凝胶注模和反应熔渗SiC陶瓷基零件素坯缺陷控制及高温力学性能研究
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摘要
针对凝胶注模和反应熔渗SiC陶瓷零件由于炭黑团聚、含量不足引起的坯体宏观裂纹、残留硅含量过高等问题,提出了一种有效控制陶瓷组织缺陷与残硅含量、提升陶瓷零件高温力学性能的方法。以短碳纤维代替炭黑作为碳源,通过实验对比分析了碳纤维与炭黑在陶瓷浆料中的分散性,以及这两种碳源对陶瓷素坯质量的影响规律;采用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射等手段研究了碳纤维和SiC陶瓷微观结构及其物相组成,并探讨了碳纤维体积分数对反应熔渗SiC陶瓷基零件高温性能的影响规律。结果表明:较之炭黑,短碳纤维在陶瓷浆料中具有良好的分散性,干燥后陶瓷坯体内大尺寸气孔和裂纹等缺陷得到有效控制;在反应熔渗过程中,碳纤维溶解到液硅中并生成β-SiC取代残硅,填充了陶瓷坯体的剩余孔隙;当碳纤维体积分数增加时,陶瓷坯体中的残硅含量得到有效控制;碳化硅陶瓷高温(1 350℃)力学性能指标随着碳纤维体积分数增加,先增大后减小,当碳纤维体积分数为20%时达到最大,高温弯曲强度、断裂韧性分别为(343±19)MPa、(5.04±0.27)MPa·m~(1/2)。
To solve the problem of macro-crack and residual silicon content of SiC ceramic parts caused by the carbon black agglomeration and insufficient content,an effective method to control the micro-structure defect and residual silicon content and to improve the mechanical properties of SiC ceramic parts at high temperature was proposed.Short carbon fibers(CF)serve as the carbon source,the dispersibilities of carbon black and short carbon fiber in ceramic slurry were comparatively investigated and the influences of the two carbon sources on the quality of the green body were analyzed.The micro-structure and phase composition of the reaction infiltrated Cf/SiC ceramic were observed by SEM and XRD.The effects of carbon fiber content on high temperature bending strength and fracture toughness of the SiC ceramic were discussed.The results show thatshort carbon fibers better disperse in ceramic slurry,and large-size pores and cracks in the ceramic green body can be well controlled.When in the reactive melt infiltration process,the porous structure formed by carbon fiber and ceramic particles facilitate the infiltration of liquid silicon,and the carbon fiber dissolves in the silicon liquid and reacted formβ-SiC surrounding the carbon fiber surface.As the volume fraction of short carbon fiber increases(0to 40%),the residual silicon content in the ceramic matrix decreases,and the high temperature(1 350℃)performance of the ceramic part increases firstly then decreases.When the short carbon fiber volume fraction gets 20%,the high-temperature flexural strength and fracture toughness reach the highest,343±19MPa and 5.04±0.27MPa·m1/2 respectively.
To solve the problem of macro-crack and residual silicon content of SiC ceramic parts caused by the carbon black agglomeration and insufficient content,an effective method to control the micro-structure defect and residual silicon content and to improve the mechanical properties of SiC ceramic parts at high temperature was proposed.Short carbon fibers(CF)serve as the carbon source,the dispersibilities of carbon black and short carbon fiber in ceramic slurry were comparatively investigated and the influences of the two carbon sources on the quality of the green body were analyzed.The micro-structure and phase composition of the reaction infiltrated Cf/SiC ceramic were observed by SEM and XRD.The effects of carbon fiber content on high temperature bending strength and fracture toughness of the SiC ceramic were discussed.The results show thatshort carbon fibers better disperse in ceramic slurry,and large-size pores and cracks in the ceramic green body can be well controlled.When in the reactive melt infiltration process,the porous structure formed by carbon fiber and ceramic particles facilitate the infiltration of liquid silicon,and the carbon fiber dissolves in the silicon liquid and reacted formβ-SiC surrounding the carbon fiber surface.As the volume fraction of short carbon fiber increases(0to 40%),the residual silicon content in the ceramic matrix decreases,and the high temperature(1 350℃)performance of the ceramic part increases firstly then decreases.When the short carbon fiber volume fraction gets 20%,the high-temperature flexural strength and fracture toughness reach the highest,343±19MPa and 5.04±0.27MPa·m1/2 respectively.
引文
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[2] PATEL M,SAURABH K,PRASAD V B,et al.High temperature C/C-SiC composite by liquid silicon infiltration:a literature review[J].Bulletin of Materials Science,2012,35(1):63-73.
