泥底辟输导流体机制及其与天然气水合物成藏的关系
|
摘要
详细阐述不同成因的泥底辟流体输导模式,探讨了泥底辟输导体系的演化与天然气水合物成藏之间的关系,并分析神狐海域泥底辟输导体系对天然气水合物成藏的影响。底辟核外部伴生断裂、底辟核内部流体压裂裂缝和边缘裂缝带均可作为输导流体的通道。根据运移通道和动力等差异性,提出泥底辟输导流体的2种端元模式:超压-流体压裂输导型和边缘构造裂缝输导型。在此基础上,讨论了泥底辟(泥火山)的不同演化阶段对水合物的形成、富集和分解的影响。早期阶段,泥底辟形成的运移通道可能未延伸到水合物稳定带,导致气源供给不够充分;中期阶段,水合物成藏条件匹配良好,利于天然气水合物生成;晚期阶段,泥火山喷发引起水合物稳定带的热异常,可能导致水合物分解,直至泥火山活动平静期,水合物再次成藏。神狐海域内泥底辟分为花冠状和穹顶状两类,花冠状泥底辟以超压-流体压裂输导型为主;穹顶状泥底辟以底辟边缘裂缝输导型为主。泥底辟输导体系的差异性可能是神狐海域天然气水合物非均质分布的影响因素之一。
This paper describes fluid migration patterns about mud diapir with different origins,then discusses the relationship between natural gas hydrate accumulation and the evolution of mud diapir migration system,and analyzes the effect of mud diapir migration system on gas hydrate accumulation in Shenhu area. The fluid migration systems for diapir consist of external associated fault and fracture,the internal overpressured fluid fracture and structural fracture in the margin of diapir. Depending on migration conduit and migration dynamics,two kinds of fluid migration patterns have been proposed: overpressure-conducting fracturing fluid migration type and marginal fracture migration type. In addition,the mud diapir( mud volcano) has different effects on formationand stability of the hydrate in the different evolution stages. The migration channel may not extend to the hydrate stability zone in the early stages of mud diapiric formation,which results in insufficient supply of CH4. It is conducive to the formation of natural gas hydrates in the middle stage,because of good matching in hydrate metallogenic conditions; the abnormal heat in the hydrate stability zone,caused by high temperature gas-bearing fluid from mud volcano eruption,may lead to the decomposition of hydrates in the late stage. Until the quiet period of mud volcano activity,hydrates can be reserved again. According to morphological characteristics of diapirs in Shenhu Area,mud diapirs could be classified into two types: corolliform and dome-form diapirs. The fluid migration pattern of corolliform diapirs belongs to overpressure-conducting fracturing fluid migration type; the fluid migration pattern of dome-form diapirs belongs to marginal fracture migration type. Different diapiric migration patterns may be one of main factors of non-homogeneous distribution of gas hydrate in Shenhu area.
This paper describes fluid migration patterns about mud diapir with different origins,then discusses the relationship between natural gas hydrate accumulation and the evolution of mud diapir migration system,and analyzes the effect of mud diapir migration system on gas hydrate accumulation in Shenhu area. The fluid migration systems for diapir consist of external associated fault and fracture,the internal overpressured fluid fracture and structural fracture in the margin of diapir. Depending on migration conduit and migration dynamics,two kinds of fluid migration patterns have been proposed: overpressure-conducting fracturing fluid migration type and marginal fracture migration type. In addition,the mud diapir( mud volcano) has different effects on formationand stability of the hydrate in the different evolution stages. The migration channel may not extend to the hydrate stability zone in the early stages of mud diapiric formation,which results in insufficient supply of CH4. It is conducive to the formation of natural gas hydrates in the middle stage,because of good matching in hydrate metallogenic conditions; the abnormal heat in the hydrate stability zone,caused by high temperature gas-bearing fluid from mud volcano eruption,may lead to the decomposition of hydrates in the late stage. Until the quiet period of mud volcano activity,hydrates can be reserved again. According to morphological characteristics of diapirs in Shenhu Area,mud diapirs could be classified into two types: corolliform and dome-form diapirs. The fluid migration pattern of corolliform diapirs belongs to overpressure-conducting fracturing fluid migration type; the fluid migration pattern of dome-form diapirs belongs to marginal fracture migration type. Different diapiric migration patterns may be one of main factors of non-homogeneous distribution of gas hydrate in Shenhu area.
