朋友支持提升大学生有氧体适能的路径:身体活动和自我效能的中介作用
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摘要
提升大学生身体活动和有氧体适能水平,促进大学生身心健康,是建设健康中国的必然要求。以甘肃省6所高校的1188名大学生为调查对象,采取问卷调查的方法进行朋友支持身体活动量表、自我效能感量表、身体活动问卷和有氧体适能的测试,运用相关分析、逐步回归分析和结构方程模型对朋友支持、自我效能感、身体活动和有氧体适能之间的关系进行探讨。研究发现:1)朋友支持正向预测大学生身体活动和自我效能感;2)自我效能感在朋友支持与身体活动之间起中介作用;3)朋友支持通过两条路径即朋友支持→身体活动→有氧体适能和朋友支持→自我效能感→有氧体适能来提升大学生的有氧体适能。建议:1)学校可组建各种体育社团,组织以朋友为基础的各类比赛,鼓励朋友相互激励参与体育锻炼,充分发挥朋友支持系统提升自我效能感和身体活动来促进有氧体适能;2)改善大学校园体育锻炼环境,使大学生熟练掌握多项运动技能,锻炼环境的可达性、运动技能的可选择性可有效增强大学生参与体育锻炼的自我效能感,进而促进身体活动和有氧体适能。
Enhancing the lever of physical activity and aerobic physical fitness of undergraduate and promoting the physical and mental health of undergraduate are essential requirements of building healthy china.The survey is conducted among 1188 undergraduate from six universities in Gansu province and use method of questionnaire to survey physical activity of friend support、self-efficacy、physical activity and aerobic physical fitness,the study uses correlation analysis、stepwise regression analysis and structural equation model to explore the relationship between friend support、self-efficacy、physical activity and aerobic physical fitness.the results show that 1)friend support can positively predict physical activity and self-efficacy of undergraduate.2)self-efficacy play a mediated role between friend support and physical activity.3)two path can enhance aerobic physical fitness by friend support.it are friend support→physical activity→aerobic physical fitness and friend support→self-efficacy→aerobic physical fitness.Suggestion:1)university can organize some kind of community which are built by friend.encouraging friend to participate in exercise.give full play to the system of friend support in enhancing self-efficacy and physical activity on aerobic physical fitness.2)Improving the exercise environment in campus、enhancing the level of exercise skills and the accessibility of the exercise environment and optional exercise skills have a significant positive effect on self-efficacy of exercise of undergraduate,which can promote the level of physical activity and aerobic physical fitness.
Enhancing the lever of physical activity and aerobic physical fitness of undergraduate and promoting the physical and mental health of undergraduate are essential requirements of building healthy china.The survey is conducted among 1188 undergraduate from six universities in Gansu province and use method of questionnaire to survey physical activity of friend support、self-efficacy、physical activity and aerobic physical fitness,the study uses correlation analysis、stepwise regression analysis and structural equation model to explore the relationship between friend support、self-efficacy、physical activity and aerobic physical fitness.the results show that 1)friend support can positively predict physical activity and self-efficacy of undergraduate.2)self-efficacy play a mediated role between friend support and physical activity.3)two path can enhance aerobic physical fitness by friend support.it are friend support→physical activity→aerobic physical fitness and friend support→self-efficacy→aerobic physical fitness.Suggestion:1)university can organize some kind of community which are built by friend.encouraging friend to participate in exercise.give full play to the system of friend support in enhancing self-efficacy and physical activity on aerobic physical fitness.2)Improving the exercise environment in campus、enhancing the level of exercise skills and the accessibility of the exercise environment and optional exercise skills have a significant positive effect on self-efficacy of exercise of undergraduate,which can promote the level of physical activity and aerobic physical fitness.
引文
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[16]王富百慧,王元超,谭芷晔.同伴支持行为对青少年身体活动的影响研究[J].中国体育科技,2018,54(05):18-24.
