双浮箱式浮式防波堤消浪性能试验研究
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摘要
浮式防波堤在港口海岸工程、近海工程、海洋工程和水产养殖等诸多领域有广阔的应用前景。与单浮箱式浮式防波堤相比,多浮箱式浮式防波堤可提高其消浪性能。对双浮箱式浮式防波堤进行了二维波浪物理模型试验,分析了浮箱宽度、前后浮箱连接方式、前后浮箱间距以及浮箱入水深度等因素对浮式防波堤消浪性能的影响。研究结果表明:对于单浮箱式浮式防波堤,试验范围内浮箱宽度增大一倍后消浪效果改善并不相对明显;前后浮箱刚性连接的双浮箱式浮堤的波浪透射系数均小于前后浮箱自由的双浮箱式浮堤和相同浮箱宽度的单浮箱式浮堤,浮堤消浪性能提高;由于前后浮箱相对间距太大时前后浮箱的相互作用减弱,浮堤的波浪反射系数变小,而不同前后浮箱相对间距的波能损耗系数整体上差别较小,双浮箱式浮堤的波浪透射系数整体上随着前后浮箱相对间距D/2B的增大先减小然后变大,在相对间距D/2B为1.0~1.5时双浮箱式浮堤的波浪透射系数相比最小;不同波高和波浪周期下,浮堤的波浪透射系数均随着浮箱相对入水深度的增大而减小。
Floating breakwater has broad application prospects in many areas, e. g. harbor and coastal engineering, offshore engineering,ocean engineering and aquaculture. Compared with the traditional single-pontoon floating breakwater,the multi-pontoon floating breakwater can improve the wave attenuation performance. In this research,the twin-pontoon floating breakwater is studied in the 2 D model tests,to analyze the influence of pontoon width,connecting types,relative space and relative draft on the wave attenuation performance. The study results show that for the single-pontoon floating breakwater,the increased one time pontoon width does not improve the wave attenuation performance significantly. Comparison of the twin-pontoon floating breakwater with free pontoons and the single-pontoon floating breakwater with the same pontoon width shows that the wave transmission coefficients of the twin-pontoon floating breakwater with pontoons rigidly connected are all smaller,indicating that the twin-pontoon floating breakwater with free pontoons is improved. Due to the fact that the interaction between the twin pontoons becomes smaller when the relative space between them is too large with the reduced wave reflection coefficient,and the difference among the wave energy dissipation coefficients for different relative spaces is relatively small,the wave transmission coefficients of the twin-pontoon floating breakwater first decrease and then increase with the relative space increasing,and the wave transmission coefficients are the smallest when the relative space D/2 B is in the range of 1.0 to 1. 5. Under different wave conditions,the wave transmission coefficients all decrease with the relative draft increasing.
Floating breakwater has broad application prospects in many areas, e. g. harbor and coastal engineering, offshore engineering,ocean engineering and aquaculture. Compared with the traditional single-pontoon floating breakwater,the multi-pontoon floating breakwater can improve the wave attenuation performance. In this research,the twin-pontoon floating breakwater is studied in the 2 D model tests,to analyze the influence of pontoon width,connecting types,relative space and relative draft on the wave attenuation performance. The study results show that for the single-pontoon floating breakwater,the increased one time pontoon width does not improve the wave attenuation performance significantly. Comparison of the twin-pontoon floating breakwater with free pontoons and the single-pontoon floating breakwater with the same pontoon width shows that the wave transmission coefficients of the twin-pontoon floating breakwater with pontoons rigidly connected are all smaller,indicating that the twin-pontoon floating breakwater with free pontoons is improved. Due to the fact that the interaction between the twin pontoons becomes smaller when the relative space between them is too large with the reduced wave reflection coefficient,and the difference among the wave energy dissipation coefficients for different relative spaces is relatively small,the wave transmission coefficients of the twin-pontoon floating breakwater first decrease and then increase with the relative space increasing,and the wave transmission coefficients are the smallest when the relative space D/2 B is in the range of 1.0 to 1. 5. Under different wave conditions,the wave transmission coefficients all decrease with the relative draft increasing.
引文
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[11]黄桂芳.HDPE浮筏式消波堤在水产健康养殖发展上的应用[J].福建水产,2006(4):32-35.(HUANG Guifang.The application of the HDPE floating breakwater for healthy aquiculture[J].Journal of Fujian Fisheries,2006(4):32-35.(in Chinese))
[12]WILLIAMS A N,ABUL-AZM A G.Dual pontoon floating breakwater[J].Ocean Engineering,1997,24(5):465-478.
[13]WILLIAMS A N,LEE H S,HUANG Z.Floating pontoon breakwaters[J].Ocean Engineering,2000,27(3):221-240.
[14]KOFTIS T,PRINOS P.2D-V hydrodynamics of double floating breakwater[C]//Proceedings of the Coastal Dynamics 2005.2006:1-14.
[15]DIAMANTOULAKI I,LOUKOGEORGAKI E,ANGELIDES D C.3D analysis of free and moored twin-pontoon floating breakwaters[C]//Proceedings of the 17th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference.2007:2515-2522.
[16]SYED S A,MANI J S.Performance of multiple pontoons floating breakwater-a numerical approach[C]//Proceedings of the International Conference on Civil Engineering in the Oceans VI.2006:342-353.
