南京市两次秋季污染过程及成因分析
|
摘要
为探究南京秋季污染过程的特征和影响因素,利用MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)传感器获得的气溶胶光学厚度(Aerosol Optical Depth)、波长指数(Angstrom Exponent)、火点数据及CALIPSO(Cloud-Aerosol Lidar And Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations)卫星数据和来自NECP、MICAPS的温度、相对湿度、风向风速等常规气象要素数据,对南京2015年10月、2016年9月两次污染过程进行分析.研究结果表明:两次污染过程的AE412-470值(埃斯特朗波长指数α)均高于1,由此判断两次污染均以人为排放产生的细粒子为主.但2015年10月的AE412-470值明显低于2016年9月,说明在2015年10月污染过程中粗粒子所占比重高于2016年9月.结合对后向轨迹的分析发现,南京地区2015年10月污染天气的发生还受长距离输送的影响,污染源主要为来自内蒙古、山西等地的污染型沙尘粒子.研究还发现,较高的相对湿度、较低的地表风速、低混合层高度及贴地逆温等气象条件会导致污染物难以扩散稀释而累积在南京地区,造成该区域在秋季出现较严重的污染天气.
This study investigates the characteristics and factors influencing the haze formation process during autumn( September-November) over Nanjing( China) during 2015—2016. For this purpose,the aerosol optical depth( AOD),fire points and Angstrom exponent( AE) data derived from Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer( MODIS) and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation( CALIPSO) were used.The meteorological data derived from National Centers for Environmental Prediction( NCEP) comprised of temperature,relative humidity,wind speed and direction. The Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory( HYSPLIT) model was further used to examine to reconstruct the origins of air masses in this season. The high values( >1) of AE412-470 during this season showed dominance of anthropogenic fine-mode particles. Analysis of aerosol subtypes derived from the CALIPSO and HYSPLIT revealed a clear indication of dust particles originated from Inner Mongolia and Shanxi contributed to the haze processes. The stagnant synoptic meteorological conditions( characterized by high relative humidity,low wind speed and low mixed layer height)made the pollutants difficult to disperse leading to severe pollution events in autumn over Nanjing.
This study investigates the characteristics and factors influencing the haze formation process during autumn( September-November) over Nanjing( China) during 2015—2016. For this purpose,the aerosol optical depth( AOD),fire points and Angstrom exponent( AE) data derived from Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer( MODIS) and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation( CALIPSO) were used.The meteorological data derived from National Centers for Environmental Prediction( NCEP) comprised of temperature,relative humidity,wind speed and direction. The Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory( HYSPLIT) model was further used to examine to reconstruct the origins of air masses in this season. The high values( >1) of AE412-470 during this season showed dominance of anthropogenic fine-mode particles. Analysis of aerosol subtypes derived from the CALIPSO and HYSPLIT revealed a clear indication of dust particles originated from Inner Mongolia and Shanxi contributed to the haze processes. The stagnant synoptic meteorological conditions( characterized by high relative humidity,low wind speed and low mixed layer height)made the pollutants difficult to disperse leading to severe pollution events in autumn over Nanjing.
引文
陈本清,杨燕明.2008.台湾海峡及周边海区气溶胶时空分布特征的遥感分析[J].环境科学学报,28(12):2597-2604
陈光辉.2013.2013年1月开原市持续性雾霾天气成因分析[J].北京农业,(27):161-162
陈秋方,孙在,谢小芳.2014.杭州灰霾天气超细颗粒浓度分布特征[J].环境科学,35(8):2851-2856
Chen W,Tang H,Zhao H,et al.2016.Analysis of aerosol properties in Beijing based on ground-based sun photometer and air quality monitoring observations from 2005 to 2014[J].Remote Sensing,8(2):110
Chow J C,Bachmann J D,Wierman S S,et al.2002.Visibility:science and regulation[J].Air Repair,52(6):628-713
Ding A J,Fu C B,Yang X Q,et al.2013.Ozone and fine particle in the western Yangtze River Delta:an overview of 1-yr data at the SORPES station[J].Atmospheric Chemistry&Physics,13(11):5813-5830
