水库年平均淤损率影响因素分析
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摘要
水库年平均淤损率是反映水库在某一时段内库容年平均淤损程度的重要指标。分析表明,水库年平均淤损率主要与库沙比(总库容/年平均入库沙量)、水库运用方式、入库水沙过程、水库运行阶段密切相关。通常情况下,水库库沙比越大,淤积占库容的比例就越小,水库年平均淤损率也越小。水库采取有利排沙的运用方式,水库的淤积量就较少,年平均淤损率也较小。有利的入库水沙条件,如大水小沙这样的水沙组合,年平均淤损率也较小。水库运用初期与后期相比,由于库区过水面积较大、流速较低,水流输沙能力较小,泥沙不易排往下游,库区淤积泥沙较多,水库年平均淤损率也较高。因此,降低水库年平均淤损率可以通过增加库沙比、采用有利排沙的水库运用方式和优化入库水沙过程等综合措施来实现。
The annual average deposition rate of reservoirs is an index reflecting the annual average capacity loss of reservoirs within a certain period. The analysis shows that the annual average deposition rate of the reservoirs decreases with the increase of the storage-sediment ratio(total storage capacity/annual average volume of sediment into reservoirs), which is closely related to the operation mode, reservoir sediment inflow process, and sand operation stages of reservoirs. Under normal circumstances, the larger the storage-sediment ratio of reservoir is, the smaller the annual average deposition rate of the reservoirs will be. The reservoirs adopting the operation mode of favorable sediment discharge have less deposition and smaller average annual deposition rates. The reservoir sediment inflow process is also an important factor affecting the annual average deposition rate of reservoirs. Under the conditions of large water flow and small sediment volume, the annual average deposition rate decreases. Generally, in the early stage of reservoir operation, the annual average deposition rate of a reservoir is higher due to the larger water flow area in the reservoir area, smaller sediment carrying capacity of flow, and greater amounts of sediment in the reservoir area. Therefore, reducing the annual average deposition rate of reservoirs can be achieved by increasing the storage-sediment ratio, adopting the reservoir operation mode of advantageous sediment discharge and optimizing the process of water and sediment inflows into reservoir.
The annual average deposition rate of reservoirs is an index reflecting the annual average capacity loss of reservoirs within a certain period. The analysis shows that the annual average deposition rate of the reservoirs decreases with the increase of the storage-sediment ratio(total storage capacity/annual average volume of sediment into reservoirs), which is closely related to the operation mode, reservoir sediment inflow process, and sand operation stages of reservoirs. Under normal circumstances, the larger the storage-sediment ratio of reservoir is, the smaller the annual average deposition rate of the reservoirs will be. The reservoirs adopting the operation mode of favorable sediment discharge have less deposition and smaller average annual deposition rates. The reservoir sediment inflow process is also an important factor affecting the annual average deposition rate of reservoirs. Under the conditions of large water flow and small sediment volume, the annual average deposition rate decreases. Generally, in the early stage of reservoir operation, the annual average deposition rate of a reservoir is higher due to the larger water flow area in the reservoir area, smaller sediment carrying capacity of flow, and greater amounts of sediment in the reservoir area. Therefore, reducing the annual average deposition rate of reservoirs can be achieved by increasing the storage-sediment ratio, adopting the reservoir operation mode of advantageous sediment discharge and optimizing the process of water and sediment inflows into reservoir.
引文
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[2] 姜乃森,傅玲燕.中国的水库泥沙淤积问题[J].湖泊科学,1997(1):1-8.
[3] 邓安军,陈建国,胡海华,等.水库淤损控制与库容恢复研究综述[J].人民黄河,2019(1):1-5.
[4] 胡春宏,陈建国,郭庆超.三门峡水库淤积与潼关高程[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.
[5] 陈建国,周文浩,韩闪闪.三门峡水库水沙运动的若干规律——兼论水库溯源冲刷对黄河下游河道的影响[J].水利学报,2014,45(10):1165-1174.
[6] Chen J G,Zhou W H,Han S S,et al.Influences of retrogressive erosion of reservoir on sedimentation of its downstream river channel——a case study on Sanmenxia Reservoir and the lower Yellow River[J].International Journal of Sediment Research,2017,32(3):373-383.
[7] 陈建国,周文浩,孙平.论小浪底水库近期调水调沙在黄河下游河道冲刷中的作用[J].泥沙研究,2009(3):1-7.
[8] 陈建国,周文浩,陈强.小浪底水库“拦沙后期”水沙调控运用的思考[J].人民黄河,2012,34(5):1-3.
[9] 陈建国,周文浩,韩闪闪.黄河小浪底水库拦沙后期运用方式的思考与建议[J].水利学报,2015,46(5):574-583.
[10] 陈建国,周文浩,孙高虎.论黄河小浪底水库拦沙后期的运用及水沙调控[J].泥沙研究,2016(4):1-8.
[11] 胡春宏,王延贵,张世奇,等.官厅水库泥沙淤积与水沙调控[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2003.