法外“舆论合法性”——以“辱母杀人案”为例
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摘要
舆论的存在有两大合法性的基础:(1)制度设计上的基础,它可以从《宪法》第三十五条和第四十一条之规定推论出;(2)理论上的支撑,它可以从一种相反于"法律中心论"的非正式规范的价值及"自生自发秩序"的理论意义之上得到支撑。那种凡事都试图诉诸以法律的规定而不顾舆论自身的价值,以及用舆论和审判之间合理的张力去限制或消解"舆论审判"这一提法的努力是对舆论严重的误解。这是不得要领的,实践上也是徒劳的。
The legitimacy of public opinion has the two kinds of big basis: one is system design,which can be inferred from the provisions of Article 35 and Article 41 in Constitution; another istheoretical support, and it can be supported by the value of informal norms opposite to "Legal Centrism" and the theoretical significance of "Spontaneous Order". That all things are attempting to resort to theprovisions of the law, regardless of public opinion value and value of the reasonable tension between theopinion and trial to limit or eliminate the idea of "Public Trial" is serious misunderstanding of publicopinions, and it is pointless and furitless in practice.
The legitimacy of public opinion has the two kinds of big basis: one is system design,which can be inferred from the provisions of Article 35 and Article 41 in Constitution; another istheoretical support, and it can be supported by the value of informal norms opposite to "Legal Centrism" and the theoretical significance of "Spontaneous Order". That all things are attempting to resort to theprovisions of the law, regardless of public opinion value and value of the reasonable tension between theopinion and trial to limit or eliminate the idea of "Public Trial" is serious misunderstanding of publicopinions, and it is pointless and furitless in practice.
引文
[1]百度百科.4·14聊城于欢案[EB/OL].[2017-04-29].http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=JWEBJer0C4Q5C8R2o08Bfzo__En Tm2O_Y2o L4Jw U2Qvr ZIPIW1n2J6FXj D_N8KOWcwq2y4Ah dd9s Vn BD6V6WMBLCo Bo6Mib5s Dzffh CFgym UZAo WR WW9Nso3z_W8YEb NE68zss0h Rhv0AE4GTONOi3P-FK9uqb WRc72ZEig1iu VOc Ciuueu ZILs GDYUydw2a4b1Il P0ju m Usf XPT8SZae TG85CMh X0uy Xq U40f Dk3ROGFIj_f Uja Vwgk Dc RE,2017-04-29.
[2]“辱母杀人案”持续关注[N].长春晚报,2017-03-27.
[3]中国网.辱母杀人案一审判决书全文披露:于欢判处无期徒刑剥夺政治权利终身[EB/OL].[2017-08-15].http://jiangsu.china.com.cn/html/2017/kuaixun_0326/9920861.html.
[4]Charles Epp.The Rights Revolution:Lawyers,Activists,and Supreme Courts in Comparative Perspective[M].Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1998.
[5]马长山.公共舆论兴起与法治变革[M].北京:人民出版社,2016.
[6]张志铭.传媒与司法的关系——从制度原理分析[J].中外法学,2000(1).
[7]毛泽东.矛盾论[M].北京:人民出版社,1975.
[8]李先波,杨建成.论言论自由与隐私权之协调[J].中国法学,2003(5).
[9]陈卫东.司法机关依法独立行使职权研究[J].中国法学,2014(2).
[10]罗伯特·C·埃里克森.无需法律的秩序——邻人如何解决纠纷[M].苏力,译.北京:中国政法大学出版社,2003.
[11]马长山.互联网+时代软法之治的问题与对策[J].现代法学,2016(5).
[12](英)弗里德利希·冯·哈耶克.自由秩序原理:上册[M].邓正来,译.北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1997.
[13](德)格尔哈德·帕普克.知识、自由与秩序[M].黄冰源,译.北京:中国社会科学出版社,2001.
[14]俞可平.治理与善治引论[J].马克思主义与现实,1999(5).
[15]周泽.“媒体审判”、“舆论审判”检讨[J].中国青年政治学院学报,2005(3).
(1)道德叙事是指通过对案件“故事”进行道德路径的重构,将案件塑造成一个强与弱、贵与贱、贫与富的对抗“故事”,来引起大众的同情和支持。
(2)软法(soft law)是指那些难以或者不能运用国家强制力保证实施的具有公共规制性质的规范性文件或者惯例。它区别于能够依靠国家强制力来保证实施的法规范——“硬法”(hard law)。
[2]“辱母杀人案”持续关注[N].长春晚报,2017-03-27.
[3]中国网.辱母杀人案一审判决书全文披露:于欢判处无期徒刑剥夺政治权利终身[EB/OL].[2017-08-15].http://jiangsu.china.com.cn/html/2017/kuaixun_0326/9920861.html.
[4]Charles Epp.The Rights Revolution:Lawyers,Activists,and Supreme Courts in Comparative Perspective[M].Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1998.
[5]马长山.公共舆论兴起与法治变革[M].北京:人民出版社,2016.
[6]张志铭.传媒与司法的关系——从制度原理分析[J].中外法学,2000(1).
[7]毛泽东.矛盾论[M].北京:人民出版社,1975.
[8]李先波,杨建成.论言论自由与隐私权之协调[J].中国法学,2003(5).
[9]陈卫东.司法机关依法独立行使职权研究[J].中国法学,2014(2).
[10]罗伯特·C·埃里克森.无需法律的秩序——邻人如何解决纠纷[M].苏力,译.北京:中国政法大学出版社,2003.
[11]马长山.互联网+时代软法之治的问题与对策[J].现代法学,2016(5).
[12](英)弗里德利希·冯·哈耶克.自由秩序原理:上册[M].邓正来,译.北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1997.
[13](德)格尔哈德·帕普克.知识、自由与秩序[M].黄冰源,译.北京:中国社会科学出版社,2001.
[14]俞可平.治理与善治引论[J].马克思主义与现实,1999(5).
[15]周泽.“媒体审判”、“舆论审判”检讨[J].中国青年政治学院学报,2005(3).
(1)道德叙事是指通过对案件“故事”进行道德路径的重构,将案件塑造成一个强与弱、贵与贱、贫与富的对抗“故事”,来引起大众的同情和支持。
(2)软法(soft law)是指那些难以或者不能运用国家强制力保证实施的具有公共规制性质的规范性文件或者惯例。它区别于能够依靠国家强制力来保证实施的法规范——“硬法”(hard law)。