规模化沼气工程消化效率及碳减排核算
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摘要
规模化沼气工程的产气核算尚无明确标准和评价方法,已严重影响政府补贴政策的落实,并一定程度上加大了沼气工程的运营压力。以山东民和沼气工程为案例,对原料及各级反应罐消化液的理化性质和产甲烷潜力进行了研究,提出了基于产甲烷潜力变化率的物料生物降解性变化率(biochemical degradation rate, BDR)间接核算法。该方法可对规模化大型沼气工程的沼气产量及碳减排进行核算。结果显示,基于BDR法核算的沼气产量与实际上报的沼气产量相差2.3%,碳减排量与监测报告中的数值相差6.3%。BDR法不仅能够准确地对沼气工程的产气量及碳减排进行核算,同时也可为产气的测量、报告与核证提供数据基础。该方法可满足当前沼气转型升级建设实行先建后补的政策投资需求。
A growth in investment of large-scale biogas plants therefore creates a need for gas verificationmethodology, as the government and investors need confidence in utilization efficiency. This paper is a casestudy of Minhe biogas plant in Shandong province. Aimed to find a suitable methodology for biogas productionevaluation, the characteristics and methane potential of feedstock and digestive liquid from both primarydigestion tank and secondary digestion tank were investigated. An indirect methodology based on then changerate of methane potential degradation was proposed to account the biochemical degradation rate(BDR) ofmaterials, and then verify gas production and carbon emission reduction. The results showed that the verifiedbiogas production based on BDR method was 2.3% deviation from the monitoring report. The difference ofcarbon emission amount between BRD estimation and the monitoring report was 6.3%. The verification methodthat based on BDR could not only accurately account the gas production and carbon emission reduction of biogasengineering, but also provide data support on testing gas production amount, and subsequent reporting andcertification. This method could meet the investment requirement of the‘first building-then subsidy'policy forcurrent biogas transformation and upgrading.
A growth in investment of large-scale biogas plants therefore creates a need for gas verificationmethodology, as the government and investors need confidence in utilization efficiency. This paper is a casestudy of Minhe biogas plant in Shandong province. Aimed to find a suitable methodology for biogas productionevaluation, the characteristics and methane potential of feedstock and digestive liquid from both primarydigestion tank and secondary digestion tank were investigated. An indirect methodology based on then changerate of methane potential degradation was proposed to account the biochemical degradation rate(BDR) ofmaterials, and then verify gas production and carbon emission reduction. The results showed that the verifiedbiogas production based on BDR method was 2.3% deviation from the monitoring report. The difference ofcarbon emission amount between BRD estimation and the monitoring report was 6.3%. The verification methodthat based on BDR could not only accurately account the gas production and carbon emission reduction of biogasengineering, but also provide data support on testing gas production amount, and subsequent reporting andcertification. This method could meet the investment requirement of the‘first building-then subsidy'policy forcurrent biogas transformation and upgrading.
引文
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[19]李超,刘刚金,刘静溪,等.基于产甲烷潜力和基质降解动力学的沼气发酵物料评估[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(24):262-268.
[20]APHA.Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater[M].21st Edition.American Public Health Association/American Water Works Association/Water Environment Federation,Washington D C,2005.
[21]ROPPOLA K,KUOKKANEN T,RAMO J,et al.Comparison study of different BOD tests in the determination of BOD(7)evaluated in a model domestic sewage[J].Journal of Automated Methods&Management in Chemistry,2007,1:39761.
[22]ZHANG Z,YUAN Y,FANG Y,et al.Preparation of photocatalytic nano-ZnO/TiO film and application for determination of chemical oxygen demand[J].Talanta,2007,73(3):523-528.
[23]KREUGER E,NGES I A,BJRNSSON L.Ensiling of crops for biogas production:Effects on methane yield and total solids determination[J].Biotechnology for Biofuels,2011,4(1):44.