高健,张岳翀,王淑兰,等.2012.北京2011年10月连续灰霾过程的特征与成因初探[J].环境科学研究,25(11):1201-1207
Haines A.2003.Climate change 2001:The scientific basis.contribution of working group 1 to the third assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change[J].International Journal of Epidemiology,32(2):321-321
Hogrefe C,Lynn B,Civerolo K,et al.2004.Simulating changes in regional air pollution over the eastern United States due to changes in global and regional climate and emissions[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,109,doi:10.1029/2004JD004690
Kang N.2015.Correlation analysis between AOD and cloud parameters to study their relationship over China using MODIS data(2003-2013):Impact on cloud formation and climate change[J].Aerosol&Air Quality Research,15(3):958-973
Kaufman Y J,Gao B C.1992.Remote sensing of water vapour in the near IR from EOS/MODIS[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience&Remote Sensing,30(5):871-884
Leibensperger E M,Mickley L J,Jacob D J.2008.Sensitivity of US air quality to mid-latitude cyclone frequency and implications of 1980-2006 climate change[J].Atmospheric Chemistry&Physics,8(3):7075-7086
Leung L R,Jr W I G.2005.Potential regional climate change and implications to U.S.air quality[J].Geophysical Research Letters,32(16):367-384
李学彬,徐青山,魏合理,等.2007.相对湿度与能见度的相关性研究[C].中国气象学会2007年年会气象综合探测技术分会.广州:21-25
刘璇,朱彬,侯雪伟,等.2015.基于卫星遥感和地面观测资料的霾过程分析-以长江三角洲地区一次严重霾污染过程为例[J].中国环境科学,35(3):641-651
陆晓波,许建华.2009.一次典型灰霾天气过程及成因分析[J].环境监控与预警,1(1):10-13
马佳,于兴娜,安俊琳,等.2016.南京北郊冬春季大气能见度影响因子贡献研究[J].环境科学,37(1):41-50
齐冰,刘寿东,杜荣光,等.2012.杭州地区气候环境要素对霾天气影响特征分析[J].气象,38(10):1225-1231
邱金桓,吕达仁,陈洪滨,等.2003.现代大气物理学研究进展[J].大气科学,27(4):628-652
Ramanathan V,Crutzen P J,Kiehl J T,et al.2001.Aerosols,climate,and the hydrological cycle[J].Science,294(5549):2119-2124
Ramanathan V,Feng Y.2009.Air pollution,greenhouse gases and climate change:Global and regional perspectives[J].Atmospheric Environment,43(1):37-50
任丽红,周志恩,赵雪艳,等.2014.重庆主城区大气PM10及PM2.5来源解析[J].环境科学研究,27(12):1387-1394
Stephens G L,Vane D G,Boain R J,et al.2002.The Cloud Sat mission and the A-train:A new dimension of space-based observations of clouds and precipitation[J].Bulletin of the American Meteorologica Society,83(12):1771-1790
Streets D G,Wu Y,Chin M.2006.Two-decadal aerosol trends as a likely explanation of the global dimming/brightening transition[J].Geophysical Research Letters,33(15):292-306
王静,牛生杰,许丹,等.2013.南京一次典型雾霾天气气溶胶光学特性[J].中国环境科学,33(2):201-208
吴昊旻,王伟征,麻碧华,等.2012.丽水市大气污染的时空分布特征及与气象要素的相关分析[J].环境污染与防治,(10):51-55
吴蒙,范绍佳,吴兑,等.2012.广州地区灰霾与清洁天气变化特征及影响因素分析[J].中国环境科学,32(8):1409-1415
夏思佳,赵秋月,李冰,等.2013.南京地区典型大气污染过程分析[J].环境科学与技术,36(4):97-102
熊洁,赵天良,韩永翔,等.2013.1995-2004年东亚沙尘气溶胶的模拟源汇分布及垂直结构[J].中国环境科学,33(6):961-968
延昊,王长耀,牛铮,等.2002.东亚沙尘源地、沙尘输送路径的遥感研究[J].地理科学进展,21(1):90-94
于兴娜,马佳,朱彬,等.2015.南京北郊秋冬季相对湿度及气溶胶理化特性对大气能见度的影响[J].环境科学,36(6):1919-1925
Tremblay C,Cloutier A,Fortin Y.2013.The seasonal vertical distribution of the Saharan air layer and its modulation by the wind[J].Atmospheric Chemistry&Physics,13(22):11235-11257
Zhang G,Bi X,Lou S,et al.2014.Source and mixing state of ironcontaining particles in Shanghai by individual particle analysis[J].Chemosphere,95(1):9-16
郑龙飞,谢郁宁,刘强,等.2016.南京地区2013年12月重霾污染事件成因分析[J].大气科学学报,39(4):546-553
朱彬,苏继锋,韩志伟,等.2010.秸秆焚烧导致南京及周边地区一次严重空气污染过程的分析[J].中国环境科学,30(5):585-592
朱佳雷,王体健,邢莉,等.2011.江苏省一次重霾污染天气的特征和机理分析[J].中国环境科学,31(12):1943-1950
陈光辉.2013.2013年1月开原市持续性雾霾天气成因分析[J].北京农业,(27):161-162
陈秋方,孙在,谢小芳.2014.杭州灰霾天气超细颗粒浓度分布特征[J].环境科学,35(8):2851-2856
Chen W,Tang H,Zhao H,et al.2016.Analysis of aerosol properties in Beijing based on ground-based sun photometer and air quality monitoring observations from 2005 to 2014[J].Remote Sensing,8(2):110
