基于铒镱共掺纳米晶的聚合物光波导放大器的增益特性
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摘要
通过理论模拟和计算对基于氟钇钠(Na YF4)∶镱(Yb~(3+)),铒(Er~(3+))纳米晶的聚合物光波导放大器在1.55 mm处的增益特性进行了研究。分析中采用的波导芯层为Na YF4∶18%Yb~(3+),10%Er~(3+)纳米晶掺杂的SU-8 2005聚合物,包层为P(MMAGMA)聚合物。通过测试和分析纳米晶材料的吸收光谱和荧光光谱,利用Judd-Ofelt理论计算出了相应的Judd-Ofelt参数:Ω2=6.302×10-20cm2,Ω4=0.69×10-20cm2,Ω6=7.572×10-20cm2。通过求解原子速率方程与光功率传输方程模拟分析了波导放大器在1.55μm波长的增益特性,得到的增益曲线具有饱和效应,当Er~(3+)离子浓度为7.5×1025m-3时获得的最大增益为9.7 d B。以Si O2作为下包层,Na YF4∶Yb~(3+),Er~(3+)纳米晶掺杂的SU-8 2005聚合物作为芯层,P(MMA-GMA)聚合物作为上包层,制备了聚合物光波导放大器,当波长为980 nm的抽运光功率为170 m W、信号光功率为0.1 m W时,器件获得的最大相对增益为3.42 d B/cm。
Gain characteristics of waveguide amplifiers based on SU-8 2005 doped with Na YF4∶18%Yb~(3+), 10%Er~(3+)nanocrystals(NCs) at 1.55μmm wavelength are investigated through numerical simulations. Na YF4∶18%Yb~(3+),10%Er~(3+)NCs are doped into SU-8 2005 polymer matrix as the core of the polymer waveguide, and the P(MMA-GMA)polymer is used as the top cladding. The absorption spectrum and photoluminescence spectrum of the NCs are measured and analyzed. The Judd- Ofelt parameters are achieved by means of Judd- Ofelt theory:Ω2= 6.302 × 10-20cm2, Ω4= 0.69 × 10-20cm2, Ω6= 7.572 × 10-20cm2. The gain characteristics of the waveguide amplifier at 1.55 μm wavelength are simulated by combining the power propagation equations as well as the atomic rate equations. The gain curves have the saturation effects. The maximum gain of 9.7 d B with the Er~(3+)concentration of7.5×1025m- 3is obtained. The top cladding of the waveguide amplifier with SU- 8 doped with Na YF4∶Yb3 +, Er3 +nanocrystals is P(MMA-GMA), and bottom cladding is Si O2, respectively. For input signal power of 0.1 m W and980 nm pump power of 170 m W, a relative optical gain of 3.42 d B/cm at 1550 nm is obtained.
Gain characteristics of waveguide amplifiers based on SU-8 2005 doped with Na YF4∶18%Yb~(3+), 10%Er~(3+)nanocrystals(NCs) at 1.55μmm wavelength are investigated through numerical simulations. Na YF4∶18%Yb~(3+),10%Er~(3+)NCs are doped into SU-8 2005 polymer matrix as the core of the polymer waveguide, and the P(MMA-GMA)polymer is used as the top cladding. The absorption spectrum and photoluminescence spectrum of the NCs are measured and analyzed. The Judd- Ofelt parameters are achieved by means of Judd- Ofelt theory:Ω2= 6.302 × 10-20cm2, Ω4= 0.69 × 10-20cm2, Ω6= 7.572 × 10-20cm2. The gain characteristics of the waveguide amplifier at 1.55 μm wavelength are simulated by combining the power propagation equations as well as the atomic rate equations. The gain curves have the saturation effects. The maximum gain of 9.7 d B with the Er~(3+)concentration of7.5×1025m- 3is obtained. The top cladding of the waveguide amplifier with SU- 8 doped with Na YF4∶Yb3 +, Er3 +nanocrystals is P(MMA-GMA), and bottom cladding is Si O2, respectively. For input signal power of 0.1 m W and980 nm pump power of 170 m W, a relative optical gain of 3.42 d B/cm at 1550 nm is obtained.
引文
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18 Li Tong,Zhang Daming.Optical Design and Preparation of Er3+-Yb3+Co-Doped Polymeric Planar Optical Waveguide Amplifiers[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2012:19-22.李彤,张大明.铒镱共掺有机聚合物平面光波导放大器的优化设计与制备[D].长春:吉林大学,2012:19-22.
19 Zhai Xuesong,Liu Shusen,Liu Xinyang,et al..Sub-10 nm Ba YF5∶Yb3+,Er3+core-shell nanoparticles with intense 1.53μm fluorescence for polymer-based waveguide amplifiers[J].J Mater Chem C,2013,1:1525-1530.
20 Liu Xinyang,Wang Fei.Er3+-Yb3+Co-Doped Nanocrystals Polymeric Planar Optical Waveguide Amplifier[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2013:26-27.刘馨阳,王菲.铒镱纳米颗粒掺杂有机聚合物平面光波导放大器的研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2013:26-27.
