东洞庭湖近期冲淤演变分析
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摘要
东洞庭湖洲滩水域存在较明显的动态变化,在长江与洞庭湖关系不断变化的影响下,洞庭湖出口七里山站的年水沙总量呈不断衰减趋势,三峡工程运用后,东洞庭湖水位、流量、含沙量等基本水文特征出现了明显下降或减小的变化。自1973年荆江裁弯完成后的45年,多年平均汛期4-8月径流量在年内占比61.2%～66.4%、输沙量占比56.4%～56.7%之间,变幅不大,相对稳定。根据地形冲淤与输水输沙量分析,2003年以来东洞庭湖呈冲刷状态。计算分析表明,三峡工程运用后,磊石山的水体年平均含沙量介于0.035～0.048 kg/m~3之间,东洞庭湖计算冲刷量与实际冲刷量的误差在50%以上,因地形变化较大,在东、南洞庭湖交界的磊石山进行水沙监测已有必要。
Under the influence of the changes in the relationship between the Yangtze river and Dongting Lake, the annual volumes of sediment and runoff in Qilishan at the exit of Dongting Lake show a decrease trend. Since the Three Gorges Project operation, the water level, flow and sediment concentration of East Dongting Lake decreased significantly. In the 45 years since the cut-off of Jingjiang in 1973, the annual average runoff volume in the flood season from April to August were accounted for 61.2% ～ 66.4%, and sediment transport was accounted for 56.4% ～ 56.7% with little variation and relatively stable. According to the conditions of flow sediment and topography, scour in East Dongting Lake has been presented since 2003. After the operation of the Three Gorges Project, the simulated calculation shows that the water sediment concentration in Leishishan is between 0.035 ～ 0.048 kg/m~3, the difference of scour between the calculation and field observation of East Dongting Lake is more than 50%. Due to the large processes of topography, it is necessary to monitor the water and sediment in Leishishan between East Dongting Lake and Sorth Dongting Lake.
Under the influence of the changes in the relationship between the Yangtze river and Dongting Lake, the annual volumes of sediment and runoff in Qilishan at the exit of Dongting Lake show a decrease trend. Since the Three Gorges Project operation, the water level, flow and sediment concentration of East Dongting Lake decreased significantly. In the 45 years since the cut-off of Jingjiang in 1973, the annual average runoff volume in the flood season from April to August were accounted for 61.2% ～ 66.4%, and sediment transport was accounted for 56.4% ～ 56.7% with little variation and relatively stable. According to the conditions of flow sediment and topography, scour in East Dongting Lake has been presented since 2003. After the operation of the Three Gorges Project, the simulated calculation shows that the water sediment concentration in Leishishan is between 0.035 ～ 0.048 kg/m~3, the difference of scour between the calculation and field observation of East Dongting Lake is more than 50%. Due to the large processes of topography, it is necessary to monitor the water and sediment in Leishishan between East Dongting Lake and Sorth Dongting Lake.
引文
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[3] 梁婕,彭也茹,郭生练,等.基于水文变异的东洞庭湖湿地生态水位研究[J].湖泊科学,2013,25(3):330-334.
[4] 张修桂.洞庭湖的演变[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1981.
[5] 黄群,姜加虎,赖锡军,等.洞庭湖湿地景观格局变化以及三峡工程蓄水对其影响[J].长江流域资源与环境,2013,22(7):922-927.
[6] 宁磊,仲志余.三峡工程建成后长江中下游分洪形势及初步对策[C]//《首届长江论坛论文集》编委会.首届长江论坛论文集.武汉:长江出版社,2005:268-271.
[7] 周柏林,谢石,肖义,等.三峡工程运行初期洞庭湖洲滩变化及成因分析[J].水资源研究,2015,4(1):81-87.
[8] 易放辉.城陵矶防洪控制水位的探讨[J].人民长江,2009(14):71-73+93.
[9] 周柏林,栾震宇,刘晓群,等.变化环境下七里山水域高洪水位研究[J].水利学报,2018,49(4):456-463.
[10] 刘晓群,戴斌祥.三峡水库运行以来洞庭湖水文条件变化与对策[J].水利水电科技进展,2017,37(6):25-31.
[11] 穆锦斌,张小峰,谢作涛.荆江—洞庭湖洪水演进模型和基本算法[J].人民长江,2008(18):6-8+49+99.
[12] 谢作涛,方红卫,仲志余.荆江-洞庭湖水沙数学模型研究现状[J].泥沙研究,2009(5):76-80.
[13] 仲志余,汪新宇.长江中下游洪水演进方法探讨[J].水利水电快报,1999(19):31-33.
[14] 胡四一,谭维炎.无结构网格上二维浅水流动的数值模拟[J].水科学进展,1995,6(1):1-9.
[15] 胡四一,施勇,王银堂,等.长江中下游河湖洪水演进的数值模拟[J].水科学进展,2002(3):278-286.
[16] 施勇,胡四一.无结构网格上平面二维水沙模拟的有限体积法[J].水科学进展,2002(4):409-415.
[17] 施勇,栾震宇,陈炼钢,等.长江中下游江湖水沙调控数值模拟[J].水科学进展,2010,21(6):823-831.
[18] 王艳华,程小兵,乐培九.推移质级配的确定方法[J].泥沙研究,2010(5):13-18.
[19] 施勇,栾震宇,胡四一.洞庭湖泥沙淤积数值模拟模式[J].水科学进展,2006(2):246-251.
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[21] 费祥俊.悬移质水流挟沙能力与输沙特性[J].泥沙研究,2003(3):30-34.
[22] 王兆印,黄文典,李义天.长江流域泥沙输移与概算[J].泥沙研究,2007(2):1-10.