引文
[1]MILKOV A V.Worldwide distribution of submarine mud volcanoes and associated gas hydrates[J].Marine Geology,2000,167(1/2):29-42.
[2]TREHU A,RUPPEL C,HOLLAND M,et al.Gas hydrate in marine sediments:lessons from Scientific Ocean Drilling[J].Oceanography,2006,19(4):124-143.
[3]SATYAVANI N,THAKUR N K,ARAVIND K N,et al.Migration of methane at the diapiric structure of the western continental margin of India—insights from seismic data[J].Marine Geology,2005,219(1):19-25.
[4]苏明,沙志彬,匡增桂,等.海底峡谷侵蚀-沉积作用与天然气水合物成藏[J].现代地质,2015,29(1):155-162.
[5]TAYLOR M H,DILLON W P,PECHER I A.Trapping and migration of methane associated with the gas hydrate stability zone at the Blake Ridge Diapir:new insights from seismic data[J].Marine Geology,2000,164(1/2):79-89.
[6]杨睿,阎贫,吴能友,等.南海神狐水合物钻探区不同形态流体地震反射特征与水合物产出的关系[J].海洋学研究,2014,32(4):19-26.
[7]赵汗青,吴时国,徐宁,等.东海与泥底辟构造有关的天然气水合物初探[J].现代地质,2006,20(1):115-122.
[8]张光学,祝有海,梁金强,等.构造控制型天然气水合物矿藏及其特征[J].现代地质,2006,20(4):605-612.
[9]LYOBOMIR I D.Mud volcanoes—the most important pathway for degassing deeply buried sediments[J].Earth Science Reviews,2002,59(1/4):49-76.
[10]CRUTCHLEY G J,KLAESCHEN D,PLANERT L,et al.The impact of fluid advection on gas hydrate stability:Investigations at sites of methane seepage offshore Costa Rica[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2014,401(1):95-109.
[11]MILKOV A V,VOGT P R,CRANE K.Geological,geochemical,and microbial processes at the hydrate-bearing Hkon Mosby mud volcano:a review[J].Chemical Geology,2004,205(3/4):347-366.
[12]FESEKER T,PAPEC T,WALLMANN K.The thermal structure of the Dvurechenskii mud volcano and its implications for gas hydrate stability and eruption dynamics[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2009,26(9):1812-1823.
[13]王力峰,沙志彬,梁金强,等.晚期泥底辟控制作用导致神狐海域SH5钻位未获水合物的分析[J].现代地质,2010,24(3):450-457.
[14]BONINI M.Mud volcanoes:Indicators of stress orientation and tectonic controls[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2012,115(3):121-152.
[15]DEVILLE E,GUERLAISA S H,CALLEC Y,et al.Liquefied vs stratified sediment mobilization processes:Insight from the South of the Barbados accretionary prism[J].Tectonophysics,2006,428(1/4):33-47.
[16]赵宝峰,陈红汉,孔令涛,等.莺歌海盆地流体垂向输导体系及其对天然气成藏控制作用[J].地球科学(中国地质大学学报),2014,39(9):1323-1322.
[17]BROWN K M,ORANGE D L.Structural aspects of diapiric mélange emplacement:the Duck Creek diapir[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1993,15(7):831-847.
[18]张敏强,钟志洪,夏斌.莺歌海盆地泥-流体底辟构造成因机制与天然气运聚[J].大地构造与成矿学,2004,28(2):118-125.
[19]MOORE J C,ROESKE S,LUNDBERG N,et al.Scaly fabrics from Deep Sea Drilling Project cores from forearcs[J].Geological Society of America Memoirs,1986,166:55-75.
[20]BROWN K M.Nature and hydrogeologic significance of mud diapirs and diatremes for accretionary systems[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1990,95(6):8969-8982.
[21]VANNUCCHI P,MALTMAN A,BETTELLI G,et al.On the nature of scaly fabric and scaly clay[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2003,25(5):673-688.
[22]TARLING M S,ROWE C D.Experimental slip distribution in lentils as an analog for scaly clay fabrics[J].Geology,2016,44(3):183-186.
[23]ARCH J,MALTMAN A.Anisotropic permeability and tortuosity in deformed wet sediments[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1990,95(6):9035-9045.
[24]ZHANG S Q,TULLIS T E,SCRUGGS V J.Implications of permeability and its anisotropy in a mica gouge for pore pressures in fault zones[J].Tectonophysics,2001,335(1/2):37-50.
