一种空间相机热控调焦机构的设计与分析
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摘要
为满足空间相机成像质量的要求,设计了一种热控调焦机构来修正离焦量.首先,根据光学系统确定调焦方式,并通过驱动次镜沿光轴方向移动的方式设计了调焦机构,该结构占用空间小且质量较轻.然后,根据调焦需求,选取热膨胀系数较高的铝作为主要材料,采用在镜座背面贴加热片等措施保证次镜在恒温下工作,并通过有限元方法对调焦机构性能进行了建模分析.最后,对调焦机构工作状态进行分析验证,利用Zernike多项式对其工作时所产生温度变化引起的镜面变形进行拟合,把变形后的面形输入到Zemax软件中,以调制传递函数作为光学系统成像质量评价指标,分析了调焦机构在正常工作时次镜面形变化对相机成像质量的影响.结果表明,调焦机构符合设计指标,且工作时次镜面形的变化对光学系统成像质量的影响可以忽略,与传统调焦机构相比,具有质量轻、结构简单等优点.
In order to improve imaging quality of the space camera,a thermally driven focusing structure is designed to compensate the offset.Firstly,the focusing method is chosen according to the optical system,and the focusing structure is designed by driving the secondary mirror to move along the direction of the optical axis which occupies small space and is light in quality.Then,according to the demand of focusing,the aluminum with higher thermal expansion coefficient is selected as the main material.To ensure the secondary mirror works at constant temperature,some heating films are attached to the back of the mirror seat.And the performance of the focusing structure is simulated by the finite element method.Finally,the working state of the focusing structure is analyzed,and the deformation of the mirror caused by the temperature change is fitted by Zernike polynomial,and the fitting coefficients are input into the Zemax.As the measurement of imaging quality,the modulation transfer function is used to reflect the impact of the deformation of the sub-mirror on the optical performance of the space camera.The result shows that the focusing structure meets the design specifications and the impact of deformation belonging to the sub-mirror on the imaging quality of optical system can be neglected when the focusing structure is working.Compared with traditional focusing structures,the thermally driven focusing structure has the advantages of light weight and simple structure.
In order to improve imaging quality of the space camera,a thermally driven focusing structure is designed to compensate the offset.Firstly,the focusing method is chosen according to the optical system,and the focusing structure is designed by driving the secondary mirror to move along the direction of the optical axis which occupies small space and is light in quality.Then,according to the demand of focusing,the aluminum with higher thermal expansion coefficient is selected as the main material.To ensure the secondary mirror works at constant temperature,some heating films are attached to the back of the mirror seat.And the performance of the focusing structure is simulated by the finite element method.Finally,the working state of the focusing structure is analyzed,and the deformation of the mirror caused by the temperature change is fitted by Zernike polynomial,and the fitting coefficients are input into the Zemax.As the measurement of imaging quality,the modulation transfer function is used to reflect the impact of the deformation of the sub-mirror on the optical performance of the space camera.The result shows that the focusing structure meets the design specifications and the impact of deformation belonging to the sub-mirror on the imaging quality of optical system can be neglected when the focusing structure is working.Compared with traditional focusing structures,the thermally driven focusing structure has the advantages of light weight and simple structure.
引文
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[15]JIANG Li-feng,FU Wei-chun,CHEN Jian-xin.Precise thermal control design and test for the high-resolution threelinear array mapping cameras[J].Journal of Astronautics,2014,35(4):467-473.江利锋,傅伟纯,陈建新.高分辨率三线阵相机精密热控设计及试验[J].宇航学报,2014,35(4):467-473.
[16]FENG Jie,BAI Yu,XING Ting-wen.Fitting accuracy of wavefront using zernike polynomials[J].Electro-Optic Technology Application 2011,26(2):31-34.冯婕,白瑜,邢廷文.Zernike多项式波面拟合精度研究[J].光电技术应用,2011,26(2):31-34.
[17]YANG Jia-wen,HUANG Qiao-lin,HAN You-ming,Application and simulation in fitting optical surface with zernike polynomial[J].Spaceraft Recovery&Remote Sensing,2010,31(5):49-55.杨佳文,黄巧林,韩友民.Zernike多项式在拟合光学表面面形中的应用及仿真[J].航天返回与遥感,2010,31(5):49-55.
[18]FAN Da,MING Xing,LIU Xin-yue,et al.Thermal optical analysis and design of optical window in high-altitude and high-speed environment[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2016,45(8):202-208.范达,明星,刘昕悦,等.高空高速环境热光学分析及光学窗口设计[J].红外与激光工程,2016,45(8):202-208.
[2]FAN Hong-jie,DONG Ji-hong,LI Wei,et al.Design and analysis of focusing mechanism for space camera[J].Journal of Changchun University of Science and Technology(Nature Science Edition),2016,39(3):1-4.范洪杰,董吉洪,李威,等.一种空间相机调焦机构的设计与分析[J].长春理工大学学报(自然科学版),2016,39(3):1-4.
