岩石质量指标和岩芯采取率的影响因素分析
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摘要
岩石质量指标(rock quality designation,RQD)和岩芯采取率是水害评价中的重要参数,但在以往的应用工作中往往完全依照钻井记录数据,忽略了对其规律性的研究。为此,根据陕北某区域直罗组地层钻孔数据,通过对数据的对比分析和总结前人结论,研究显示,RQD与裂隙密度有关,岩芯采取率与裂隙有效宽度有关;RQD随着埋深的增加而增大,其相关性较好,岩芯采取率不随埋深变化而变化,渗透性随深度增大而减小;RQD随着风化强度的增强逐渐减小,岩芯采取率随着风化强度的增强而减小;相同风化程度下,泥岩比例越大RQD越小、岩芯采取率越大;构造对RQD和岩芯采取率的影响取决于其力学性质;人为因素总是使RQD和岩芯采取率小于其真实值。
Rock quality designation( RQD) and core recovery percentage are indispensable parameters in water bursting evaluation. However,in the past works,the borehole data were often recorded in accordance with drilling records,but the study of its regularity was ignored. According to the borehole data of a certain area in Northern Shaanxi,with comparative analysis and summing up previous conclusions,it was found out that the RQD is related to crack density and the core recovery percentage is related to the effective width of cracks. Moreover,with the increase of depth,the RQD would increase as well,but permeability would decrease,while the core recorery percentage does not change. With the increase of weathering intensity,RQD decreases gradually and the core recovery percentage decreases. Under the same weathering intensity,the bigger the mudstone ratio is,the smaller the RQD is,and the larger the core recovery percentage is. The influence of geological structure on the RQD and core recovery percentage depends on mechanical properties. Human factors always make the RQD and core recovery percentage less than its true value.
Rock quality designation( RQD) and core recovery percentage are indispensable parameters in water bursting evaluation. However,in the past works,the borehole data were often recorded in accordance with drilling records,but the study of its regularity was ignored. According to the borehole data of a certain area in Northern Shaanxi,with comparative analysis and summing up previous conclusions,it was found out that the RQD is related to crack density and the core recovery percentage is related to the effective width of cracks. Moreover,with the increase of depth,the RQD would increase as well,but permeability would decrease,while the core recorery percentage does not change. With the increase of weathering intensity,RQD decreases gradually and the core recovery percentage decreases. Under the same weathering intensity,the bigger the mudstone ratio is,the smaller the RQD is,and the larger the core recovery percentage is. The influence of geological structure on the RQD and core recovery percentage depends on mechanical properties. Human factors always make the RQD and core recovery percentage less than its true value.
引文
[1]孙蓉琳,梁杏,靳孟贵.裂隙岩体渗透系数确定方法综述[J].水文地质工程地质,2006,33(6):120-123.Sun Ronglin,Liang Xing,Jin Menggui.Review on determination of hydraulic conductivity of fractured rocks[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2006,33(6):120-123.
[2]周远田.岩石应力与渗透率的关系[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(4):45-51.Zhou Yuantian.Relationship Between stress and permeability of rocks[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1998,17(4):45-51.
[3]蒋小伟,万力,王旭升,等.利用RQD估算岩体不同深度的平均渗透系数和平均变形模量[J].岩土力学,2009,30(10):3163-3167.Jiang Xiaowei,Wan Li,Wang Xusheng,et al.Estimation of depth-dependent hydraulic conductivity and deformation modulus using RQD[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(10):3163-3167.
[4]杨光辉,毛慧龙.岩石质量指标(RQD)应用中存在问题的商榷[J].工程勘察,2010(S1):158-160.Yang Guanghui,Mao Huilong.Discussion on the problems in the application of rock quality designation(RQD)[J].Geotechnical Investigation&Surveying,2010(S1):158-160.
[5]陈剑平,范建华,刘迪.RQD应用与研究的回顾与展望[J].岩土力学,2005,26(S2):249-252.Chen Jianping,Fan Jianhua,Liu Di.A review and prospect on the application and research of RQD[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(S2):249-252.
[6]李继明,左三胜.裂隙岩体岩石质量指标(RQD)的空间变化特征[J].吉林大学学报:地学,2014,44(3):946-953.Li Jiming,Zuo Sansheng.Spatial variation of rock quality designation(RQD)in fractured rock masses[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2014,44(3):946-953.
