能量均衡的ZigBee路由算法优化研究
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摘要
传统的ZigBee路由算法存在泛洪式路由请求(Routing Request, RREQ)消耗网络大量能量和网络内节点能耗不均等问题,缩短了网络生存周期。本文提出一种优化选取转发节点的能量均衡路由算法。在路由发现阶段限制RREQ广播半径,路由选择阶段通过多目标优化选取最佳下一跳节点,并且通过节点间周期性交换休眠时序,实现同步低功耗路由机制。基于NS-2.35的实验结果表明,与传统的ZigBee路由算法相比,本算法可以提高数据包的平均到达率,减少数据包的平均端到端延迟和保持网络内节点能量平衡,进而延长网络生存时间。
For the traditional ZigBee routing algorithm, there are problems that flooding routing requests consume lots of energy and energy consumption of nodes in the network are uneven, which shorten the network lifetime. An energy balanced routing algorithm is proposed that optimizes the selection of forwarding nodes.The RREQ broadcast radius is limited in the route discovery phase, and the optimal next-hop node is selected in the route selection phase. Synchronous low-power routing mechanism is implemented by periodically swapping sleep timings between nodes. The experimental results based on NS-2.35 show that compared with the traditional ZigBee routing algorithm, this algorithm can improve the average arrival rate of data packets,reduce the average end-to-end delay of data packets, maintain the energy balance of the nodes in the network,and then extend the network lifetime.
For the traditional ZigBee routing algorithm, there are problems that flooding routing requests consume lots of energy and energy consumption of nodes in the network are uneven, which shorten the network lifetime. An energy balanced routing algorithm is proposed that optimizes the selection of forwarding nodes.The RREQ broadcast radius is limited in the route discovery phase, and the optimal next-hop node is selected in the route selection phase. Synchronous low-power routing mechanism is implemented by periodically swapping sleep timings between nodes. The experimental results based on NS-2.35 show that compared with the traditional ZigBee routing algorithm, this algorithm can improve the average arrival rate of data packets,reduce the average end-to-end delay of data packets, maintain the energy balance of the nodes in the network,and then extend the network lifetime.
引文
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13 Teng Z,Zhang M,et al.Energy-Aware Tree Routing Optimization Algorithm for ZigBee Networks:ACognitive Perspective[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2016,48(11):109-115.
14 Lee K K,Kim S H,Hong S P.An Effective Broadcast Strategy for Route Discovery in the ZigBee Network[A].International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology[C].South Korea:IEEE,2008:1187-1191.
15 Bai L,Liu Y,Qian S,et al.Improved AODVjr Routing Algorithm Based on Node Depth in ZigBee Network[A].International Conference on Natural Computation,Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery[C].Changsha China:IEEE,2016:2042-2047.
16 Liu Z.Research and Improvement of AODVjr Protocol Based on Zig Bee Wireless Sensor Network[D].Guangzhou:South China University of Technology,2013.
17 Zhang J,Wu C.ZigBee Dynamic Routing Optimization Algorithm Based on Load Balance[J].Computer Engineering,2016,42(3):138-142.
18 Wang C,Chai Q.Energy balanced protocol research based on tree structure ZigBee[J].Computer Engineering&Design,2009,30(15):3534-3536.
19 Khatiri A,Mirjalily G.Energy-Efficient Shortcut Tree Routing in ZigBee Networks[A].Fourth International Conference on Computational Intelligence,Communication Systems and Networks[C].Thailand:IEEE,2012:117-122.
2 IEEE 802.15 Working Group.IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks-Part 15.4:Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks(LR-WPANs)[S],2011.
3 Sheng Z,Yang S,et al.A Survey on the IETF Protocol Suite for the Internet of Things:Standards,Challenges,and Opportunities[J].Wireless Communications IEEE,2013,20(6):91-98.
4 Farahani Shahin.Zig Bee Wireless Networks and Transceivers[M].Burlington,USA:Elsevier,2008:15-18.
5 Halawai S,Khan A W.Sensors Lifetime Enhancement Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks-A Survey[J].Journal of Computing,2010,2(5):34-47.
6 Chakeres Ion D,Klein-Berndt L.Aodvjr,AODVSimplified[J].ACM Sigmobile Mobile Computing&Communications Review,2002,6(3):100-101.
7 IEEE 802.15 Working Group.Cluster Tree Network[S],2011.
8 Giri D,Roy U K.Combined hybrid routing algorithm for WPAN[A].International Conference on Control,Instrumentation,Energy&Communication[C].Kolkata:IEEE,2016:496-500.
9 Ding G,Sahinoglu Z,et al.Tree-Based Data Broadcast in IEEE 802.15.4 and ZigBee Networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing,2006,5(11):1561-1574.
10 Kim T,Kim D,Park N,et al.Shortcut Tree Routing in ZigBee Networks[A].International Symposium on Wireless Pervasive Computing[C].Puerto Rico:IEEE,2007:42-47.
11 Kim T,Kim S H,Yang J,et al.Neighbor Table Based Shortcut Tree Routing in ZigBee Wireless Networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Parallel&Distributed Systems,2014,25(3):706-716.
12 Qiu W,Skafidas E,Hao P.Enhanced Tree Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks[J].Ad Hoc Networks,2009,7(3):638-650.
13 Teng Z,Zhang M,et al.Energy-Aware Tree Routing Optimization Algorithm for ZigBee Networks:ACognitive Perspective[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2016,48(11):109-115.
14 Lee K K,Kim S H,Hong S P.An Effective Broadcast Strategy for Route Discovery in the ZigBee Network[A].International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology[C].South Korea:IEEE,2008:1187-1191.
15 Bai L,Liu Y,Qian S,et al.Improved AODVjr Routing Algorithm Based on Node Depth in ZigBee Network[A].International Conference on Natural Computation,Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery[C].Changsha China:IEEE,2016:2042-2047.
16 Liu Z.Research and Improvement of AODVjr Protocol Based on Zig Bee Wireless Sensor Network[D].Guangzhou:South China University of Technology,2013.
17 Zhang J,Wu C.ZigBee Dynamic Routing Optimization Algorithm Based on Load Balance[J].Computer Engineering,2016,42(3):138-142.
18 Wang C,Chai Q.Energy balanced protocol research based on tree structure ZigBee[J].Computer Engineering&Design,2009,30(15):3534-3536.
19 Khatiri A,Mirjalily G.Energy-Efficient Shortcut Tree Routing in ZigBee Networks[A].Fourth International Conference on Computational Intelligence,Communication Systems and Networks[C].Thailand:IEEE,2012:117-122.