[3]JIA Xue-zhi,ZHANG Lei,AN Yuan,et al.Design and experiment research on precision focusing mechanism of space remote sensor[J]Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2016,52(13):25-30.贾学志,张雷,安源,等.空间光学遥感器精密调焦机构设计与试验[J].机械工程学报,2016,52(13):25-30.
[4]SU Dong-feng,JIA Ji-qiang,LIU Bo,et al.The trajectory of roller in offset cam focusing mechanism for aerial camera[J]Journal of Electronic Measurement And Instrumentation,2015,29(10):1472-1477.苏东风,贾继强,刘波,等.航空相机偏心凸轮调焦机构中的滚子运动轨迹[J].电子测量与仪器学报,2015,29(10):1472-1477.
[5]XUE Le-tang,CHEN Tao,XU Tao,et al.A high precision and reliability focusing mechanism design[J]Journal of Changchun University of Science and Technology(Nature Science Edition),2012,35(2):9-11.薛乐堂,陈涛,徐涛,等.一种高精度高可靠性调焦机构设计[J].长春理工大学学报(自然科学版),2012,35(2):9-11.
[6]LUShi-liang,LIU Jin-guo,JIA Ping,et al.Design of focusing system for multispectral camera with off-axis TMA[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2013,21(8):2154-2160.吕世良,刘金国,贾平,等.离轴三反消像散多光谱相机调焦系统设计[J].光学精密工程,2013,21(8):2154-2160.
[7]GU Song,WANG Shao-ju,JIN Guang.Design and test for fine image motion compensation mechanism in space camera[J]Journal of Changchun University of Science and Technology(Nature Science Edition),2011,34(2):16-19.谷松,王绍举,金光.高精度空间相机像移补偿机构设计与试验[J].长春理工大学学报(自然科学版),2011,34(2):16-19.
[8]ZHANG Hong-wei,XU Yu-lei,LI Quan-chao,et al.Design of focusing mechanism for lightweight dual-band aerial camera[J]Laser&Optoelectronics Progress,2016,53(8):252-258.张洪伟,徐钰蕾,李全超,等.轻型双波段航空相机调焦机构的设计[J].激光与光电子学进展,2016,53(8):252-258.
[9]SELIMOGLU O,EKINCI M,KARCI O.Thermal refocusing method for spaceborne high-resolution optical imagers.[J].Applied Optics,2016,55(15):4109-4112.
[10]YANG Yong-bin.Study on focusing technique for space optical camera[J].Spacecraft Engineering2011,20(2):20-24.杨永彬.空间光学相机调焦技术研究[J].航天器工程,2011,20(2):20-24.
[11]YANG Hui-sheng,ZHANG Yin-he,CHAI Fang-mao,et al.Design of focusing mechanism for off-axis TMA space camera[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2013,21(4):948-954杨会生,张银鹤,柴方茂,等.离轴三反空间相机调焦机构设计[J].光学精密工程,2013,21(4):948-954.
[12]AN Yuan,QI Ying-chun.Design of straight–line focusing mechanism for space camera[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2009,3(3):609-614安源,齐迎春.空间相机直线调焦机构的设计[J].光学精密工程,2009,3(3):609-614.
[13]LEE M,KIM J,CHANG J S,et al.Development of in-orbit refocusing mechanism for SpaceEye-1electro-optical payload[C]SPIE Optical Engineering Applications.International Society for Optics and Photonics,2016,9972:101-108.
[14]FAN Yue,LIANG Wei,MA Wen-li.Thermal design of the optical system in an aerial camera[J].Opto-Electronic Engineering,2013,40(1):51-59.樊越,梁伟,马文礼.航空相机光学系统热控设计[J].光电工程,2013,40(01):51-59.
[15]JIANG Li-feng,FU Wei-chun,CHEN Jian-xin.Precise thermal control design and test for the high-resolution threelinear array mapping cameras[J].Journal of Astronautics,2014,35(4):467-473.江利锋,傅伟纯,陈建新.高分辨率三线阵相机精密热控设计及试验[J].宇航学报,2014,35(4):467-473.
[16]FENG Jie,BAI Yu,XING Ting-wen.Fitting accuracy of wavefront using zernike polynomials[J].Electro-Optic Technology Application 2011,26(2):31-34.冯婕,白瑜,邢廷文.Zernike多项式波面拟合精度研究[J].光电技术应用,2011,26(2):31-34.
[17]YANG Jia-wen,HUANG Qiao-lin,HAN You-ming,Application and simulation in fitting optical surface with zernike polynomial[J].Spaceraft Recovery&Remote Sensing,2010,31(5):49-55.杨佳文,黄巧林,韩友民.Zernike多项式在拟合光学表面面形中的应用及仿真[J].航天返回与遥感,2010,31(5):49-55.
[18]FAN Da,MING Xing,LIU Xin-yue,et al.Thermal optical analysis and design of optical window in high-altitude and high-speed environment[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2016,45(8):202-208.范达,明星,刘昕悦,等.高空高速环境热光学分析及光学窗口设计[J].红外与激光工程,2016,45(8):202-208.