[3]文生琼,何爱杰.陶瓷基复合材料在航空发动机热端部件上的应用[J].航空制造技术,2009(s1):4-7.WEN Shengqiong,HE Aijie.Application of CMC on thermal parts of aeroengine[J].Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology,2009(s1):4-7.
[4] ZHOU L,HUANG Y,XIE Z.Gelcasting of concentrated aqueous silicon carbide suspension[J].Journal of the European Ceramic Society,2000,20(1):85-90.
[5] GILISSEN R,ERAUW J P,SMOLDERS A,et al.Gelcasting,a near net shape technique[J].Materials&Design,2000,21(4):251-257.
[6]邓明进.高性能反应烧结碳化硅陶瓷材料制备及其性能研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2010:4-8.
[7] CARTER C H,DAVIS R F,BENTLEY J.Kinetics and mechanisms of high-temperature creep in silicon carbide:I Reaction-bonded[J]. Journal of the American Ceramic Society,1984,67(6):409-417.
[8] CHEN M H,GAO L,ZHOU J H,et al.Application of reaction sintering to the manufacturing of a spacecraft combustion chamber of SiC ceramics[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2002,129(1/2/3):408-411.
[9] PAIK U,PARK H C,CHOI S C,et al.Effect of particle dispersion on microstructure and strength of reaction-bonded silicon carbide[J].Materials Science&Engineering:A,2002,334(1/2):267-274.
[10]李连跃,孙洪鸣,田素贵,等.炭黑含量对反应烧结碳化硅组织与性能的影响[J].中国陶瓷工业,2017,24(1):18-22.LI Lianyue,SUN Hongming,TIAN sugui,et al.Effect of carbon content on microstructure and performance of reaction sintered silicon carbide[J].China Ceramic Industry,2017,24(1):18-22.
[11]武七德,童元丰.提高反应烧结碳化硅陶瓷性能的研究趋势[J].江苏陶瓷,2001,34(4):1-3.WU Qide,TONG Yuanfeng.The research tendency to improve the properties of RBSC materials[J].Jiangsu Ceramics,2001,34(4):1-3.
[12]聂丽芳,王君,王静,等.炭黑对水基凝胶注模碳化硅/炭黑浆料及坯体性能的影响[J].陶瓷,2008(3):28-30.NIE Lifang,WANG Jun,WANG Jing,et al.The effect of carbon black on SiC/carbon black slurry and the green body by gel casting[J].Ceramics,2008(3):28-30.
[13]FAVRE A,FUZELLIER H,SUPTIL J.An original way to investigate the siliconizing of carbon materials[J].Ceramics International,2003,29(3):235-243.
[14]NANNETTI C A,RICCARDI B,ORTONA A,et al.Development of 2Dand 3Dhi-nicalon fibres/SiC matrix composites manufactured by a combined CVI-PIP route[J].Journal of Nuclear Materials,2002,307(3):1196-1199.
[15]XU Y,CHENG L,ZHANG L.Carbon/silicon carbide composites prepared by chemical vapor infiltration combined with silicon melt infiltration[J].Carbon,1999,37(8):1179-1187.
[16]NESS J N,PAGE T F.Microstructural evolution in reaction-bonded silicon carbide[J].Journal of Materials Science,1986,21(4):1377-1397.
[17]关振铎,张中太,焦金生.无机材料物理性能[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1992:82-83.
[18]SCAFE,GIUNTA G,FABBRI L,et al.Mechanical behaviour of silicon-silicon carbide composites[J].Journal of the European Ceramic Society,1996,16(7):703-712.
[19]穆柏春.陶瓷材料的强韧化[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2002:37-38.
[20]时海芳,任鑫.材料力学性能[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2015:60-66.
[21]LU Z L,LU F,CAO J W,et al.Manufacturing properties of turbine blades of carbon fiber-reinforced SiC composite based on stereolithography[J].Advanced Manufacturing Processes,2014,29(2):201-209.
[22]LU Z L,CAO J W,JING H,et al.Review of main manufacturing processes of complex hollow turbine blades[J].Virtual&Physical Prototyping,2013,8(2):87-95.
[23]LU Z L,CAO J W,BAI S Z,et al.Microstructure and mechanical properties of TiAl-based composites prepared by stereolithography and gelcasting technologies[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2015,633:280-287.
[24]白树钊,鲁中良,曹继伟,等.凝胶注模陶瓷素坯固体干燥剂干燥尺寸精度控制[J].西安交通大学学报,2017,51(2):135-139.BAI Shuzhao,LU Zhongliang,CAO Jiwei,et al.Dimensional accuracy control of gelcast ceramic green body during drying process with solid desiccant[J].Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University,2017,51(2):135-139.