波斯湾盆地烃源岩特征及对油气成藏的控制
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摘要
波斯湾盆地油气地质条件优越,发育古生界志留系、中生界侏罗系、白垩系3套主力烃源岩,均沉积于海侵时期的陆架内盆地相闭塞环境。志留系烃源岩为Qusaiba段热页岩,具有高GR、高有机质含量的特点,整个中东均有发育,但非连续分布,整体处于高成熟—过成熟阶段。侏罗系烃源岩为中—上侏罗统沥青质灰岩与黑色页岩,有机质丰度高,发育3个烃源灶,目前主要处于生油阶段,局部生气。白垩系烃源岩为Kazhdumi组、Balambo组及Sulaiy组泥岩,有机质丰度高,主要发育于扎格罗斯褶皱带及波斯湾西北部,处于生油阶段。烃源岩对盆地的油气成藏具有显著的控制作用,主力烃源灶的发育范围决定了其对应含油气系统内油气藏的平面分布规律,热演化程度决定了油气藏的类型。
Favorable oil and gas geological conditions occur in the Persian Gulf Basin.There are three main source rocks,i.e.the Silurian,Jurassic and Cretaceous.All the three sets of source rocks are deposited in an intra-shelf basin during the time of transgression.The Silurian source rock is the hot shale of the Qusaiba Member with very high GR and TOC.This hot shale,which is highly matured and/or over matured,is distributed in the whole region of Mid-East discontinuously.The Jurassic source rock is bituminous limestone and black shale of mid-upper Jurassic with high TOC.Three source kitchens are developed in Jurassic.The Jurassic source rock is still remained in oil window,with a few in gas window locally.Cretaceous source rock is the mudstone in the Kazhdumi,Balambo,and Sulaiy Formations with high TOC.It is developed mainly in the Zagros fold belt and the NW Persian Gulf,and is oil matured.According to the research made previously,source rocks have notable control on oil and gas accumulations.The distribution of source kitchens controls the spatial distribution of oil and gas accumulation in each petroleum system.The maturity of source rocks controls the type of liquid,either oil or gas.
Favorable oil and gas geological conditions occur in the Persian Gulf Basin.There are three main source rocks,i.e.the Silurian,Jurassic and Cretaceous.All the three sets of source rocks are deposited in an intra-shelf basin during the time of transgression.The Silurian source rock is the hot shale of the Qusaiba Member with very high GR and TOC.This hot shale,which is highly matured and/or over matured,is distributed in the whole region of Mid-East discontinuously.The Jurassic source rock is bituminous limestone and black shale of mid-upper Jurassic with high TOC.Three source kitchens are developed in Jurassic.The Jurassic source rock is still remained in oil window,with a few in gas window locally.Cretaceous source rock is the mudstone in the Kazhdumi,Balambo,and Sulaiy Formations with high TOC.It is developed mainly in the Zagros fold belt and the NW Persian Gulf,and is oil matured.According to the research made previously,source rocks have notable control on oil and gas accumulations.The distribution of source kitchens controls the spatial distribution of oil and gas accumulation in each petroleum system.The maturity of source rocks controls the type of liquid,either oil or gas.
引文
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[24]Hakami A,Al-Mubarak A,Al-Ramadan K,et al.Characterization of carbonate mudrocks of the Jurassic Tuwaiq Mountain Formation,Jafurah basin,Saudi Arabia:Implications for unconventional reservoir potential evaluation[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2016:1-20.
[25]Al-Suwaidi A S,Taher A K,Alsharhan A S,et al.Stratigraphy and geochemistry of Upper Jurassic Diyab formation,Abu Dhabi,U.A.E.[J].SEPM Special Publication,2000(69):249-271.
[26]王学军,赵玉光.波斯湾盆地的叠合演化与油气资源分布[J].地质科学,2012,47(4):1231-1232.
[27]白国平.波斯湾盆地油气分布主控因素初探[J].中国石油大学学报.自然科学版,2007,31(3):28-38.
[28]贾小乐,何登发,童晓光.扎格罗斯前陆盆地大油气田的形成条件与分布规律[J].中国石油勘探,2013,18(5):54-67.
[29]贾小乐,何登发,童晓光,等.波斯湾盆地大气田的形成条件与分布规律[J].中国石油勘探,2011,3:8-22.
[30]王一帆,白国平.中阿拉伯盆地油气分布规律和主控因素研究[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2014,34(2):104-112.
[2]张鑫,胡孝林,谢楠,等.阿联酋地区古生界碳酸盐岩油气成藏与勘探潜力[J].海洋地质前沿,2016,32(6):16-22.
[3]朱伟林,白国平,李劲松,等.中东含油气盆地[M].北京:科学出版社,2014.
[4]张宁宁,何登发,孙衍鹏,等.全球碳酸盐岩大油气田分布特征及其控制因素[J].中国石油勘探,2014,19(6):54-65.
[5]Alsharhan A S,M Nairn A E.Sedimentary basin and petroleum geology of the Middle East[M].Amsterdam:Elservier Science B V,2003:559-574.
