聚合物/表面活性剂二元驱扩大波及体积性能
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摘要
利用微观刻蚀、层间非均质平板、层内非均质平板模型驱油实验研究聚合物/表面活性剂二元驱扩大波及体积性能。结果表明,残余油多以膜状、岛状、喉道、盲端、柱状、簇状等6种形式存在。微观上,二元驱转向水驱无法波及的含油孔隙区域内驱替残余油;宏观上,其对高渗透区域产生封堵,迫使其进入渗流阻力较小的低渗透区域内驱替残余油,扩大波及体积效果显著,提高采收率13.4%～14.3%。二元驱通过聚合物增加驱替液黏度,使其吸附及滞留在孔隙中,降低驱替相渗透率,驱替相流度减小;二元驱对油黏度影响很小,油聚集在驱替液前缘,增加油相渗透率,油相流度变大。由此,两相流度比减小,克服注水指进,增加吸水厚度,提高波及系数,进而提高采收率。
Oil displacement experiments were carried out using microetching and slabs with interlayer and intralayer heterogeneities, in order to investigate the performance of polymer/surfactant binary floods in enlarging the swept volumes. The results indicate that the residual oils exist in the form of films, islands, throats, dead ends, columns, and clusters. On the microscopic scale, the binary flooding was found to displace residual oils from oil-containing pores that could not be swept by water flooding. On the macroscopic scale, the binary flooding generated blockages in high-permeability zones, causing the floods to enter low-permeability zones with lower levels of resistance to seepage, thus displacing residual oils in these zones.Binary flooding increased recovery rates by 13.4 %～14.3 % as compared to water flooding,and thus had a significant effect on enlarging the swept volumes. In binary flooding, the polymer increased the viscosity of the displacing fluid, causing the latter to become adsorbed and retained in the pores. This effectively decreased the permeability and flow rate of the displacement phase.Meanwhile, binary flooding had a very small impact on oil viscosity, and therefore the oils aggregated along the leading edge of the displacing fluid, which increased the permeability and flow rate of the oil phase. Therefore, such binary flooding reduces the mobility ratio, prevents viscous fingering, and increases water intake thickness and conformance factor, thus improving oil recovery rates.
Oil displacement experiments were carried out using microetching and slabs with interlayer and intralayer heterogeneities, in order to investigate the performance of polymer/surfactant binary floods in enlarging the swept volumes. The results indicate that the residual oils exist in the form of films, islands, throats, dead ends, columns, and clusters. On the microscopic scale, the binary flooding was found to displace residual oils from oil-containing pores that could not be swept by water flooding. On the macroscopic scale, the binary flooding generated blockages in high-permeability zones, causing the floods to enter low-permeability zones with lower levels of resistance to seepage, thus displacing residual oils in these zones.Binary flooding increased recovery rates by 13.4 %～14.3 % as compared to water flooding,and thus had a significant effect on enlarging the swept volumes. In binary flooding, the polymer increased the viscosity of the displacing fluid, causing the latter to become adsorbed and retained in the pores. This effectively decreased the permeability and flow rate of the displacement phase.Meanwhile, binary flooding had a very small impact on oil viscosity, and therefore the oils aggregated along the leading edge of the displacing fluid, which increased the permeability and flow rate of the oil phase. Therefore, such binary flooding reduces the mobility ratio, prevents viscous fingering, and increases water intake thickness and conformance factor, thus improving oil recovery rates.
引文
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[9]罗莉涛,廖广志,严文瀚,等.化学驱中聚合物水动力学尺寸及最优匹配注入研究[J].油田化学,2016,33(1):125-130,136.doi:10.19346/j.cnki.1000-4092.-2016.01.028LUO Litao,LIAO Guangzhi,YAN Wenhan,et al.Study on hydrodynamic size and optimal matching injection of polymer in the chemical flooding[J].Oilfield Chemistry,2016,33(1):125-130,136.doi:10.19346/j.cnki.-1000-4092.2016.01.028
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[13]罗莉涛,刘先贵,廖广志,等.二元驱油水界面Marangoni对流启动残余油机理[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2015,37(4):152-160.doi:10.-11885/j.issn.1074-5086.2015.03.05.02LUO Litao,LIU Xiangui,LIAO Guangzhi,et al.The mobilization mechanism of residual oil by marangoni convection caused by binary flooding[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Scinece&Technology Editon),2015,37(4):152-160.doi:10.11885/j.issn.1074-5086.-2015.03.05.02
[14]李小波,刘曰武,李树皎,等.乳化和润湿反转现象的耗散粒子动力学研究[J].石油学报,2009,30(2):259-262,266.doi:10.7623/syxb200902017LI Xiaobo,LIU Yuewu,LI Shujiao,et al.Simulation of emulsification and wettability alteration phenomena with dissipative particle dynamics[J].ActaPetrolei Sinica,2009,30(2):259-262,266.doi:10.7623/syxb200902017
