CO_2管道介质泄漏体积分数分布及危险区域实验
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摘要
CO_2管道发生泄漏时的介质体积分数扩散规律和危险区域范围是CO_2管道安全评估的一项重要内容。基于长度为258 m的工业规模CO_2管道泄放实验装置,开展了气相、密相及超临界相CO_2在不同泄放口径下的泄漏实验,测量了扩散区域不同位置CO_2的体积分数。以各测点体积分数的最大值为对象,分析了泄放口轴向CO_2体积分数随距离的变化规律及扩散区域CO_2体积分数分布情况。结果表明:在3种相态情况下,泄放口轴向CO_2体积分数随距离增加而呈指数衰减。若CO_2体积分数取1%,当泄放口径为15 mm时,3种相态轴向危险距离约为30 m;当泄放口径为50 mm时,轴向危险距离约为40 m。考虑风速、地形条件、测试误差等因素,以2倍安全裕量设定安全距离较为适宜。研究结果为工业应用时安全距离的设定提供了参考。
The dispersion laws of medium volume fraction and the scope of hazardous area in the case of CO_2 pipeline leakage are the important parts in safety assessment of CO_2 pipeline. In this paper, leakage experiments were performed on CO_2 of gas phase, dense phase and supercritical phase at different discharge diameters by using an industrial scale CO_2 pipeline release experiment device of 258 m long, and CO_2 volume fraction in different points of dispersion area were measured. The maximum volume fraction of each measurement point was taken as the study object to analyze the change law of CO_2 volume fraction with the distance along the axis of release orifice and the distribution of CO_2 volume fraction in the dispersion area. It is indicated that CO_2 volume fraction in three phase states decreases exponentially with the increasing of distance along the axis of release orifice. If CO_2 volume fraction is set at 1%, the hazardous distance along the axis in three phase states is about 30 m for the discharge diameter of 15 mm and 40 m for that of 50 mm. Considering the factors of wind velocity, land form, testing error and etc., it is appropriate to set two times of safety allowance as the safety distance. The research results can be used as the reference for the setting of safety distance in the process of industrial application.
The dispersion laws of medium volume fraction and the scope of hazardous area in the case of CO_2 pipeline leakage are the important parts in safety assessment of CO_2 pipeline. In this paper, leakage experiments were performed on CO_2 of gas phase, dense phase and supercritical phase at different discharge diameters by using an industrial scale CO_2 pipeline release experiment device of 258 m long, and CO_2 volume fraction in different points of dispersion area were measured. The maximum volume fraction of each measurement point was taken as the study object to analyze the change law of CO_2 volume fraction with the distance along the axis of release orifice and the distribution of CO_2 volume fraction in the dispersion area. It is indicated that CO_2 volume fraction in three phase states decreases exponentially with the increasing of distance along the axis of release orifice. If CO_2 volume fraction is set at 1%, the hazardous distance along the axis in three phase states is about 30 m for the discharge diameter of 15 mm and 40 m for that of 50 mm. Considering the factors of wind velocity, land form, testing error and etc., it is appropriate to set two times of safety allowance as the safety distance. The research results can be used as the reference for the setting of safety distance in the process of industrial application.
引文
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[2]KNOOPE M M J,RAMIREZ A,FAAIJ A P C.A state-of-theart review of techno-economic models predicting the costs of CO2pipeline transport[J].International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control,2013,16(10):241-270.
[3]DUNCAN I J,WANG H.Estimating the likelihood of pipeline failure in CO2 transmission pipelines:New insights on risks of carbon capture and storage[J].International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control,2014,21(21):49-60.
[4]GANT S E,NARASIMHAMURTHY V D,SKJOLD T,et al.Evaluation of multi-phase atmospheric dispersion models for application to carbon capture and storage[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2014,32:286-298.
[5]XING J,LIU Z,HUANG P,et al.Experimental and numerical study of the dispersion of carbon dioxide plume[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2013,256-257(1):40-48.
[6]GUO X,YAN X,YU J,et al.Pressure response and phase transition in supercritical CO2,releases from a large-scale pipeline[J].Applied Energy,2016,178:189-197.
[7]AURSAND E,DUMOULIN S,HAMMER M,et al.Fracture propagation control in CO2 pipelines:Validation of a coupled fluid-structure model[J].Engineering Structures,2016,123:192-212.
[8]WOOLLEY R M,FAIRWEATHER M,WAREING C J,et al.Experimental measurement and Reynolds-averaged NavierStokes modelling of the near-field structure of multi-phase CO2 jet released[J].International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control,2013,18:139-149.
[9]WOOLLEY R M,FAIRWEATHER M,WAREING C J,et al.CO2 PipeHaz:Quantitative hazard assessment for next generation CO2 pipelines[J].Energy Procedia,2014,63:2510-2529.
[10]WAREING C J,FAITWEATHER M,FALLE E G,et al.Validation of a model of gas and dense phase CO2 jet releases for carbon capture and storage application[J].International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control,2014,20:254-271.
[11]WAREING C J,WOOLLEY R M,FAIRWEATHER M,et al.A composite equation of state for the modeling of sonic carbon dioxide jets in carbon capture and storage scenarios[J].AIChEJournal,2013,59(10):3928-3942.
[12]HAN S H,KIM J,CHANG D.An experimental investigation of liquid CO2 release through a capillary tube[J].Energy Procedia,2013,37:4724-4730.
[13]HAN S H,CHANG D,KIM J,et al.Experimental investigation of the flow characteristics of jettisoning in a CO2 carrier[J].Process Saf Environ,2014,92(1):60-69.
[14]LI K,ZHOU X J,TU R,et al.An experiment investigation of supercritical CO2 accidental release from a pressurized pipeline[J].J Supercrit Fluid,2016,107:298-306.
[15]ZHOU X J,LI K,TU R,et al.A modelling study of the multiphase leakage flow from pressurized CO2 pipeline[J].JHazard Mater,2016,306:286-294.
[16]XING J,LIU Z Y,HUANG P,et al.CFD validation of scaling rules for reduced-scale field releases of carbon dioxide[J].Applied Energy,2014,115(4):525-530.
[17]CHENG C,TAN W,LIU L.Numerical simulation of water curtain application for ammonia release dispersion[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2014,30(1):105-112.
[18]刘振翼,周轶,黄平,等.CO2管线泄漏扩散小尺度实验研究[J].化工学报,2012,63(5):1651-1659.LIU Z Y,ZHOU Y,HUANG P,et al.Scaled field test for CO2leakage and dispersion from pipelines[J].CIESC Journal,2012,63(5):1651-1659.
[19]刘建武,喻健良,闫兴清,等.CO2管道全截面破裂后介质射流扩散研究[J].安全、健康和环境,2016,16(6):38-41.LIU J W,YU J L,YAN X Q,et al.Research on diffusion of the jet medium after CO2 full section pipeline rupture[J].Safety Health&Environment,2016,16(6):38-41.
[20]GUO X L,YAN X Q,YU J L,et al.Under-expanded jets and dispersions during the release of high pressure CO2 from a largescale pipeline[J].Energy,2016,119:53-66.