新疆干旱区土壤中苯系物泄漏污染模拟研究
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摘要
以新疆干旱区典型土壤为研究对象,以苯、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯(间、对二甲苯)等苯系物(BTEX)为目标污染物,采用土柱装置模拟研究一维状态下BTEX在地表发生瞬时泄漏后,目标污染物在土壤中垂向迁移与分布规律。研究结果表明,新疆干旱区土壤中BTEX迁移动力学特征符合二阶指数方程,平衡泄漏距离与泄漏体积成正比;泄漏初期(0-20 min)迁移速率较大,随后迁移速率快速降低至趋于0的稳定值;BTEX的挥发和土壤对污染物的截留作用影响土壤中残留BTEX的垂向分布。
Experimental soil was sampled in arid region of Xinjiang,and the target pollutants were BTEX,including benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene,xylene( m,p- xylene). Migration of BTEX in soil in one dimensional state after instantaneous leakage was studied by simulating columns. Experimental results demonstrated the dynamics characteristics of BTEX migration agreed well with second order exponential equations,and the maximum leakage distance was proportional to leakage volume. Migration rate was bigger at the early stage of leakage( 0 to 20 min),then it decreased and tended to be stable around 0. Vertical distributions of residue BTEX were affected by the volatilization of BTEX and the interception effects of soil.
Experimental soil was sampled in arid region of Xinjiang,and the target pollutants were BTEX,including benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene,xylene( m,p- xylene). Migration of BTEX in soil in one dimensional state after instantaneous leakage was studied by simulating columns. Experimental results demonstrated the dynamics characteristics of BTEX migration agreed well with second order exponential equations,and the maximum leakage distance was proportional to leakage volume. Migration rate was bigger at the early stage of leakage( 0 to 20 min),then it decreased and tended to be stable around 0. Vertical distributions of residue BTEX were affected by the volatilization of BTEX and the interception effects of soil.
引文
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[24]田靖.顶空/气相色谱法测定土壤中的挥发性芳烃[J].环境科学与管理,2007,32(11):125-128.
[25]马月姣,毕二平,陈鸿汉.苯和甲苯在土壤中的吸附行为研究[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2011,30(6):1105-1110.
[2]Izquierdo M T,de Yuso A M,Valenciano R,et al.Influence of activated carbon characteristics on toluene and hexane adsorption:Application of surface response methodology[J].Applied Surface Science,2013,264(1):335–343.
[3]韩春媚,鲁炳闻,于冀芳,等.土壤中挥发性有机污染物现场快速监测技术应用进展[J].环境监测管理与技术,2010,22(5):8-13.
[4]秦婧,汪双清,孙玮琳,等.海底表层沉积物中苯系物含量对海域油气指示作用研究[J].岩矿测试,2013,32(5):785-790.
[5]张慧,韩春媚,张倩,等.土壤中苯系物的吹扫捕集-气相色谱-质谱测定方法[J].环境科学研究,2011,24(4):428-432.
[6]Rivett M O,Wealthall G P,Dearden R A,et al.Review of unsaturated-zone transport and attenuation of volatile organic compound(VOC)plumes leached from shallow source zones[J].Journal of Contaminant Hydrology,2011,123(3-4)130–156.
[7]范亚维,周启星.BTEX的环境行为与生态毒理[J].生态学报,2008,27(4):632-636
[8]王庆仁,刘秀梅,崔岩山,董艺婷.土壤与水体有机污染的生物修复及其应用研究进展[J].生态学报,2001,21(1):159-163.
[9]李梅,郑西来,童玲,等.石油污染对土壤渗透性的影响研究[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2009,48(2):119-123.
[10]邵明安,张博闻.原油在扰动土壤中入渗的实验研究[J].土壤学报,2009,46(5):781-787.
[11]张博闻,邵明安.初始含水率对土壤中原油入渗的影响[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(3):9-13.
[12]Tabach E E,Lancelot L,Shahrour I,Najjar Y.Use of artificial neural network simulation metamodelling to assess groundwater contamination in a road project[J].Mathematical and Computer Modelling,2007,45:766-776.
[13]Wipfler E L,Nessb M,Breedveld G D,Marsmana.Infiltration and redistribution of LNAPL into unsaturated layered porous media[J].Journal of Contaminant Hydrology,2004,71:47-66.
[14]Ryzhik V.Spreading of a NAPL lens in a double-porosity medium[J].Computational Geosciences,2007,11:1-8.
[15]Yoon H,Valocchi A J,Werth C J.Effect of soil moisture dynamics on dense nonaqueous phase liquid(DNAPL)spill zone architecture in heterogeneous porous media[J].Journal of Contaminant Hydrology,2007,90:159-183.
[16]Yoon H,Werth C J,Barkan C P,Schaeffer D J,Anand P.An environmental screening model to assess the consequences to soil and groundwater from railroad-tank-car spills of light non-aqueous phase liquids[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,165:332-344.
[17]Yoon H,Werth C J,Valocchi A J,Oostrom M.Impact of nonaqueous phase liquid(NAPL)source zone architecture on mass removal mechanisms in strongly layered heterogeneous porous media during soil vapor extraction[J].Journal of Contaminant Hydrology,2008,100:58-71.
[18]Wang Y Q,Shao M A.Infiltration characteristics of non-aqueous phase liquids in undisturbed loessal soil cores[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2009,21:1424-1431.
[19]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[20]Wen F,Hou H,Yao N,et al.Effects of simulated acid rain,EDTA,or their combination,on migration and chemical fraction distribution of extraneous metals in Ferrosol[J].Chemosphere,2013,90(2):349-357.
[21]US EPA.Method 5021:volatile organic compounds in soils and other solid matrices using equilibrium headspace analysis[EB/OL].http://www.epa.gov/osw/hazard/testmethods/sw846/pdfs/5021.pdf,1996-12.
[22]李潘,文方,苏玉红,等.新疆干旱区土壤中苯系物的顶空气相色谱/质谱测定方法研究[J].环境污染与防治,2013,35(11):29-32.
[23]Poulsen M M,Kueper B H.A field experiment to study the behavior of tetrachloroethylene in unsaturated porous media[J].Environmental science&technology,1992,26(5):889-895.
[24]田靖.顶空/气相色谱法测定土壤中的挥发性芳烃[J].环境科学与管理,2007,32(11):125-128.
[25]马月姣,毕二平,陈鸿汉.苯和甲苯在土壤中的吸附行为研究[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2011,30(6):1105-1110.