[25]郝芳,刘建章,邹华耀,等.莺歌海—琼东南盆地超压层系油气聚散机理浅析[J].地学前缘,2015,22(1):169-180.
[26]GOSGROVE J W.Hydraulic fracturing during the formation and deformation of a basin:A factor in the dewatering of low-permeability sediments[J].AAPG Bulletin,2001,85(4):737-748.
[27]罗晓容.断裂成因他源高压及其地质特征[J].地质学报,2004,78(5):641-648.
[28]BOHRMANN G,IVANOV M,FOUCHER J P,et al.Mud volcanoes and gas hydrates in the Black Sea:new data from Dvurechenskii and Odessa mud volcanoes[J].Geo-Marine Letters,2003,23(3/4):239-249.
[29]LDMANN T,WONG H K.Characteristics of gas hydrate occurrences associated with mud diapirism and gas escape structures in the northwestern Sea of Okhotsk[J].Marine Geology,2003,201(4):269-286.
[30]REED D L,SILVER E A,TAGUDIN J E.Relations between mud volcanoes,thrust deformation,slope sedimentation,and gas hydrate,offshore north Panama[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,1990,7(1):44-54.
[31]LYKOUSIS V,ALEXANDRI S,WOODSIDE J.Mud volcanoes and gas hydrates in the Anaximander mountains(Eastern Mediterranean Sea)[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2009,26(6):854-872.
[32]刘杰,孙美静,苏明,等.海底泥底辟(泥火山)对天然气水合物成藏的影响[J].地质科技情报,2015,34(5):98-104.
[33]沙志彬,王宏斌,张光学,等.底辟构造与天然气水合物的成矿关系[J].地学前缘,2005,12(3):283-288.
[34]LERCHE I.Mud diapirs in the South Caspian Basin:dynamical and thermal effects on hydrocarbon generation and retention[J].Energy Exploration&Exploitation,2010,28(3):131-146.
[35]王家豪,庞雄,王存武,等.珠江口盆地白云凹陷中央底辟带的发现及识别[J].地球科学(中国地质大学学报),2006,31(2):209-213.
[36]苏明,杨睿,吴能友,等.南海北部陆坡区神狐海域构造特征及对水合物的控制[J].地质学报,2014,88(3):318-326.
[2]TREHU A,RUPPEL C,HOLLAND M,et al.Gas hydrate in marine sediments:lessons from Scientific Ocean Drilling[J].Oceanography,2006,19(4):124-143.
[3]SATYAVANI N,THAKUR N K,ARAVIND K N,et al.Migration of methane at the diapiric structure of the western continental margin of India—insights from seismic data[J].Marine Geology,2005,219(1):19-25.
[4]苏明,沙志彬,匡增桂,等.海底峡谷侵蚀-沉积作用与天然气水合物成藏[J].现代地质,2015,29(1):155-162.
[5]TAYLOR M H,DILLON W P,PECHER I A.Trapping and migration of methane associated with the gas hydrate stability zone at the Blake Ridge Diapir:new insights from seismic data[J].Marine Geology,2000,164(1/2):79-89.
[6]杨睿,阎贫,吴能友,等.南海神狐水合物钻探区不同形态流体地震反射特征与水合物产出的关系[J].海洋学研究,2014,32(4):19-26.
[7]赵汗青,吴时国,徐宁,等.东海与泥底辟构造有关的天然气水合物初探[J].现代地质,2006,20(1):115-122.
[8]张光学,祝有海,梁金强,等.构造控制型天然气水合物矿藏及其特征[J].现代地质,2006,20(4):605-612.
[9]LYOBOMIR I D.Mud volcanoes—the most important pathway for degassing deeply buried sediments[J].Earth Science Reviews,2002,59(1/4):49-76.
[10]CRUTCHLEY G J,KLAESCHEN D,PLANERT L,et al.The impact of fluid advection on gas hydrate stability:Investigations at sites of methane seepage offshore Costa Rica[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2014,401(1):95-109.
[11]MILKOV A V,VOGT P R,CRANE K.Geological,geochemical,and microbial processes at the hydrate-bearing Hkon Mosby mud volcano:a review[J].Chemical Geology,2004,205(3/4):347-366.
[12]FESEKER T,PAPEC T,WALLMANN K.The thermal structure of the Dvurechenskii mud volcano and its implications for gas hydrate stability and eruption dynamics[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2009,26(9):1812-1823.