[6]Ziegler M A.Late Permian to Holocene paleofacies evolution of the Arabian plate and its hydrocarbon occurrences[J].GeoArabia,2001,6(3):445-504.
[7]Al-Husseini M.Carboniferous,Permian and Early Triassic Arabian Stratigraphy[M].GeoArabia Special Publication3,Gulf Petrolink,Bahrain.2004:7-13.
[8]李浩武,童晓光.波斯湾盆地Khuff组成藏组合地质特征[J].天然气地球科学,2012,23(4):732-735.
[9]范春花,胡孝林,黄兴文,等.卡塔尔鲁卜哈利盆地古生界生储盖组合特征[J].西南石油大学学报,2013,35(2):23-28.
[10]Aali J.Geochemistry and origin of the world's Largest gas field from Persian Gulf,Iran[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2006,50:161-175.
[11]Abu-Ali M,Littke R.Palaeozoic petroleum systems of Saudi Arabia:a basin mdeling approach[J].Geo Arabia,2005,10(3):131-168.
[12]Beydoun Z R,Hughes-Clarke M W,Stoneley R.Petroleum in Zagros Basin:A Late Tertiary foreland basin overprinted onto the outer edge of a vast hydrocarbon-rich Paleozoic passive-margin shelf[C]∥Macqueen R W,Leckie D A.Foreland basins and Fold Belts.AAPG Memoir 55,1992:309-339.
[13]杨永才,孙玉梅,李友川,等.波斯湾盆地烃源岩地球化学特征与油气分布规律[J].海洋地质前沿,2013,29(5):36-46.
[14]Cole G A,Abu-Ali M A,Aoudeh S M,et al.Organic Geochemistry of the Paleozoic Petroleum System of Saudi Arabia[J].Energy&Fuels,1994,8:1425-1442.
[15]Cole G A,Abu-Ali M A,Aoudeh S M,et al.Organic Geochemistry of the Paleozoic Petroleum System of Saudi Arabia[J].Energy&Fuels,1994,8:1425-1442.
[16]Lüning S,Craig J,Loydell D K,et al.Lower Silurian‘hot shales’in North Africa and Arabia:regional distribution and depositional model[J].Earth-Science Reviews,49(2000):121-200.
[17]Aqrawi A A M.Paleozoic stratigraphy and petroleum systems of the western and southwestern deserts of Iraq.GeoArabia,1998(3):229-248.
[18]Ahlbrandt T S,Okasheh O A,Lewan M D.A Middle East basin center hydrocarbon accumulation in Paleozoic rocks,eastern Jordan,western Iraq and surrounding regions abstract.AAPG Intern.Conf.and Exhib,7-10Sept.1997,Vienna.
[19]Jones P J,Stump T E.Depositional and tectonic setting of the lower Silurian hydrocarbon source rock facies,Central Saudi Arabia[J].AAPG Bulletin,1999(83):314-332.
[20]Hughes Clarke M W.Stratigraphy and rock unit nomenclature in the oil-producing area of Interior Oman[J].Journal of Petroleum Geology,(1988)11:5-60.
[21]郑磊,金之钧,周瑾.鲁卜哈里盆地志留系热页岩特征及成熟度演化史[J].石油实验地质,2013,35(6):668-675.
[22]Bordenave M L.The origin of the Permo-Triassic gas accumulations in the Iranian Zagros Foldbelt and contiguous offshore areas:A review of Paleozoic Petroleum System[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2000,49(1-4):121-200.
[23]Beydoun Z R,Clarke M W H,Stoneley R.Petroleum in the Zagros Basin:a Late Tertiary foreland basin overprinted onto the outer edge of a vast hydrocarbon rich Paleozoic Mesozoic passive margin shelf[J].Aapg Memoir,1992(55):309-339.
[24]Hakami A,Al-Mubarak A,Al-Ramadan K,et al.Characterization of carbonate mudrocks of the Jurassic Tuwaiq Mountain Formation,Jafurah basin,Saudi Arabia:Implications for unconventional reservoir potential evaluation[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2016:1-20.
[25]Al-Suwaidi A S,Taher A K,Alsharhan A S,et al.Stratigraphy and geochemistry of Upper Jurassic Diyab formation,Abu Dhabi,U.A.E.[J].SEPM Special Publication,2000(69):249-271.
[26]王学军,赵玉光.波斯湾盆地的叠合演化与油气资源分布[J].地质科学,2012,47(4):1231-1232.
[27]白国平.波斯湾盆地油气分布主控因素初探[J].中国石油大学学报.自然科学版,2007,31(3):28-38.
[28]贾小乐,何登发,童晓光.扎格罗斯前陆盆地大油气田的形成条件与分布规律[J].中国石油勘探,2013,18(5):54-67.
[29]贾小乐,何登发,童晓光,等.波斯湾盆地大气田的形成条件与分布规律[J].中国石油勘探,2011,3:8-22.
[30]王一帆,白国平.中阿拉伯盆地油气分布规律和主控因素研究[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2014,34(2):104-112.