界面微构对注射成型铝塑复合件性能的影响研究
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摘要
铝塑复合构件具有强度高、质量小、易成型复杂结构等优点,在航天、能源、汽车、通信等领域的应用逐渐广泛。提出采用注射方法直接成型铝-塑复合构件的方法,采用阳极氧化对铝合金表面进行处理,获取金属表面的纳米级微结构形态。为提高金属与聚合物之间的界面作用,将阳极氧化的金属表面进行活化处理,X射线能谱分析仪(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,XPS)对处理后的表面微结构进行形态和成分表征,探讨活化处理后铝合金表面组织成分的变化,并优化获得了最佳的处理时间。对表面处理完成的铝合金试样置入高温模具中进行注塑成型,成功获得了铝-塑复合构件。采用激光共焦扫描显微镜(Laser scanning confocal microscopy,LSCM)和扫描电子显微镜(Scanning electron microscope,SEM)分析拉伸剪切断裂后金属表面的界面形态,讨论了铝塑复合件的失效原因和机理,为金-塑复合产品的生产成型提供了理论基础。
Aluminum-plastic composite components, with high strength, low weight, easy to shape complex structures and so on, are gradually wide application in the aerospace, energy, automotive, communications and other fields. A method producing aluminium-plastic composite by injection technology is proposed. The aluminum alloy surface is treated by anodic oxidation to obtain the nanoscale microstructure. To improve the interfacial bonding strength between the metal and the polymer, the anodized metal surface is activated, and the surface microstructure is characterized by X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy(XPS). The composition of the metal surface is investigated, and the processing time is optimized as well. Metal samples after treatment are placed in a mold with high temperature for the following injection process, and the aluminium-plastic composites are successfully obtained. The morphology of the metal surface after tensile fracture was examined by laser scanning confocal microscopy(LSCM) and scanning electron microscope(SEM). The failure mechanism of the aluminum-plastic composite is also analysed. The presented results can be used as a theoretical basis for the actual production of the product.
Aluminum-plastic composite components, with high strength, low weight, easy to shape complex structures and so on, are gradually wide application in the aerospace, energy, automotive, communications and other fields. A method producing aluminium-plastic composite by injection technology is proposed. The aluminum alloy surface is treated by anodic oxidation to obtain the nanoscale microstructure. To improve the interfacial bonding strength between the metal and the polymer, the anodized metal surface is activated, and the surface microstructure is characterized by X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy(XPS). The composition of the metal surface is investigated, and the processing time is optimized as well. Metal samples after treatment are placed in a mold with high temperature for the following injection process, and the aluminium-plastic composites are successfully obtained. The morphology of the metal surface after tensile fracture was examined by laser scanning confocal microscopy(LSCM) and scanning electron microscope(SEM). The failure mechanism of the aluminum-plastic composite is also analysed. The presented results can be used as a theoretical basis for the actual production of the product.
引文
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[24]NAGATSUKA K,YOSHIDA S,TSUCHIYA A,et al.Direct joining of carbon-fiber–reinforced plastic to an aluminum alloy using friction lap joining[J].Composites Part B Engineering,2015,73:82-88.
[25]张泽江,梅秀娟,徐成华,等.纳米Mg-Al层状双氢氧化物表面包覆Si O2纳米膜的研究[J].中国科学:化学,2004,34(6):454-459.ZHANG Zejiang,MEI Xiujuan,XU Chenghua,et al.Study on surface-coated Si O2 nanoparticles on nano Mg-Al layered double hydroxide[J].Chinese Science,2004,34(6):454-459.
[26]董萍.硅烷偶联剂在金属表面处理中的应用研究[D].武汉:华中师范大学,2014.DONG Ping.Study on application of silane coupling agent in metal surface treatment[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Normal University,2014.
[27]左轲.铝表面稀土-硅烷复合膜的制备及性能研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2013.ZUO Ke.Study on preparation and properties of rare earth-silane composite films on aluminum surface[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2013.
[2]SEIFERT W,STRASSBURGER E,GREFEN S,et al.Experimental study about the influence of adhesive stiffness to the bonding strengths of adhesives for ceramic/metal targets[J].Defense Technology,2016,12(2):188-200.
[3]GRUJICIC M,SELLAPPANA V,ARAKEREA G,et al.Computational feasibility analysis of direct-adhesion polymer-to-metal hybrid technology for load-bearing body-in-white structural components[J].Journal of Materials Processing Tech.,2008,195(23):282-298.
[4]陈明安,张新明.铝薄板/塑料复合成型机理的研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2002.CHEN Mingan,ZHANG Xinming.Study on mechanism of aluminum sheet/plastic composite molding[D].Changsha:Central South University,2002.
[5]ZOELLNER O,EVANS J.Plastic-metal hybrid-a new development in the injection molding technology[J].Antec-conference Proceedings,2002,3(27):2966-2969.
[6]KARTHIK R,BRENDAN M.Thermoplastic bonding to metals via injection molding for macro-composite manufacture[J].Polymer Engineering&Science,1998,38(5):870-877.
[7]HE Yuanqing,SUN Xiaoyu,HAROLD H.New solutions for metal/plastic hybrid design via nano-molding technology[J/OL].[2017-4-24].http://www.4spepro.org/pd f/005957/005957.