[7]徐光黎.岩石质量指标RQD的估算方法[J].水文地质工程地质,1991,16(6):43-45.Xu Guangli.Estimation methods of rock quality designation(RQD)[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,1991,16(6):43-45.
[8]Priest S D,Hudson J A.Discontinuity spacings in rock[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,1976,13(5):135-148.
[9]武强,樊振丽,刘守强,等.基于GIS的信息融合型含水层富水性评价方法——富水性指数法[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(7):1124-1128.Wu Qiang,Fan Zhenli,Liu Shouqiang,et al.Waterrichness evaluation method of water-filled aquifer based on the principle of information fusion with GIS:waterrichness index method[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(7):1124-1128.
[10]武强,张志龙,马积福.煤层底板突水评价的新型实用方法Ⅰ——主控指标体系的建设[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(1):42-47.Wu Qiang,Zhang Zhilong,Ma Jifu.A new practical methodology of the coal floor water bursting evaluating:The master controlling index system construction[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(1):42-47.
[11]洪安娜,严家平,张玉林,等.应用钻探岩芯采取率评价煤层瓦斯含量及分布[J].煤炭科学技术,2009,37(3):103-105.Hong Anna,Yan Jiaping,Zhang Yulin,et al.Application of core drilling collecting rate to evaluate seam gas content and distribution[J].Coal Science and Technology,2009,37(3):103-105.
[12]万力,蒋小伟,王旭升.含水层的一种普遍规律:渗透系数随深度衰减[J].高校地质学报,2010,16(1):7-12.Wan Li,Jiang Xiaowei,Wang Xusheng.A common regularity of aquifers:The decay in hydraulic conductivity with depth[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,2010,16(1):7-12.
[13]聂德新,韩爱果,巨广宏.岩体风化的综合分带研究[J].工程地质学报,2002,10(1):20-25.Nie Dexin,Han Aiguo,Ju Guanghong.Study on integrated zoning of weathering degree of rock-mass[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2002,10(1):20-25.
[14]冯本超,洪允和.正断层上盘防水煤柱合理宽度的研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,1993,22(3):117-122.Feng Benchao,Hong Yunhe.Study on rational width of coal pillar positioned in the upthrown block of normal fault for flood prevention[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,1993,22(3):117-122.
[15]于喜东.地质构造与煤层底板突水[J].煤炭工程,2004(12):34-35.Yu Xidong.Geological structure and water inrush from coal seam floor[J].Coal Engineering,2004(12):34-35.
[16]王胜本,张晓.煤矿井下地质构造与地应力的关系[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(7):738-742.Wang Shengben,Zhang Xiao.Relation between geological structures and in-situ stresses in underground coal mines[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2008,33(7):738-742.
[17]陈伊清.岩石质量指标RQD的应用问题[J].水利科技,2002(1):48-49.Chen Yiqing.Application of rock quality design(RQD)[J].Hydraulic Technology,2002(1):48-49.
[18]董武臣.提高岩矿心采取率的措施[J].水力采煤与管道运输,2009(3):49-50.Dong Wuchen.Measures to improve the ratio of rock to core[J].Hydraulic Coal Ming&pipeline Transportation,2009(3):49-50.
[19]王京浦.在复杂岩层提高岩芯采取率的经验探讨[J].西部探矿工程,2012,24(12):48,51.Wang Jingpu.Experience in increasing the rate of core extraction in complex rock formations[J].West-China Exploration Engineering,2012,24(12):48,51.
[2]周远田.岩石应力与渗透率的关系[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(4):45-51.Zhou Yuantian.Relationship Between stress and permeability of rocks[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1998,17(4):45-51.
[3]蒋小伟,万力,王旭升,等.利用RQD估算岩体不同深度的平均渗透系数和平均变形模量[J].岩土力学,2009,30(10):3163-3167.Jiang Xiaowei,Wan Li,Wang Xusheng,et al.Estimation of depth-dependent hydraulic conductivity and deformation modulus using RQD[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(10):3163-3167.