[15]王刚,王德民,夏惠芬,等.聚合物驱后用甜菜碱型表面活性剂提高驱油效率机理研究[J].石油学报,2007,28(4):86-90.doi:10.7623/syxb200704017WANG Gang,WANG Demin,XIA Huifen,et al.Mechanism for enhancing oil-displacement efficiency by betaine surfactant after polymer flooding[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(4):86-90.doi:10.7623/syxb200704017
[16]罗莉涛,刘卫东,朱文卿,等.港西三区聚表二元驱中表面活性剂优化筛选[J].科学技术与工程,2015,15(20):238-243.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-1815.2015.20.038LUO Litao,LIU Weidong,ZHU Wenqing,et al.Research on optimization selection method of surfactant of polymer/surfactant binary flooding for the west areas reservoir in Daqing Oilfield[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2015,15(20):238-243.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-1815.2015.20.038
[17]魏云云,罗莉涛,刘先贵,等.三元复合驱中碱提高采收率作用机理[J].科学技术与工程,2017,17(5):47-54.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-1815.2017.05.009WEI Yunyun,LUO Litao,LIU Xiangui,et al.Enhanced oil recovery mechanism of alkali in alkali-surfactant-polymer flooding[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2017,17(5):47-54.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-1815.2017.05.009
[18]刘义刚,卢琼,王江红,等.锦州9-3油田二元复合驱提高采收率研究[J].油气地质与采收率,2009,16(4):68-70,73.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-9603.2009.04.021LIU Yigang,LU Qiong,WANG Jianghong,et al.Research on EOR by binary combination flooding in Jinzhou 9-3Oilfield[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2009,16(4):68-70,73.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-9603.-2009.04.021
[19]魏云云,罗莉涛,刘先贵,等.聚合物凝胶调剖剂配方优选及性能评价[J].科技导报,2017,35(8):88-93.WEI Yunyun,LUO Litao,LIU Xiangui,et al.Formulation optimization and performance evaluation of polymer gel profile control agent[J].Science&Technology Review,2017,35(8):88-93.
[20]罗莉涛,刘卫东,姜伟,等.煤粉悬浮剂性能评价及现场实施方案设计与应用[J].钻井液与完井液,2015,32(3):30-34.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-5620.2015.03.009LUO Litao,LIU Weidong,JIANG Wei,et al.Evaluation operation program design and application of coal powder suspending agent[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2015,32(3):30-34.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-5620.2015.03.009
[21]韩大匡.关于高含水油田二次开发理念、对策和技术路线的探讨[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(5):583-591.HAN Dakuang.Discussions on concepts,countermeasures and technical routes for the redevelopment of high water-cut oilfields[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2010,37(5):583-591.
[2]熊生春,孙军昌,何英,等.低渗透油藏二元复合驱微观机制研究[J].科技导报,2012,30(35):20-24.doi:10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2012.35.001XIONG Shengchun,SUN Junchang,HE Ying,et al.Microscopic mechanism of binary combination flooding in low permeability reservoir[J].Science&Technology Review,2012,30(35):20-24.doi:10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2012.35.001
[3]郑浩,苏彦春,张迎春,等.聚合物-表面活性剂驱数值模拟技术理论与实践[J].科技导报,2013,31(16):30-34.doi:10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2013.16.007ZHENG Hao,SU Yanchun,ZHANG Yingchun,et al.Eclipse numerical simulation techniques for polymer surfactant flooding:Theory and practice[J].Science&Technology Review,2013,31(16):30-34.doi:10.3981/j.issn.-1000-7857.2013.16.007
[4]沈平平.国外油田提高采收率发展过程与现状[J].世界石油工业,2006,13(5):14-19.
[5]SHAH D O,SCHECHTER R S.Improved oil recovery by surfactant andpolymer flooding[M].New York:Academic Press,1977:45-48.
[6]RAI K,JOHNS R T,LAKE L W,et al.Oil-recovery predictions for surfactant polymer flooding[C].SPE 124001,2009.doi:10.2118/124001-MS
[7]LUO Litao,ZUO Luo,WEI Yunyun.A new method to calculate the absolute amount of supercritical methane adsorption on organic-rich shale[J].Adsorption Science&Technology,2015,33(10):939-954.doi:10.1260/0263-6174.33.10.939
[8]WANG Yefei,ZHAO Fulin,BAI Baojun.Optimized surfactant IFT and polymer viscosity for surfactant-polymer flooding in heterogeneous formations[C].SPE 127391,2010.doi:10.2118/127391-MS
[9]罗莉涛,廖广志,严文瀚,等.化学驱中聚合物水动力学尺寸及最优匹配注入研究[J].油田化学,2016,33(1):125-130,136.doi:10.19346/j.cnki.1000-4092.-2016.01.028LUO Litao,LIAO Guangzhi,YAN Wenhan,et al.Study on hydrodynamic size and optimal matching injection of polymer in the chemical flooding[J].Oilfield Chemistry,2016,33(1):125-130,136.doi:10.19346/j.cnki.-1000-4092.2016.01.028
[10]朱友益,侯庆锋,简国庆,等.化学复合驱技术研究与应用现状及发展趋势[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(1):90-96.ZHU Youyi,HOU Qingfeng,JIAN Guoqing,et al.Current development and application of chemical combination flooding technique[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development.2013,40(1):90-96.