[8]李熹平,刘傅文,王爽,等.金-塑微结构注射成型仿真与试验研究[J].机械工程学报,2016,52(22):61-69.LI Xiping,LIU Fuwen,WANG Shuang,et al.Simulation and experimental study on injection molding of metal-plastic microstructure[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2016,52(22):61-69.
[9]李熹平,宫宁宁,汪彬,等.金属聚合物复合件微纳结构注射成型分析与实验[J].中国机械工程,2016,27(13):1823-1828.LI Xiping,GONG Ningning,WANG Bin,et al.Analysis and experiment of micro-nano-injection molding of metal polymer composites[J].China Mechanical Engineering,2016,27(13):1823-1828.
[10]蔡志泉,张敏,程发良,等.Y型孔洞阳极氧化铝模板的制备研究[J].广东化工,2012,39(225):13-14.CAI Zhiquan,ZHANG Min,CHENG Faliang,et al.Study on preparation of Y-type hole of anodic aluminum oxide template[J].Guangdong Chemical Industry,2012,39(225):13-14.
[11]陈明安,张新明,蒋志军,等.铝及铝合金表面处理后的表面特征和粘接特性[J].化学与粘合,2011,6(2):262-265.CHEN Mingan,ZHANG Xinming,JIANG Zhijun,et al.Surface characteristics and bonding properties of aluminum and aluminum alloy after surface treatment[J].Chemistry and Bonding,2011,6(2):262-265.
[12]ABRAHAMI S T,HAUFFMAN T,KOK J M M D,et al.The effect of anodic aluminum oxide chemistry on adhesive bonding of epoxy[J].J.Phys.Chem.C,2016,120(35):19670-19677.
[13]ZHANG Chen,WANG Kaige,GAO Zeyang,et al.A kind of double-sided porous anodic alumina membrane fabricated with the three-step anodic oxidation method[J].Science China Technological Sciences,2014,57(2):293-297.
[14]KONG D,WANG J,HAO L.Friction and wear performances of 7475 aluminium alloy after anodic oxidation[J].Rare Metal Materials&Engineering,2016,45(5):1122-1127.
[15]MARI H,MAIJA H,MINNAMARI V,et al.Metal–plastic adhesion in injection-molded hybrids[J].Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology,2009,23(13-14):1747-1761.
[16]孙广霞.硅烷膜的制备及性能研究[D].沈阳:沈阳理工大学,2012.SUN Guangxia.Silane film preparation and performance research[D].Shenyang:Shenyang University of Technology,2012.
[17]王雪明.硅烷偶联剂在金属预处理及有机涂层中的应用研究[J].济南:山东大学,2005.WANG Xueming.Study on application of silane coupling agent in metal pretreatment and organic coatings[J].Jinan:Shandong University,2005.
[18]HAN H,LI H Q,LIU M,et al.Effect of“bridge”on the performance of organic-inorganic crosslinked hybrid proton exchange membranes via KH550[J].Journal of Power Sources,2017,340:126-138.
[19]CHUNG E H,JANG E K,HONG T E,et al.Adhesion of poly(phenylene sulfide)resin with polymeric film of triazinethiol on aluminum surface modified by anodic oxidation[J].Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology,2015,11(1):157-164.
[20]NGUYEN F N,BERG J C.Adhesion promotion of poly(phenylene sulfide)to aluminum treated with silane coupling agents[J].Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology,2006,20(2-3):197-208.
[21]杨灿,黄汉雄.微注塑相当条件下聚合物熔体的流变性能[J].塑料工业,2012,41(5):60-62.YANG Can,HUANG Hanxiong.Flow properties of polymer melt under microinjection[J].Plastics Industry,2012,41(5):60-62.
[22]LI X P,LIU F W,GONG N N,et al.Enhancing the joining strength of injection-molded polymer-metal hybrids by rapid heating and cooling[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2017,249:386-393.
[23]张中原.硫酸阳极氧化槽中阴极的改进[J].材料保护,2006,39(8):68-69.ZHANG Zhongyuan.Improvement of cathode in sulfuric acid anodizing tank[J].Materials Protection,2006,39(8):68-69.
[24]NAGATSUKA K,YOSHIDA S,TSUCHIYA A,et al.Direct joining of carbon-fiber–reinforced plastic to an aluminum alloy using friction lap joining[J].Composites Part B Engineering,2015,73:82-88.
[25]张泽江,梅秀娟,徐成华,等.纳米Mg-Al层状双氢氧化物表面包覆Si O2纳米膜的研究[J].中国科学:化学,2004,34(6):454-459.ZHANG Zejiang,MEI Xiujuan,XU Chenghua,et al.Study on surface-coated Si O2 nanoparticles on nano Mg-Al layered double hydroxide[J].Chinese Science,2004,34(6):454-459.
[26]董萍.硅烷偶联剂在金属表面处理中的应用研究[D].武汉:华中师范大学,2014.DONG Ping.Study on application of silane coupling agent in metal surface treatment[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Normal University,2014.
[27]左轲.铝表面稀土-硅烷复合膜的制备及性能研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2013.ZUO Ke.Study on preparation and properties of rare earth-silane composite films on aluminum surface[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2013.