[13]王力峰,沙志彬,梁金强,等.晚期泥底辟控制作用导致神狐海域SH5钻位未获水合物的分析[J].现代地质,2010,24(3):450-457.
[14]BONINI M.Mud volcanoes:Indicators of stress orientation and tectonic controls[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2012,115(3):121-152.
[15]DEVILLE E,GUERLAISA S H,CALLEC Y,et al.Liquefied vs stratified sediment mobilization processes:Insight from the South of the Barbados accretionary prism[J].Tectonophysics,2006,428(1/4):33-47.
[16]赵宝峰,陈红汉,孔令涛,等.莺歌海盆地流体垂向输导体系及其对天然气成藏控制作用[J].地球科学(中国地质大学学报),2014,39(9):1323-1322.
[17]BROWN K M,ORANGE D L.Structural aspects of diapiric mélange emplacement:the Duck Creek diapir[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1993,15(7):831-847.
[18]张敏强,钟志洪,夏斌.莺歌海盆地泥-流体底辟构造成因机制与天然气运聚[J].大地构造与成矿学,2004,28(2):118-125.
[19]MOORE J C,ROESKE S,LUNDBERG N,et al.Scaly fabrics from Deep Sea Drilling Project cores from forearcs[J].Geological Society of America Memoirs,1986,166:55-75.
[20]BROWN K M.Nature and hydrogeologic significance of mud diapirs and diatremes for accretionary systems[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1990,95(6):8969-8982.
[21]VANNUCCHI P,MALTMAN A,BETTELLI G,et al.On the nature of scaly fabric and scaly clay[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2003,25(5):673-688.
[22]TARLING M S,ROWE C D.Experimental slip distribution in lentils as an analog for scaly clay fabrics[J].Geology,2016,44(3):183-186.
[23]ARCH J,MALTMAN A.Anisotropic permeability and tortuosity in deformed wet sediments[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1990,95(6):9035-9045.
[24]ZHANG S Q,TULLIS T E,SCRUGGS V J.Implications of permeability and its anisotropy in a mica gouge for pore pressures in fault zones[J].Tectonophysics,2001,335(1/2):37-50.
[25]郝芳,刘建章,邹华耀,等.莺歌海—琼东南盆地超压层系油气聚散机理浅析[J].地学前缘,2015,22(1):169-180.
[26]GOSGROVE J W.Hydraulic fracturing during the formation and deformation of a basin:A factor in the dewatering of low-permeability sediments[J].AAPG Bulletin,2001,85(4):737-748.
[27]罗晓容.断裂成因他源高压及其地质特征[J].地质学报,2004,78(5):641-648.
[28]BOHRMANN G,IVANOV M,FOUCHER J P,et al.Mud volcanoes and gas hydrates in the Black Sea:new data from Dvurechenskii and Odessa mud volcanoes[J].Geo-Marine Letters,2003,23(3/4):239-249.
[29]LDMANN T,WONG H K.Characteristics of gas hydrate occurrences associated with mud diapirism and gas escape structures in the northwestern Sea of Okhotsk[J].Marine Geology,2003,201(4):269-286.
[30]REED D L,SILVER E A,TAGUDIN J E.Relations between mud volcanoes,thrust deformation,slope sedimentation,and gas hydrate,offshore north Panama[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,1990,7(1):44-54.
[31]LYKOUSIS V,ALEXANDRI S,WOODSIDE J.Mud volcanoes and gas hydrates in the Anaximander mountains(Eastern Mediterranean Sea)[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2009,26(6):854-872.
[32]刘杰,孙美静,苏明,等.海底泥底辟(泥火山)对天然气水合物成藏的影响[J].地质科技情报,2015,34(5):98-104.
[33]沙志彬,王宏斌,张光学,等.底辟构造与天然气水合物的成矿关系[J].地学前缘,2005,12(3):283-288.
[34]LERCHE I.Mud diapirs in the South Caspian Basin:dynamical and thermal effects on hydrocarbon generation and retention[J].Energy Exploration&Exploitation,2010,28(3):131-146.
[35]王家豪,庞雄,王存武,等.珠江口盆地白云凹陷中央底辟带的发现及识别[J].地球科学(中国地质大学学报),2006,31(2):209-213.
[36]苏明,杨睿,吴能友,等.南海北部陆坡区神狐海域构造特征及对水合物的控制[J].地质学报,2014,88(3):318-326.