[4]杨光辉,毛慧龙.岩石质量指标(RQD)应用中存在问题的商榷[J].工程勘察,2010(S1):158-160.Yang Guanghui,Mao Huilong.Discussion on the problems in the application of rock quality designation(RQD)[J].Geotechnical Investigation&Surveying,2010(S1):158-160.
[5]陈剑平,范建华,刘迪.RQD应用与研究的回顾与展望[J].岩土力学,2005,26(S2):249-252.Chen Jianping,Fan Jianhua,Liu Di.A review and prospect on the application and research of RQD[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(S2):249-252.
[6]李继明,左三胜.裂隙岩体岩石质量指标(RQD)的空间变化特征[J].吉林大学学报:地学,2014,44(3):946-953.Li Jiming,Zuo Sansheng.Spatial variation of rock quality designation(RQD)in fractured rock masses[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2014,44(3):946-953.
[7]徐光黎.岩石质量指标RQD的估算方法[J].水文地质工程地质,1991,16(6):43-45.Xu Guangli.Estimation methods of rock quality designation(RQD)[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,1991,16(6):43-45.
[8]Priest S D,Hudson J A.Discontinuity spacings in rock[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,1976,13(5):135-148.
[9]武强,樊振丽,刘守强,等.基于GIS的信息融合型含水层富水性评价方法——富水性指数法[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(7):1124-1128.Wu Qiang,Fan Zhenli,Liu Shouqiang,et al.Waterrichness evaluation method of water-filled aquifer based on the principle of information fusion with GIS:waterrichness index method[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(7):1124-1128.
[10]武强,张志龙,马积福.煤层底板突水评价的新型实用方法Ⅰ——主控指标体系的建设[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(1):42-47.Wu Qiang,Zhang Zhilong,Ma Jifu.A new practical methodology of the coal floor water bursting evaluating:The master controlling index system construction[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(1):42-47.
[11]洪安娜,严家平,张玉林,等.应用钻探岩芯采取率评价煤层瓦斯含量及分布[J].煤炭科学技术,2009,37(3):103-105.Hong Anna,Yan Jiaping,Zhang Yulin,et al.Application of core drilling collecting rate to evaluate seam gas content and distribution[J].Coal Science and Technology,2009,37(3):103-105.
[12]万力,蒋小伟,王旭升.含水层的一种普遍规律:渗透系数随深度衰减[J].高校地质学报,2010,16(1):7-12.Wan Li,Jiang Xiaowei,Wang Xusheng.A common regularity of aquifers:The decay in hydraulic conductivity with depth[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,2010,16(1):7-12.
[13]聂德新,韩爱果,巨广宏.岩体风化的综合分带研究[J].工程地质学报,2002,10(1):20-25.Nie Dexin,Han Aiguo,Ju Guanghong.Study on integrated zoning of weathering degree of rock-mass[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2002,10(1):20-25.
[14]冯本超,洪允和.正断层上盘防水煤柱合理宽度的研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,1993,22(3):117-122.Feng Benchao,Hong Yunhe.Study on rational width of coal pillar positioned in the upthrown block of normal fault for flood prevention[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,1993,22(3):117-122.
[15]于喜东.地质构造与煤层底板突水[J].煤炭工程,2004(12):34-35.Yu Xidong.Geological structure and water inrush from coal seam floor[J].Coal Engineering,2004(12):34-35.
[16]王胜本,张晓.煤矿井下地质构造与地应力的关系[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(7):738-742.Wang Shengben,Zhang Xiao.Relation between geological structures and in-situ stresses in underground coal mines[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2008,33(7):738-742.
[17]陈伊清.岩石质量指标RQD的应用问题[J].水利科技,2002(1):48-49.Chen Yiqing.Application of rock quality design(RQD)[J].Hydraulic Technology,2002(1):48-49.
[18]董武臣.提高岩矿心采取率的措施[J].水力采煤与管道运输,2009(3):49-50.Dong Wuchen.Measures to improve the ratio of rock to core[J].Hydraulic Coal Ming&pipeline Transportation,2009(3):49-50.
[19]王京浦.在复杂岩层提高岩芯采取率的经验探讨[J].西部探矿工程,2012,24(12):48,51.Wang Jingpu.Experience in increasing the rate of core extraction in complex rock formations[J].West-China Exploration Engineering,2012,24(12):48,51.