[24]KUMAR A,DHALL P,KUMAR R.Redefining BOD∶COD ratio of pulp mill industrial wastewaters in BOD analysis by formulating a specific microbial seed[J].International Biodeterioration&Biodegradation,2010,64(3):197-202.
[25]CHEN Y,CHENG J J,CREAMER K S.Inhibition of anaerobic digestion process:A review[J].Bioresource Tehcnology,2008,99(10):4044-4064.
[26]LINDORFER H,CORCOBA A,VASILIEVA V,et al.Doubling the organic loading rate in the co-digestion of energy crops and manure:A full scale case study[J].Bioresource Technology,2008,99(5):1148-1156.
[27]许彩云,靳红梅,常志州,等.麦秸生物炭添加对猪粪中温厌氧发酵产气特性的影响[J].农业资源与环境学报,2016,35(6):1167-1172.
[28]LI Y,ZHANG R,LIU X,et al.Evaluating methane production from anaerobic mono-and co-digestion of kitchen waste,corn stover,and chicken manure[J].Energy&Fuels,2013,27(4):2085-2091.
[29]KHALID A,ARSHAD M,ANJUM M,et al.The anaerobic digestion of solid organic waste[J].Waste Management,2011,31(8):1737-1744.
[30]SCHIEVANO A,D'IMPORZANO G,ORZI V,et al.On-field study of anaerobic digestion full-scale plants(Part II):New approaches in monitoring and evaluating process efficiency[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(19):8814-8819.
[31]吕锡武.厌氧消化产气量计算方法的评价[J].上海环境科学,1987(4):26-28.
[32]UNFCCC.ACM 0010:GHG emission reductions from manure management systems[M/OL].(2006-12-06)[2018-05-01].http://cdm.unfccc.int/filestorage/C/D/M/CDMWF_AM_72UG1NTIHCHAVWKSICBMPVURGESL3O/EB28_repan12_ACM0010_ver02.pdf?t=Yjh8cGlzb3J0fDCVYUBarEXvvv6xzNqnBmzL.
[2]佚名.创新思路多措并举努力开创农村沼气建设新局面:全国农村沼气工作会议在成都召开[J].中国沼气,2013,31(1):3-4.
[3]佚名.国家发展改革委和农业部联合推动农村沼气工程转型升级[J].农业工程技术,2015,18(1):2.
[4]吴进,闵师界,朱立志,等.养殖场沼气工程商业化集中供气补贴分析[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(24):269-273.
[5]李颖,孙永明,李东,等.中外沼气产业政策浅析[J].新能源进展,2014,2(6):413-422.
[6]程序,崔宗均,朱万斌.呼之欲出的中国生物天然气战略性新兴产业[J].天然气工业,2013,33(5):60.
[7]陈绍晴,宋丹,杨谨,等.户用沼气模式生命周期减排清单与环境效益分析[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2012,22(8):76-83.
[8]董红敏,李玉娥,朱志平,等.农村户用沼气CDM项目温室气体减排潜力[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(11):293-296.
[9]王哲,肖志远,代燕.干旱区大型养殖场CDM项目开发与温室气体减排量估算[J].生态与农村环境学报,2009,25(4):1-7.
[10]李玉娥,董红敏,万运帆,等.规模化猪场沼气工程CDM项目的减排及经济效益分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(12):2580-2583.
[11]南国良,程景林,马宗虎,等.规模奶牛场粪污处理系统CDM项目开发案例分析[J].可再生能源,2008,26(4):96-100.
[12]甘福丁,伍琪,谢列先,等.广西养殖场沼气工程节能减排效果分析[J].现代农业科技,2012(22):192-193.
[13]赵兰,冷云伟,任恒星,等.大型秸秆沼气集中供气工程生命周期评价[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(34):19462-19464.
[14]白洁瑞,贺春强,王虎琴,等.秸秆沼气集中供气工程温室气体减排效益分析[J].农业工程技术(新能源产业),2011(6):21-22.
