ~ 21. 90 kg/hm~2 less at rape season.
A split field experiment was carried out to study the effects of different K fertilizer application rates on crop yield,K uptake,K recovery efficiency and residual efficiency under annual flue-cured tobacco-rapeseed rotation. The results showed that with the increase of the amount of potassium fertilizer,the yield of flue-cured tobacco showed a trend of increasing firstly and then being steady,and the highest yield of flue-cured tobacco was occurred at K450,which was 2 067. 64 kg/hm~2,and it was 261. 07 kg/hm~2 more than that with no potassium treatment,and there was no significant difference with K375 treatment. Compared with the treatment of no potassium fertilizer in rape season,the content of rape dry matter was increased by1 223. 58 ~ 1 468. 78 kg/hm~2,the rape yield 244. 84 ~ 345. 85 kg/hm~2 and potassium element absorption quantity increased by5. 2% ~ 8. 4% when the season was applied with K_2O 75 kg/hm~2 potassium,and it was the highest with K375 treatment. The utilization rate of potassium fertilizer was 22. 27% ~ 29. 08%,the residue utilization rate was 10. 52% ~ 12. 63%,and the cumulative utilization rate was 32. 79% ~ 40. 09%. The residual efficiency and potassium fertilizer applied amount was significantly positive related. In the flue-cured tobacco-rapeseed rotation system,the optimal application of potassium fertilizer was K_2O 375 kg/hm~2 at flue-cured tobacco,and 16. 92 ~ 21. 90 kg/hm~2 less at rape season.
引文
[1]陆景陵.植物营养学[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003.50-59.
[2]中国农业科学院烟草研究所.中国烟草栽培学[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2005.321-323.
[3]王家顺,李志友,陆引罡.不同轮作方式对烤烟生长发育和品质的影响[J].河南农业科学,2015,(9):25-27.
[4]王家顺,李志友,陆引罡.不同轮作方式土壤的有效养分动态[J].贵州农业科学,2015,(9):91-93.
[5]肖荣英.油菜钾素营养研究进展[J].园艺与种苗,2011,(2):98-101.
[6]张亦驰,李林,史喜林,等.土壤钾素形态及有效性的研究进展[J].吉林农业科学,2013,38(6):52-54,61.
[7]董玉良,劳秀荣,孙伟红,等.麦玉轮作体系中秸秆钾对土壤钾库平衡的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2005,33(6):993-994,999.
[8]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[9]农业部农民科技教育培训中心.测土配方施肥技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2008.
[10]罗建新,萧汉乾,方红,等.钾肥施用量与施用期对烤烟产量和品质的影响[J].湖南农业大学学报,1997,23(2):132-136.
[11]刘秀秀,鲁剑巍,王寅,等.氮磷钾肥施用对油菜产量及养分吸收利用的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2014,36(4):483-488.
[12]李银水,鲁剑巍,廖星,等.钾肥用量对油菜产量及钾素利用效率的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2011,33(2):152-156.
[13]单玉华,冷锁虎,张文学,等.钾肥对油菜干物质积累、产量及品质的影响[J].土壤通报,1997,28(3):131-134.
[14]化党领,曹荣,魏修彬,等.不同氮磷钾施肥量对烤烟农艺性状及养分吸收的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2012,(4):53-58.
[15]刘晓伟,鲁剑巍,李小坤,等.直播冬油菜干物质积累及氮磷钾养分的吸收利用[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(23):4823-4832.
[16]张福锁,马文奇,陈新平,等.养分资源综合管理理论与技术概论[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2006.
[17]卜容燕,任涛,鲁剑巍,等.水稻-油菜轮作条件下氮肥效应及其后效[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(24):5049-5056.
[2]中国农业科学院烟草研究所.中国烟草栽培学[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2005.321-323.
[3]王家顺,李志友,陆引罡.不同轮作方式对烤烟生长发育和品质的影响[J].河南农业科学,2015,(9):25-27.
[4]王家顺,李志友,陆引罡.不同轮作方式土壤的有效养分动态[J].贵州农业科学,2015,(9):91-93.
[5]肖荣英.油菜钾素营养研究进展[J].园艺与种苗,2011,(2):98-101.
[6]张亦驰,李林,史喜林,等.土壤钾素形态及有效性的研究进展[J].吉林农业科学,2013,38(6):52-54,61.
[7]董玉良,劳秀荣,孙伟红,等.麦玉轮作体系中秸秆钾对土壤钾库平衡的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2005,33(6):993-994,999.
[8]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[9]农业部农民科技教育培训中心.测土配方施肥技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2008.
[10]罗建新,萧汉乾,方红,等.钾肥施用量与施用期对烤烟产量和品质的影响[J].湖南农业大学学报,1997,23(2):132-136.
[11]刘秀秀,鲁剑巍,王寅,等.氮磷钾肥施用对油菜产量及养分吸收利用的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2014,36(4):483-488.
[12]李银水,鲁剑巍,廖星,等.钾肥用量对油菜产量及钾素利用效率的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2011,33(2):152-156.
[13]单玉华,冷锁虎,张文学,等.钾肥对油菜干物质积累、产量及品质的影响[J].土壤通报,1997,28(3):131-134.
[14]化党领,曹荣,魏修彬,等.不同氮磷钾施肥量对烤烟农艺性状及养分吸收的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2012,(4):53-58.
[15]刘晓伟,鲁剑巍,李小坤,等.直播冬油菜干物质积累及氮磷钾养分的吸收利用[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(23):4823-4832.
[16]张福锁,马文奇,陈新平,等.养分资源综合管理理论与技术概论[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2006.
[17]卜容燕,任涛,鲁剑巍,等.水稻-油菜轮作条件下氮肥效应及其后效[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(24):5049-5056.