微流量控制钻井环空波动压力反问题研究
|
摘要
根据质量守恒及动量守恒方程,建立了微流量控制钻井过程中的节流阀调节的限压/限时动作模型,通过计算机编程对其求解,提出了有模型的节流阀控制环空波动压力方法。计算结果表明:环空中最大波动压力可通过限压/限时调节控制;节流阀控制环空最大波动压力均遵循省时不省压、省压不省时的规律,随限时减小环空波动压力高峰值增加,随限压减小节流阀调节时间增大,随井底溢流量增大,节流阀驻阀开度减小;节流阀关阀时间延长3.2s,节流阀开度低谷值增大2.5度,环空所受波动压力高峰值减小0.3MPa;限压/限时调节控制核心是采用触探式反复调节的方式控制节流阀开度。
During managing pressure drilling operations, precise control of annulus pressure based on the no-model and self-adjustment throttle valve control method cannot be achieved. In this paper, a time limited/pressure limited model for throttle valve control is established according to the mass conservation equation and momentum conservation equation. Control of throttle valve based on theoretical model is realized by solving the numerical solutions of the model by compiling the computer program. Calculation results show that the maximum fluctuating pressure can be controlled by the time limited/pressure limited adjustment. The maximum throttle control annulus pressure fluctuations are obey the law that saving pressure and wasting time or saving time and wasting pressure. With the decrease of the limited time, the maximum fluctuating pressure will be increased. With the decrease of limited pressure, the throttle valve adjustment time should be increased. With the increase of influx rate, the opening of throttle valve after the adjustment should be decreased. When the time for adjust throttle is prolonged to 3.2s, the minimum opening of throttle is increased 2.5 degrees, and fluctuations pressure is reduced 0.3MPa in annulus. The key of time limited/pressure limited control is to control the opening of throttle valve by repeated adjustment.
During managing pressure drilling operations, precise control of annulus pressure based on the no-model and self-adjustment throttle valve control method cannot be achieved. In this paper, a time limited/pressure limited model for throttle valve control is established according to the mass conservation equation and momentum conservation equation. Control of throttle valve based on theoretical model is realized by solving the numerical solutions of the model by compiling the computer program. Calculation results show that the maximum fluctuating pressure can be controlled by the time limited/pressure limited adjustment. The maximum throttle control annulus pressure fluctuations are obey the law that saving pressure and wasting time or saving time and wasting pressure. With the decrease of the limited time, the maximum fluctuating pressure will be increased. With the decrease of limited pressure, the throttle valve adjustment time should be increased. With the increase of influx rate, the opening of throttle valve after the adjustment should be decreased. When the time for adjust throttle is prolonged to 3.2s, the minimum opening of throttle is increased 2.5 degrees, and fluctuations pressure is reduced 0.3MPa in annulus. The key of time limited/pressure limited control is to control the opening of throttle valve by repeated adjustment.
引文
[1]BACON W A.Consideration of compressibility effects for applied-back-pressure dynamic well control response to a gas kick in managed pressure drilling operations[D].Arlington:University of Texas,2011.
[2]KUCZYNSKI W.Modeling of the propagation of a pressure wave during the condensation process of R134a refrigerant in a pipe minichannel under the periodic conditions of hydrodynamic disturbances[J].International journal of heat and mass transfer,2013,56(1/2):715-723.
[3]何世明,安文华,王书琪,等.高含硫钻井软关井水击压力的ADINA模型[J].天然气工业,2008(10):52-54.(HE Shiming,AN Wenhua,WANG Shuqi,et al.The ADINA model for water hammer pressure upon soft shut-in of high sulfur wells[J].Natural gas industry,2008(10):52-54(in Chinese)).
[4]WEYLER M E,STREETER V L,LARSEN P S.An investigation of the effect of cavitation bubbles on the momentum loss in transient pipe flow[J].ASME journal of basic engineering,1971,93,1-7.
[5]孔祥伟,林元华,邱伊婕.控压钻井中三相流体压力波速传播特性研究[J].力学学报,2014,46(6):886-894.(KONG Xiangwei,LIN Yuanhua,QIU Yijie.Research on pressure wave propagation characteristics in three-phase flow during managed pressure drilling[J].Chinese journal of theoretical and applied mechanics,2014,46(6):886-894(in Chinese)).
[6]李相方,郑权方.“硬关井”水击压力计算及其应用[J].石油钻探技术,1995,23(2):1-4.(LI Xiangfang,ZHENG Quanfang.Calculation and application of suger pressure for“hard closing”[J].Petroleum drilling techniques,1995,23(2):1-4(in Chinese)).
[7]孔祥伟,林元华,邱伊婕,等.气侵钻井过程中井底衡压的节流阀开度控制研究[J].应用数学和力学,2014(5):572-580.(KONG Xiangwei,LIN Yuanhua,QIU Yijie,et al.Research on throttle valve opening control to keep bottom hole pressure balance when gas influx occurs during drilling operations[J].Applied mathematics and mechanics,2014(5):572-580(in Chinese)).