[17]郑艳娜,姚云鹏,董国海,等.波浪对双箱式浮式防波堤作用的时域数值模拟[C]//第十五届中国海洋(岸)工程学术讨论会.北京:海洋出版社,2013:771-781.(ZHENG Yanna,YAO Yunpeng,DONG Guohai,et al.Time-domain numerical simulation of wave action on twin-pontoon floating breakwater[C]//Proceedings of the 15th China Symposium on Ocean(Coastal)Engineering.2013:771-781.(in Chinese))
[18]COX J C,STANGLAND J.Designing floating wave attenuators for long period waves[C]//Proceedings of the Ports'13:13th Triennial International.2013:706-715.
[19]MANSARD E P D,FUNKE E R.The measurement of incident and reflected spectra using a least squares method[C]//Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Coastal Engineering.1980:154-172.
[2]王永学,王国玉.近岸浮式防波堤结构的研究进展与工程应用[J].中国造船,2002,43(S):314-321.(WANG Yongxue,WANG Guoyu.Research progress and application of floating breakwater[J].Shipbuilding of China,2002,43(S):314-321.(in Chinese))
[3]BIESHEUVEL A C.Effectiveness of floating breakwaters:Wave attenuating floating sturctures[D].Delft:Delft University of Technology,2013.
[4]沈雨生,周益人,潘军宁,等.浮式防波堤研究进展[J].水利水运工程学报,2016(5):124-132.(SHEN Yusheng,ZHOU Yiren,PAN Junning,et al.Research progress and application of floating breakwater[J].Hydro-Science and Engineering,2016(5):124-132.(in Chinese))
[5]BRIGGS M,YE W,DEMIRBILEK Z,et al.Field and numerical comparisons of the RIBS floating breakwater[J].Journal of Hydraulic Research,2002,40(3):1-13.
[6]ALLYN N,WATCHORN E,JAMIESON W,et al.Port of Brownsville floating breakwater[C]//Ports 2001:America's Ports-Gateways to the Global Economy.2004:1-10.
[7]HENRY R F,AHN W,GARRISON C J,et al.Design of a floating breakwater for the port of Bremerton[C]//Proceedings of the 11th Triennial International Conference on Ports.2007:1-10.
[8]DYKSTRA D,XING X Y,DEVICK C.Floating breakwater modeling and design for Oyster Point marina[C]//Proceedings of the Coastal Engineering Practice.2011:903-916.
[9]姚国权,麻志雄,丁炳灿.浮式防波堤消浪特性试验[R].南京:南京水利科学研究院,1988.(YAO Guoquan,MA Zhixiong,DING Bingcan.Research report of wave attenuation characteristics of floating breakwater[R].Nanjing:Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,1988.(in Chinese))
[10]高家镛,毛伟清,李向群,等.三峡升船机上游浮式导航堤研究[J].上海船舶运输科学研究所学报,1993(2):1-16.(GAO Jiayong,MAO Weiqing,LI Xiangqun,et al.Study on the floating guiding jetty in upstream of the Three Gorges ship lift[J].Journal of Sssri,1993(2):1-16.(in Chinese))
[11]黄桂芳.HDPE浮筏式消波堤在水产健康养殖发展上的应用[J].福建水产,2006(4):32-35.(HUANG Guifang.The application of the HDPE floating breakwater for healthy aquiculture[J].Journal of Fujian Fisheries,2006(4):32-35.(in Chinese))
[12]WILLIAMS A N,ABUL-AZM A G.Dual pontoon floating breakwater[J].Ocean Engineering,1997,24(5):465-478.
[13]WILLIAMS A N,LEE H S,HUANG Z.Floating pontoon breakwaters[J].Ocean Engineering,2000,27(3):221-240.
[14]KOFTIS T,PRINOS P.2D-V hydrodynamics of double floating breakwater[C]//Proceedings of the Coastal Dynamics 2005.2006:1-14.
[15]DIAMANTOULAKI I,LOUKOGEORGAKI E,ANGELIDES D C.3D analysis of free and moored twin-pontoon floating breakwaters[C]//Proceedings of the 17th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference.2007:2515-2522.
[16]SYED S A,MANI J S.Performance of multiple pontoons floating breakwater-a numerical approach[C]//Proceedings of the International Conference on Civil Engineering in the Oceans VI.2006:342-353.
[17]郑艳娜,姚云鹏,董国海,等.波浪对双箱式浮式防波堤作用的时域数值模拟[C]//第十五届中国海洋(岸)工程学术讨论会.北京:海洋出版社,2013:771-781.(ZHENG Yanna,YAO Yunpeng,DONG Guohai,et al.Time-domain numerical simulation of wave action on twin-pontoon floating breakwater[C]//Proceedings of the 15th China Symposium on Ocean(Coastal)Engineering.2013:771-781.(in Chinese))
[18]COX J C,STANGLAND J.Designing floating wave attenuators for long period waves[C]//Proceedings of the Ports'13:13th Triennial International.2013:706-715.
[19]MANSARD E P D,FUNKE E R.The measurement of incident and reflected spectra using a least squares method[C]//Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Coastal Engineering.1980:154-172.