Chow J C,Bachmann J D,Wierman S S,et al.2002.Visibility:science and regulation[J].Air Repair,52(6):628-713
Ding A J,Fu C B,Yang X Q,et al.2013.Ozone and fine particle in the western Yangtze River Delta:an overview of 1-yr data at the SORPES station[J].Atmospheric Chemistry&Physics,13(11):5813-5830
高健,张岳翀,王淑兰,等.2012.北京2011年10月连续灰霾过程的特征与成因初探[J].环境科学研究,25(11):1201-1207
Haines A.2003.Climate change 2001:The scientific basis.contribution of working group 1 to the third assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change[J].International Journal of Epidemiology,32(2):321-321
Hogrefe C,Lynn B,Civerolo K,et al.2004.Simulating changes in regional air pollution over the eastern United States due to changes in global and regional climate and emissions[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,109,doi:10.1029/2004JD004690
Kang N.2015.Correlation analysis between AOD and cloud parameters to study their relationship over China using MODIS data(2003-2013):Impact on cloud formation and climate change[J].Aerosol&Air Quality Research,15(3):958-973
Kaufman Y J,Gao B C.1992.Remote sensing of water vapour in the near IR from EOS/MODIS[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience&Remote Sensing,30(5):871-884
Leibensperger E M,Mickley L J,Jacob D J.2008.Sensitivity of US air quality to mid-latitude cyclone frequency and implications of 1980-2006 climate change[J].Atmospheric Chemistry&Physics,8(3):7075-7086
Leung L R,Jr W I G.2005.Potential regional climate change and implications to U.S.air quality[J].Geophysical Research Letters,32(16):367-384
李学彬,徐青山,魏合理,等.2007.相对湿度与能见度的相关性研究[C].中国气象学会2007年年会气象综合探测技术分会.广州:21-25
刘璇,朱彬,侯雪伟,等.2015.基于卫星遥感和地面观测资料的霾过程分析-以长江三角洲地区一次严重霾污染过程为例[J].中国环境科学,35(3):641-651
陆晓波,许建华.2009.一次典型灰霾天气过程及成因分析[J].环境监控与预警,1(1):10-13
马佳,于兴娜,安俊琳,等.2016.南京北郊冬春季大气能见度影响因子贡献研究[J].环境科学,37(1):41-50
齐冰,刘寿东,杜荣光,等.2012.杭州地区气候环境要素对霾天气影响特征分析[J].气象,38(10):1225-1231
邱金桓,吕达仁,陈洪滨,等.2003.现代大气物理学研究进展[J].大气科学,27(4):628-652
Ramanathan V,Crutzen P J,Kiehl J T,et al.2001.Aerosols,climate,and the hydrological cycle[J].Science,294(5549):2119-2124
Ramanathan V,Feng Y.2009.Air pollution,greenhouse gases and climate change:Global and regional perspectives[J].Atmospheric Environment,43(1):37-50
任丽红,周志恩,赵雪艳,等.2014.重庆主城区大气PM10及PM2.5来源解析[J].环境科学研究,27(12):1387-1394
Stephens G L,Vane D G,Boain R J,et al.2002.The Cloud Sat mission and the A-train:A new dimension of space-based observations of clouds and precipitation[J].Bulletin of the American Meteorologica Society,83(12):1771-1790
Streets D G,Wu Y,Chin M.2006.Two-decadal aerosol trends as a likely explanation of the global dimming/brightening transition[J].Geophysical Research Letters,33(15):292-306
王静,牛生杰,许丹,等.2013.南京一次典型雾霾天气气溶胶光学特性[J].中国环境科学,33(2):201-208
吴昊旻,王伟征,麻碧华,等.2012.丽水市大气污染的时空分布特征及与气象要素的相关分析[J].环境污染与防治,(10):51-55
吴蒙,范绍佳,吴兑,等.2012.广州地区灰霾与清洁天气变化特征及影响因素分析[J].中国环境科学,32(8):1409-1415
夏思佳,赵秋月,李冰,等.2013.南京地区典型大气污染过程分析[J].环境科学与技术,36(4):97-102
熊洁,赵天良,韩永翔,等.2013.1995-2004年东亚沙尘气溶胶的模拟源汇分布及垂直结构[J].中国环境科学,33(6):961-968
延昊,王长耀,牛铮,等.2002.东亚沙尘源地、沙尘输送路径的遥感研究[J].地理科学进展,21(1):90-94
于兴娜,马佳,朱彬,等.2015.南京北郊秋冬季相对湿度及气溶胶理化特性对大气能见度的影响[J].环境科学,36(6):1919-1925
Tremblay C,Cloutier A,Fortin Y.2013.The seasonal vertical distribution of the Saharan air layer and its modulation by the wind[J].Atmospheric Chemistry&Physics,13(22):11235-11257
Zhang G,Bi X,Lou S,et al.2014.Source and mixing state of ironcontaining particles in Shanghai by individual particle analysis[J].Chemosphere,95(1):9-16
郑龙飞,谢郁宁,刘强,等.2016.南京地区2013年12月重霾污染事件成因分析[J].大气科学学报,39(4):546-553
朱彬,苏继锋,韩志伟,等.2010.秸秆焚烧导致南京及周边地区一次严重空气污染过程的分析[J].中国环境科学,30(5):585-592
朱佳雷,王体健,邢莉,等.2011.江苏省一次重霾污染天气的特征和机理分析[J].中国环境科学,31(12):1943-1950