[15]赵晓,常化振,彭思洋,等.中国生物质燃气产能及碳减排潜力[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(8):3151-3159.
[16]王艺鹏,杨晓琳,谢光辉,等.1995-2014年中国农作物秸秆沼气化碳足迹分析[J].中国农业大学学报,2017,22(5):1-14.
[17]Shandong Minhe Livestock Co.Ltd.,Penglai,Shandong Province,P.R.of China.Animal manure management system(AMMS)GHG mitigation project[M/OL].[2018-05-01].http://cdm.unfccc.int/filestorage/L/I/2/LI23K1YWJQ5Z6U0S4RC-GX7EONM8HVF/Minhe%20Fifth%20verification-MR-2015-07-09.pdf?t=aFF8b29wNnpmfDDxkAYyEuvmxjlcYEC-pn3J,2015-07-09.
[18]成喜雨,李超,李兵,等.物料产甲烷潜力分析技术及设备评述[J].可再生能源,2013,31(5):72-79.
[19]李超,刘刚金,刘静溪,等.基于产甲烷潜力和基质降解动力学的沼气发酵物料评估[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(24):262-268.
[20]APHA.Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater[M].21st Edition.American Public Health Association/American Water Works Association/Water Environment Federation,Washington D C,2005.
[21]ROPPOLA K,KUOKKANEN T,RAMO J,et al.Comparison study of different BOD tests in the determination of BOD(7)evaluated in a model domestic sewage[J].Journal of Automated Methods&Management in Chemistry,2007,1:39761.
[22]ZHANG Z,YUAN Y,FANG Y,et al.Preparation of photocatalytic nano-ZnO/TiO film and application for determination of chemical oxygen demand[J].Talanta,2007,73(3):523-528.
[23]KREUGER E,NGES I A,BJRNSSON L.Ensiling of crops for biogas production:Effects on methane yield and total solids determination[J].Biotechnology for Biofuels,2011,4(1):44.
[24]KUMAR A,DHALL P,KUMAR R.Redefining BOD∶COD ratio of pulp mill industrial wastewaters in BOD analysis by formulating a specific microbial seed[J].International Biodeterioration&Biodegradation,2010,64(3):197-202.
[25]CHEN Y,CHENG J J,CREAMER K S.Inhibition of anaerobic digestion process:A review[J].Bioresource Tehcnology,2008,99(10):4044-4064.
[26]LINDORFER H,CORCOBA A,VASILIEVA V,et al.Doubling the organic loading rate in the co-digestion of energy crops and manure:A full scale case study[J].Bioresource Technology,2008,99(5):1148-1156.
[27]许彩云,靳红梅,常志州,等.麦秸生物炭添加对猪粪中温厌氧发酵产气特性的影响[J].农业资源与环境学报,2016,35(6):1167-1172.
[28]LI Y,ZHANG R,LIU X,et al.Evaluating methane production from anaerobic mono-and co-digestion of kitchen waste,corn stover,and chicken manure[J].Energy&Fuels,2013,27(4):2085-2091.
[29]KHALID A,ARSHAD M,ANJUM M,et al.The anaerobic digestion of solid organic waste[J].Waste Management,2011,31(8):1737-1744.
[30]SCHIEVANO A,D'IMPORZANO G,ORZI V,et al.On-field study of anaerobic digestion full-scale plants(Part II):New approaches in monitoring and evaluating process efficiency[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(19):8814-8819.
[31]吕锡武.厌氧消化产气量计算方法的评价[J].上海环境科学,1987(4):26-28.
[32]UNFCCC.ACM 0010:GHG emission reductions from manure management systems[M/OL].(2006-12-06)[2018-05-01].http://cdm.unfccc.int/filestorage/C/D/M/CDMWF_AM_72UG1NTIHCHAVWKSICBMPVURGESL3O/EB28_repan12_ACM0010_ver02.pdf?t=Yjh8cGlzb3J0fDCVYUBarEXvvv6xzNqnBmzL.