[11]刘卫东,罗莉涛,廖广志,等.聚合物-表面活性剂二元驱提高采收率机理实验[J].石油勘探与开发,2017,44(4):1-8.doi:10.11698/PED.2017.04.00LIU Weidong,LUO Litao,LIAO Guangzhi,et al.Mechanism for enhanced oil recovery of polymer/surfactant binary flooding[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2017,44(4):1-8.doi:10.11698/PED.2017.04.00
[12]朱友益,张翼,牛佳玲,等.无碱表面活性剂-聚合物复合驱技术研究进展[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(3):346-351.ZHU Youyi,ZHANG Yi,NIU Jialing,et al.The progressin the alkali-free surfactant-polymer combination flooding technique[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(3):346-351.
[13]罗莉涛,刘先贵,廖广志,等.二元驱油水界面Marangoni对流启动残余油机理[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2015,37(4):152-160.doi:10.-11885/j.issn.1074-5086.2015.03.05.02LUO Litao,LIU Xiangui,LIAO Guangzhi,et al.The mobilization mechanism of residual oil by marangoni convection caused by binary flooding[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Scinece&Technology Editon),2015,37(4):152-160.doi:10.11885/j.issn.1074-5086.-2015.03.05.02
[14]李小波,刘曰武,李树皎,等.乳化和润湿反转现象的耗散粒子动力学研究[J].石油学报,2009,30(2):259-262,266.doi:10.7623/syxb200902017LI Xiaobo,LIU Yuewu,LI Shujiao,et al.Simulation of emulsification and wettability alteration phenomena with dissipative particle dynamics[J].ActaPetrolei Sinica,2009,30(2):259-262,266.doi:10.7623/syxb200902017
[15]王刚,王德民,夏惠芬,等.聚合物驱后用甜菜碱型表面活性剂提高驱油效率机理研究[J].石油学报,2007,28(4):86-90.doi:10.7623/syxb200704017WANG Gang,WANG Demin,XIA Huifen,et al.Mechanism for enhancing oil-displacement efficiency by betaine surfactant after polymer flooding[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(4):86-90.doi:10.7623/syxb200704017
[16]罗莉涛,刘卫东,朱文卿,等.港西三区聚表二元驱中表面活性剂优化筛选[J].科学技术与工程,2015,15(20):238-243.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-1815.2015.20.038LUO Litao,LIU Weidong,ZHU Wenqing,et al.Research on optimization selection method of surfactant of polymer/surfactant binary flooding for the west areas reservoir in Daqing Oilfield[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2015,15(20):238-243.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-1815.2015.20.038
[17]魏云云,罗莉涛,刘先贵,等.三元复合驱中碱提高采收率作用机理[J].科学技术与工程,2017,17(5):47-54.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-1815.2017.05.009WEI Yunyun,LUO Litao,LIU Xiangui,et al.Enhanced oil recovery mechanism of alkali in alkali-surfactant-polymer flooding[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2017,17(5):47-54.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-1815.2017.05.009
[18]刘义刚,卢琼,王江红,等.锦州9-3油田二元复合驱提高采收率研究[J].油气地质与采收率,2009,16(4):68-70,73.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-9603.2009.04.021LIU Yigang,LU Qiong,WANG Jianghong,et al.Research on EOR by binary combination flooding in Jinzhou 9-3Oilfield[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2009,16(4):68-70,73.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-9603.-2009.04.021
[19]魏云云,罗莉涛,刘先贵,等.聚合物凝胶调剖剂配方优选及性能评价[J].科技导报,2017,35(8):88-93.WEI Yunyun,LUO Litao,LIU Xiangui,et al.Formulation optimization and performance evaluation of polymer gel profile control agent[J].Science&Technology Review,2017,35(8):88-93.
[20]罗莉涛,刘卫东,姜伟,等.煤粉悬浮剂性能评价及现场实施方案设计与应用[J].钻井液与完井液,2015,32(3):30-34.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-5620.2015.03.009LUO Litao,LIU Weidong,JIANG Wei,et al.Evaluation operation program design and application of coal powder suspending agent[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2015,32(3):30-34.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-5620.2015.03.009
[21]韩大匡.关于高含水油田二次开发理念、对策和技术路线的探讨[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(5):583-591.HAN Dakuang.Discussions on concepts,countermeasures and technical routes for the redevelopment of high water-cut oilfields[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2010,37(5):583-591.