[8]CHOI S K,HUANG W S.Impact of water hammer in deep sea water injection wells:SPE 146300[R].Denver,Colorado:Society of Petroleum Engineers,2011.
[9]SAEED S,LOVORN R,KNVDSEN K A.Automated drilling systems for MPD-the reality:IADC/SPE 151416[R].San Diego,California:IADC/SPE Drilling Conference and Exhibition,2012.
[10]LIN Yuanhua,KONG Xiangwei,QIU Yijie,et al.Calculation analysis of pressure wave velocity in gas and drilling mud two-phase fluid in annulus during drilling operations[J].Mathematical problems in engineering,2013,2013(3):831-842.
[11]郝俊芳.平衡钻井与井控[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1992.(HAO Junfang.Balanced drilling and well control[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1992(in Chinese)).
[12]万五一,练继建,李玉柱.阀门系统的过流特性及其对瞬变过程的影响[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2005(9):1198-1121.(WAN Wuyi,LIAN Jijian,LI Yuzhu.Influence of valve system discharge coefficient on hydraulic transients[J].Journal of Tsinghua university(science and technology),2005(9):1198-1121(in Chinese)).
[13]孔祥伟,林元华,邱伊婕.微流量控压钻井中节流阀动作对环空压力的影响[J].石油钻探技术,2014,42(3):22-26.(KONG Xiangwei,LIN Yuanhua,QIU Yijie.Effect of throttle valve on pressure along annular in micro-flow control pressure drilling[J].Petroleum drilling techniques,2014,42(3):22-26(in Chinese)).
[2]KUCZYNSKI W.Modeling of the propagation of a pressure wave during the condensation process of R134a refrigerant in a pipe minichannel under the periodic conditions of hydrodynamic disturbances[J].International journal of heat and mass transfer,2013,56(1/2):715-723.
[3]何世明,安文华,王书琪,等.高含硫钻井软关井水击压力的ADINA模型[J].天然气工业,2008(10):52-54.(HE Shiming,AN Wenhua,WANG Shuqi,et al.The ADINA model for water hammer pressure upon soft shut-in of high sulfur wells[J].Natural gas industry,2008(10):52-54(in Chinese)).
[4]WEYLER M E,STREETER V L,LARSEN P S.An investigation of the effect of cavitation bubbles on the momentum loss in transient pipe flow[J].ASME journal of basic engineering,1971,93,1-7.
[5]孔祥伟,林元华,邱伊婕.控压钻井中三相流体压力波速传播特性研究[J].力学学报,2014,46(6):886-894.(KONG Xiangwei,LIN Yuanhua,QIU Yijie.Research on pressure wave propagation characteristics in three-phase flow during managed pressure drilling[J].Chinese journal of theoretical and applied mechanics,2014,46(6):886-894(in Chinese)).
[6]李相方,郑权方.“硬关井”水击压力计算及其应用[J].石油钻探技术,1995,23(2):1-4.(LI Xiangfang,ZHENG Quanfang.Calculation and application of suger pressure for“hard closing”[J].Petroleum drilling techniques,1995,23(2):1-4(in Chinese)).
[7]孔祥伟,林元华,邱伊婕,等.气侵钻井过程中井底衡压的节流阀开度控制研究[J].应用数学和力学,2014(5):572-580.(KONG Xiangwei,LIN Yuanhua,QIU Yijie,et al.Research on throttle valve opening control to keep bottom hole pressure balance when gas influx occurs during drilling operations[J].Applied mathematics and mechanics,2014(5):572-580(in Chinese)).
[8]CHOI S K,HUANG W S.Impact of water hammer in deep sea water injection wells:SPE 146300[R].Denver,Colorado:Society of Petroleum Engineers,2011.
[9]SAEED S,LOVORN R,KNVDSEN K A.Automated drilling systems for MPD-the reality:IADC/SPE 151416[R].San Diego,California:IADC/SPE Drilling Conference and Exhibition,2012.
[10]LIN Yuanhua,KONG Xiangwei,QIU Yijie,et al.Calculation analysis of pressure wave velocity in gas and drilling mud two-phase fluid in annulus during drilling operations[J].Mathematical problems in engineering,2013,2013(3):831-842.
[11]郝俊芳.平衡钻井与井控[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1992.(HAO Junfang.Balanced drilling and well control[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1992(in Chinese)).
[12]万五一,练继建,李玉柱.阀门系统的过流特性及其对瞬变过程的影响[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2005(9):1198-1121.(WAN Wuyi,LIAN Jijian,LI Yuzhu.Influence of valve system discharge coefficient on hydraulic transients[J].Journal of Tsinghua university(science and technology),2005(9):1198-1121(in Chinese)).
[13]孔祥伟,林元华,邱伊婕.微流量控压钻井中节流阀动作对环空压力的影响[J].石油钻探技术,2014,42(3):22-26.(KONG Xiangwei,LIN Yuanhua,QIU Yijie.Effect of throttle valve on pressure along annular in micro-flow control pressure drilling[J].Petroleum drilling techniques,2014,42(3):22-26(in Chinese)).