摘要
中草药中重金属与有害元素形态分析目前尚处于起步阶段。该研究首先采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法检测了17种大宗常用中草药(16种植物药、1种药用真菌)共103个批次中砷(As)总量;进而基于HPLC-ICP-MS建立了中草药中6种As形态的同时检测方法,选择AS7阴离子交换柱,系统分析了17种中草药中的As形态。结果表明微波消解法对药材进行前处理并用ICP-MS检测As总量的方法稳定可靠; As形态分析方面,采用高温超声提取法,6种As形态线性关系良好,相关系数R2>0. 999 9,6种As形态LOQ分别为:砷甜菜碱(As B) 0. 20μg·L~(-1),亚砷酸[As(Ⅲ)]0. 10μg·L~(-1),二甲基砷(DMA) 0. 15μg·L~(-1),砷胆碱(As C) 0. 10μg·L~(-1),一甲基砷(MMA) 0. 25μg·L~(-1),砷酸[As(Ⅴ)]0. 10μg·L~(-1)。加标回收率为84. 24%~121. 5%,相对标准偏差为2. 7%~11%。103批药材中,仅有1批样品As总量超出药典限量标准; 103批药材中As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)检出率高,其中多数以As(Ⅴ)为主要检出形态,无机As占比达到80. 90%~98. 73%;部分样品检出DMA,MMA和As B,在所有批次中As C均未检出。该研究建立了适合于中草药中As形态的分析方法,为中草药中As形态残留提供了基础数据,可为其风险评估和质量标准的制修订提供重要参考。
The element speciation analysis for heavy metals in herbal medicines is still in the beginning stage. In this study,the total amount of arsenic( As) in 103 batches of 17 commonly used Chinese medicines( including 16 plant medicines and 1 medicinal fungus) was detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry( ICP-MS). Furthermore,based on HPLC-ICP-MS,the simultaneous detection methods of six As speciation kinds in traditional Chinese medicines were established. An AS7 anion exchange column was selected and the As forms in 17 traditional Chinese medicines was systematically analyzed. The results showed that the method of pretreatment of medicinal materials by microwave digestion and the detection of total amount of As by ICP-MS was stable and reliable. As for the speciation analysis of As,the high-speed ultrasonic extraction method was adopted,and it showed that the linear relationship of the six As speciation was satisfied with the correlation coefficient R2>0. 999 9. The LOQ of six kinds of As speciation were 0. 20,0. 10,0. 15,0. 10,0. 25,0. 10 μg·L~(-1) for arsenic betaine( As B),arsenious acid [As( Ⅲ) ],dimethyl arsenic( DMA),arsenic choline( As C),monomethyl arsenic( MMA),arsenic acid[As( Ⅴ) ],respectively. The recoveries were between 84. 24% and 121. 5%,and the relative standard deviations were 2. 7% to 11%. Among the 103 batches of medicinal materials,only one batch of sample As exceeded the Chinese Pharmacopoeia limit standard; As( Ⅲ) and As( Ⅴ) had high detection rate in 103 batches of Chinese herbal medicines,within which As( Ⅴ) was the main detected form,and inorganic As accounted for the ratio reached 80. 90%-98. 73%; some samples detected DMA,MMA and As B,As C was not detected in any batch. This study established an analytical method suitable for the speciation of As in Chinese herbal medicines,and provided basic data for As residual residue in Chinese herbal medicines,which can provide important reference for the risk assessment and quality standards.
引文
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