2 Yang Xianglin.Optical Amplifier and Its Application[M].Beijing:Electronic Industry Press,2000.杨祥林.光放大器及其应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2000.
3 Du Yang,Hu Guijun,Bai Song,et al..High power all-optical gain-clamped and gain-flattened fiber amplifier[J].Chinese J Lasers,2014,41(12):1205003.杜洋,胡贵军,柏松,等.全光增益控制的增益平坦型高功率光纤放大器[J].中国激光,2014,41(12):1205003.
4 Zhou Kejiang,Pan Shuming,Ngo Nam Quoc,et al..Gain equalization of EDFA using a loop filter with a single polarization controller[J].Chin Opt Lett,2012,10(7):070604.
5 S Singh,R S Kaler.Flat gain L-band Raman-EDFA hybrid optical amplifier for dense wavelength division multiplexed system[J].IEEE Photon Technol Lett,2013,25(3):250-252.
6 Zheng Libing,Wang Jianbin,Liang Xu,et al..Study of polymer optical waveguide amplifier at 1.55μm wavelength[J].Chinese J Lasers,2012,39(1):105003.郑礼炳,汪建斌,梁旭,等.1.55μm波段聚合物光波导放大器的研究[J].中国激光,2012,39(1):105003.
7 Li Tong,Zhang Daming.Optical Design and Preparation of Er3+-Yb3+Co-Doped Polymeric Planar Optical Waveguide Amplifiers[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2009:2-3.李彤,张大明.铒镱共掺聚合物平面光波导放大器的研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2009:2-3.
8 Zhai Xuesong,Li Jie,Liu Shusen,et al..Enhancement of 1.53μm emission band in Na YF4∶Er3+,Yb3+,Ce3+nanocrystals for polymerbased optical waveguide amplifiers[J].Opt Mater Express,2013,3(2):270-277.
9 Han Chao,Yue Yuanbin,Zhao Shimin,et al..Design and fabrication of 650 nm arrayed waveguide grating[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2013,33(3):0323002.韩超,岳元斌,赵世民,等.650 nm阵列波导光栅波分复用器的设计与制备[J].光学学报,2013,33(3):0323002.
10 Chen Cong,Zhang Dan,Li Tong,et al..Demonstration of optical gain at 1550 nm in erbium-ytterbium co-doped polymer waveguide amplifier[J].J Nanosci Nanotechno,2010,10(3):1947-1950.
11 Chen Xi,Wang Tianjiao,Liu Shusen,et al..Polymer planar waveguide amplifier doped with Li YF4∶Er,Yb nanocrystals[J].Chinese J Lasers,2014,41(2):0206001.陈曦,王天娇,刘树森,等.掺杂Li YF4∶Er,Yb纳米晶的聚合物平面光波导放大器[J].中国激光,2014,41(2):0206001.
12 Wong W H,Chan K S,Pun E Y B,et al..Ultraviolet direct printing of rare-earth-doped polymer waveguide amplifiers[J].Appl Phys Lett,2005,87(1):011103.
13 Bo S H,Hu J,Chen Z,et al..Core-shell La F3∶Er,Yb nanocrystal doped sol-gel materials as waveguide amplifiers[J].Appl Phys B,2009,97(3):665-669.
14 Lei Ka-Long,Chow Cheuk-Fai,Tsang Kwok-Chu,et al..Long aliphatic chain coated rare-earth nanocrystal as polymer-based optical waveguide amplifiers[J].J Mater Chem,2010,20:7526–7529.
15 Liu Xinyang,Chen Xi,Zhai Xuesong,et al..Na YF4nanocrystals with intense 1530 nm fluorescence for polymer optical waveguide amplifiers[J].J Nanosci Nanotechnol,2014,14(5):3499-3502.
16 Zhang Dan,Chen Cong,Wang Fei,et al..Optical gain and upconversion luminescence in La F3∶Er,Yb nanoparticles-doped organicinorganic hybrid materials waveguid eamplifier[J].Appl Phys B,2010,98(4):791-795.
17 Ma Chunsheng,Qin Zhengkun,Zhang Daming.The Design and Simulation of Optical Waveguide Device[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2012:250-284.马春生,秦政坤,张大明.光波导器件设计与模拟[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2012:250-284.
18 Li Tong,Zhang Daming.Optical Design and Preparation of Er3+-Yb3+Co-Doped Polymeric Planar Optical Waveguide Amplifiers[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2012:19-22.李彤,张大明.铒镱共掺有机聚合物平面光波导放大器的优化设计与制备[D].长春:吉林大学,2012:19-22.
19 Zhai Xuesong,Liu Shusen,Liu Xinyang,et al..Sub-10 nm Ba YF5∶Yb3+,Er3+core-shell nanoparticles with intense 1.53μm fluorescence for polymer-based waveguide amplifiers[J].J Mater Chem C,2013,1:1525-1530.
20 Liu Xinyang,Wang Fei.Er3+-Yb3+Co-Doped Nanocrystals Polymeric Planar Optical Waveguide Amplifier[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2013:26-27.刘馨阳,王菲.铒镱纳米颗粒掺杂有机聚合物平面光波导放大器的研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2013:26-27.