基于波长控制的LiNbO_3晶体强电场传感器
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摘要
为了抵消自然双折射引起的Pockels电场传感器的工作点漂移,设计了一种基于波长控制的铌酸锂晶体强电场传感器。设计的传感器系统包括:可调谐激光器、Pockels传感器、微控制单元及光电探测器。采用微控制器控制可调谐激光器的输出波长,使传感器具有π的固有相位偏置,即使传感器工作在线性区。仿真结果表明:当设计的传感器晶体长度大于0.45mm时,在1530～1565nm范围内可以找到使传感器工作在线性区的工作波长。最后结合传感器最大可测电场与半波电场之间的关系E_(max)≈0.3Eπ,得出传感器晶体长度为6.32mm,光沿z方向传播,x方向加电场,传感器最大可测电场为1000kV/m,此时调谐传感器的工作波长为1546.1nm可以使传感器工作在线性区。
In order to offset the drift of the operating point of the Pockels electric field sensor caused by natural birefringence, a strong electric field sensor based on wavelength control of lithium niobate crystal was designed. The sensor system is designed to include: tunable lasers, Pockels sensors, micro control units, and photodetectors. A microcontroller is used to control the output wavelength of the tunable laser so that the sensor has an inherent phase offset of π even if the sensor is operating in a linear region. The simulation results show that when the designed sensor crystal length is greater than 0.45 mm, the operating wavelength of the sensor in the linear region can be found in the range of 1530～1565 nm. Finally, combined with the relationship between the maximum measurable electric field and the half-wave electric field of the sensor, E_(max)≈0.3 Eπ, the length of the sensor crystal is 6.32 mm, the light propagates along the z direction, and the electric field is applied in the x direction. The maximum measurable electric field of the sensor is 1000 kV/m. At this point, the tuning sensor's operating wavelength is 1546.1 nm to allow the sensor to operate in the linear region.
In order to offset the drift of the operating point of the Pockels electric field sensor caused by natural birefringence, a strong electric field sensor based on wavelength control of lithium niobate crystal was designed. The sensor system is designed to include: tunable lasers, Pockels sensors, micro control units, and photodetectors. A microcontroller is used to control the output wavelength of the tunable laser so that the sensor has an inherent phase offset of π even if the sensor is operating in a linear region. The simulation results show that when the designed sensor crystal length is greater than 0.45 mm, the operating wavelength of the sensor in the linear region can be found in the range of 1530～1565 nm. Finally, combined with the relationship between the maximum measurable electric field and the half-wave electric field of the sensor, E_(max)≈0.3 Eπ, the length of the sensor crystal is 6.32 mm, the light propagates along the z direction, and the electric field is applied in the x direction. The maximum measurable electric field of the sensor is 1000 kV/m. At this point, the tuning sensor's operating wavelength is 1546.1 nm to allow the sensor to operate in the linear region.
引文
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[3] Rao S,Wilton D,Glisson A.Electromagnetic scattering by surfaces of arbitrary shape[J].IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,1982,30(3):409—418.
[4] Bassen H I,Smith G S.Electric field probes-A review[J].IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,1983,AP-31(5):710—718.
[5] Kanda M.Standard probes for electromagnetic field measurements[J].IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,1993,AP-41(10):1349—1364.
[6] Wu C,Zhang X,Huang Z.Quaternion approach to study of the polarization maintaining optical fibers[C]// International Conference on Optical Communications&Networks.Hangzhou,China:IEEE,2017:163—170.
[7] 陈新睿,韩敬华,牛瑞华,等.铌酸锂电光调制器的温度特性研究[J].激光杂志,2014(2):14—15.Chen Xinrui,Han Jinghua,Niu Ruihua,et al.Study on Temperature characteristics of lithium niobate electro-optic modulator[J].Journal of Laser Science,2014(2):14—15.
[8] Yang Q,Sun S,Han R,et al.Intense transient electric field sensor based on the electro-optic effect of LiNbO3[J].Aip Advances,2015,5(10):1875—1882.
[9] 李善勇,吴重庆,刘岚岚,等.铌酸锂马赫-曾德调制器零点漂移特性的研究[J].半导体光电,2015,36(06):968—972.Li Shanyong,Wu Chongqing,Liu Wei,et al.Study on Zero drift characteristics of mach-zehnder modulator[J].Semiconductor Optoelectronics,2015,36(06):968—972.
[10] Sima W,Liu T,Yang Q,et al.Temperature characteristics of Pockels electro-optic voltage sensor with double crystal compensation[J].AIP Advances,2016,6(5):055109.
[11] 杨庆,董恒,陈少卿,等.基于一次电光效应的非接触式过电压监测传感器[J].高电压技术,2015,41(01):140—145.Yang Qing,Dong Heng,Chen Shaoqing,et al.Non-contact overvoltage monitoring sensor based on primary electro-optical effect[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(01):140—145.
[12] 李永福,伏进,王谦,等.两种非接触式过电压传感器的电光晶体温度补偿及其温度特性研究[J].科学技术与工程,2016,16(31):192—196.Li Yongfu,Fu Jin,Wang Qian,et al.Study on temperature compensation and temperature characteristics of electro-optical crystals of two non-contact overvoltage sensors[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2016,16(31):192—196.
[13] 方启万.铌酸锂电光调制的研究[J].光通信研究,1979,7(2):41—67.Fang Qiwan.Study on electro-optic modulation of lithium niobate[J].Optical Communication Research,1979(2):41—67.
[14] Sima W,Han R,Yang Q,et al.Dual LiNbO3 Crystal-Based batteryless and contactless optical transient overvoltage sensor for overhead transmission line and substation applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2017,64(9):7323—7332.
[15] 张家洪.集成光波导三维脉冲电场传感系统研究[D].2016,43—44.Zhang Jiahong.Research on integrated optical waveguide three-dimensional pulse electric field sensing system[D].2016,43—44.
[16] 张克从,张乐惠.晶体生长[M].北京:科学出版社,1984:364—365.Zhang Kecong,Zhang Lehui.Crystal growth,[M].Beijing;Science Press,1984:364—365.
[17] 杨春晖,孙亮,冷雪松,等.光折变非线性光学材料-铌酸锂晶体[M].北京:科学出版社,2009:19.Yang Chunhui,Sun Liang,Leng Xuesong,et al.Photorefractive nonlinear optical material-lithium G crystal[M].Beijing:Science Press,2009:19.