湘东稻—油轮作区氮磷利用效率对化肥减施的响应
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摘要
为提高湘东稻—油轮作高产田区化肥减施下肥料周年利用效率和作物周年产量,利用2015年布置的稻—油轮作田间定位试验,研究了不同施肥处理(不施肥(T1)、常规施肥(T2)、80%常规施肥N+20%有机肥N(T3)、70%常规施肥N+30%有机肥N(T4)、在T4的基础上减N 20%+N肥增效剂(T5)、在T4的基础上减P 20%+P素活化剂(T6)、在T4的基础上减NP 20%+N肥增效剂+P素活化剂(T7))下水稻和油菜的周年产量、氮磷养分周年利用效率、土壤碱解氮以及有效磷含量周年变化。结果表明,与T2处理相比,T3和T4的作物周年籽粒产量和周年总生物量、氮素周年养分利用效率和磷素周年养分利用效率平均分别高2.6%和4.8%、17.6%和34.7%,T6和T7处理平均分别高出T4处理1.2%和3.2%、2.5%和11.8%,其中,T4、T6、T7处理的增加效果最明显,其周年籽粒产量和周年总生物量、氮素周年养分利用效率和磷素周年养分利用效率平均高出T2处理5.2%和9.6%、27.8%和60.2%,且T4、T6、T7处理的土壤氮磷供应规律更符合作物的养分吸收规律。综上,T4、T6、T7处理在稻—油轮作体系中化肥减施增效技术效果较明显,以T7处理为最佳。本研究为湘东稻—油轮作高产田区化肥减施增效集成技术的应用提供了理论支持和实践基础。
In order to improve the utilization efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus,as well as annual crop production in the field with application of different chemical reduced fertilizer treatments. The annual variation of the yield of rice and rape,the utilization efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus, and the content of available nitrogen and available phosphorus in soil based on a rice-rape rotation field experiment set in 2015 in eastern hunan were studied. For this field experiment,seven differ treatments were set up: T1) no fertilization,T2) regular chemical fertilizer,T3) 80% regular chemical N + 20% organic N,T4) 70% chemical N + 30% organic N,T5) 20% total N reduced based the T4 +nitrogen synergist,T6) 20% total P reduced based on T4 + phosphorus activator,T7) 20% total N reduced + 20% total P reduced based on T4 + nitrogen synergist and phosphorus activator. The results indicated that the annual grain productions and total biomass of crop and the annual utilization efficiency of nitrogenous and phosphate fertilizers of both T3 and T4 treatments were increased by 2. 6% and 4. 8% ,17. 6% and 34. 7% ,respectively,if compared with T2 treatment. For these indexes,T6 and T7 treatments were increased by 1. 2% and 3. 2% ,2. 5% and 11. 8% ,respectively,if compared with T4 treatment. Compared to the regular fertilizer treatment,all of the annual grain yield and total biomass of crop and the annual utilization efficiency of nitrogenous and phosphate fertilizer indexes of T4,T6 and T7 treatments were increased by 5. 2% ,9. 6% ,27. 8% and 60. 2% ,respectively,that soil supply laws of nitrogen and phosphorus were much more consistent with the nutrient absorption law in the field. These findings are important to the practical and theoretical supports to clear the application of integrated technology of chemical reduction efficiency on the area of rice-rape rotation in eastern Hunan.
In order to improve the utilization efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus,as well as annual crop production in the field with application of different chemical reduced fertilizer treatments. The annual variation of the yield of rice and rape,the utilization efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus, and the content of available nitrogen and available phosphorus in soil based on a rice-rape rotation field experiment set in 2015 in eastern hunan were studied. For this field experiment,seven differ treatments were set up: T1) no fertilization,T2) regular chemical fertilizer,T3) 80% regular chemical N + 20% organic N,T4) 70% chemical N + 30% organic N,T5) 20% total N reduced based the T4 +nitrogen synergist,T6) 20% total P reduced based on T4 + phosphorus activator,T7) 20% total N reduced + 20% total P reduced based on T4 + nitrogen synergist and phosphorus activator. The results indicated that the annual grain productions and total biomass of crop and the annual utilization efficiency of nitrogenous and phosphate fertilizers of both T3 and T4 treatments were increased by 2. 6% and 4. 8% ,17. 6% and 34. 7% ,respectively,if compared with T2 treatment. For these indexes,T6 and T7 treatments were increased by 1. 2% and 3. 2% ,2. 5% and 11. 8% ,respectively,if compared with T4 treatment. Compared to the regular fertilizer treatment,all of the annual grain yield and total biomass of crop and the annual utilization efficiency of nitrogenous and phosphate fertilizer indexes of T4,T6 and T7 treatments were increased by 5. 2% ,9. 6% ,27. 8% and 60. 2% ,respectively,that soil supply laws of nitrogen and phosphorus were much more consistent with the nutrient absorption law in the field. These findings are important to the practical and theoretical supports to clear the application of integrated technology of chemical reduction efficiency on the area of rice-rape rotation in eastern Hunan.
引文
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