[17]李海燕,燕凌,耿嘉梅,毛振明.基于体育课堂的青少年同伴关系考察[J].沈阳体育学院学报,2018,37(01):107-112.
[18]吴泽萍、常生.同侪压力对大学生余暇体育锻炼行为影响的研究[J].南京体育学院学报,2009,23(3):93-97.
[19]Amier Haida,Nalini Ranji.Parental and peer social support is associated with healthier physical activity behaviors in adolescents:a cross-sectional analysis of Texas School Physical Activity and Nutrition(TX SPAN)data[J].BMC Public Health,2019,19(1):2-9.
[2]王富百慧,王梅,张彦峰.中国家庭体育锻炼行为特点及代际互动关系研究[J].体育科学,2016,36(11):31-38.
[3]Dumith S C,Gigante D P,Domingues M R.Physical activity change during adolescence:a systematic review and a pooled analysis[J].International Journal of Epidemiology,2011,40(3):685-698.
[4]Pangrazi R,Corbin C.Factors that influence physical fitness in children and adolescents[M]//Welk G,Morrow J,Falls H.Fitnessgram Reference Guide[M].TX:Cooper Institute,2003:30.
[5]Welk,Gregory J.The Youth Physical Activity Promotion Model:A Conceptual Bridge Between Theory and Practice[J].Quest,1999,51(1):5-23.
[6]Chen H,Sun H,Dai J.Peer Support and Adolescents’Physical Activity:The Mediating Roles of Self-Efficacy and Enjoyment[J].Journal of Pediatric Psychology,2017,42(5):569-577.
[7]Duncan S C,Duncan T E,Strycker L A,et al.A cohort-sequential latent growth model of physical activity from ages 12to 17years[J].Annals of Behavioral Medicine,2007,33(1):80-89.
[8]Brown H,Hume C,Pearson N,et al.A systematic review of intervention effects on potential mediators of children’s physical activity[J].BMC Public Health,2013,13(1):165.
[9]Silva P,Lott R,Mota J,et al.Direct and Indirect Effects of Social Support on Youth Physical Activity Behavior[J].Pediatric Exercise Science,2014,26(1):86-94.
[10]杨尚剑.社会支持、自我效能与青少年体育锻炼满意度的关系[J].武汉体育学院学报,2016,50(02):90-94.
[11]Chen H,Sun H,Dai J.Peer Support and Adolescents’Physical Activity:The Mediating Roles of Self-Efficacy and Enjoyment[J].Journal of Pediatric Psychology,2017,42(5):569-577.
[12]Hamilton K,Warner L M,Schwarzer R.The Role of Self-Efficacy and Friend Support on Adolescent Vigorous Physical Activity[J].Health Education&Behavior,2016:1090198116648266.
[13]Erwan Ismail,Mohd Radzani.The Relationship of Physical Activity and Fitness between Ages[J].Creative Education,2018(14):2192-2202.
[14]Talbot L A,Morrell C H,Metter E J,et al.Comparison of cardiorespiratory fitness versus leisure time physical activity as predictors of coronary events in men aged
[15]Adame D D,Johnson T C,Nowicki S,et al.Physical fitness and self-reported physical exercise among college men and women in 1987and 1997[J].Perceptual and Motor Skills,2001,93(2):559-566.
[16]王富百慧,王元超,谭芷晔.同伴支持行为对青少年身体活动的影响研究[J].中国体育科技,2018,54(05):18-24.
[17]李海燕,燕凌,耿嘉梅,毛振明.基于体育课堂的青少年同伴关系考察[J].沈阳体育学院学报,2018,37(01):107-112.
[18]吴泽萍、常生.同侪压力对大学生余暇体育锻炼行为影响的研究[J].南京体育学院学报,2009,23(3):93-97.
[19]Amier Haida,Nalini Ranji.Parental and peer social support is associated with healthier physical activity behaviors in adolescents:a cross-sectional analysis of Texas School Physical Activity and Nutrition(TX SPAN)data[J].BMC Public Health,2019,19(1):2-9.