特低渗透油藏CO_2驱油室内实验与矿场应用
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摘要
延长石油特低渗透油藏储量丰富,注水开发中存在易水敏、注水困难等问题。CO_2驱能有效补充地层能量,改善地层原油性质,进而提高油藏采收率。利用CO_2-地层原油接触实验、岩心渗流和驱替室内实验,描述CO_2-地层原油两相渗流特征,分析CO_2驱油机理和驱油特征,并在靖边特低渗油藏进行了矿场实验。研究表明,特低渗储层CO_2-原油油气两相共渗范围大,CO_2具有降低原油黏度,使原油体积膨胀等作用,非混相驱和混相驱均可较好地开发特低渗透油藏,其中生产井见气前与低气液比阶段是油藏主要生产期。CO_2驱矿场试验表明,特低渗透油藏注气能力是注水能力的2倍,注气能快速有效补充地层能量,增加油田产量,目前试验区生产整体呈日产液、日产油上升态势。
The ultra-low permeability reservoirs are abundant in Yanchang Petroleum,and moreover the following problems occur in the process of the oilfield development: easy to water sensitivity,difficult to water inject and so forth. CO_2 flooding can effectively complement the reservoir energy,improve the crude oil properties and enhance the oil recovery. With the help of CO_2-stratigraphic crude oil contact experiment,core seepage and displacement laboratory experiments,the two-phase seepage characteristics of the CO_2 and stratigraphic crude oil were characterized,and the CO_2 oil flooding mechanism and the oil displaced characteristics were analyzed,and furthermore the field test was implemented in Jingbian ultra-low permeability oil reservoir. The research results show that the CO_2-oil two-phase flow has a large two-phase seepage zone in the ultra-low permeability reservoir,and the CO_2 has the obvious effects of reducing the viscosity of the crude oil and expanding the volume of the crude oil,both immiscible and miscible floodings can more better develop the ultra-low permeability reservoir,before the gas breakthrough for the producers and in the interval of low gas-liquid ratio are the main production periods of the reservoir. The CO_2 flooding field test shows that for the ultra-low permeability reservoir,the gas injectivity is two times than that of the water; the injected gas can rapidly add the formation energy and enhance the oilfield production. At present,the promising prospects of the daily liquid and oil productions occur in a while for the test block.
The ultra-low permeability reservoirs are abundant in Yanchang Petroleum,and moreover the following problems occur in the process of the oilfield development: easy to water sensitivity,difficult to water inject and so forth. CO_2 flooding can effectively complement the reservoir energy,improve the crude oil properties and enhance the oil recovery. With the help of CO_2-stratigraphic crude oil contact experiment,core seepage and displacement laboratory experiments,the two-phase seepage characteristics of the CO_2 and stratigraphic crude oil were characterized,and the CO_2 oil flooding mechanism and the oil displaced characteristics were analyzed,and furthermore the field test was implemented in Jingbian ultra-low permeability oil reservoir. The research results show that the CO_2-oil two-phase flow has a large two-phase seepage zone in the ultra-low permeability reservoir,and the CO_2 has the obvious effects of reducing the viscosity of the crude oil and expanding the volume of the crude oil,both immiscible and miscible floodings can more better develop the ultra-low permeability reservoir,before the gas breakthrough for the producers and in the interval of low gas-liquid ratio are the main production periods of the reservoir. The CO_2 flooding field test shows that for the ultra-low permeability reservoir,the gas injectivity is two times than that of the water; the injected gas can rapidly add the formation energy and enhance the oilfield production. At present,the promising prospects of the daily liquid and oil productions occur in a while for the test block.
引文
[1]郝永卯,薄启炜,陈月明.CO2驱油实验研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(2):110-112.
[2]郭平,李士伦,杜志敏,等.低渗透油藏注气提高采收率评价[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2002,24(5):46-50.
[3]魏浩光,岳湘安,赵永攀,等.特低渗透油藏天然气非混相驱实验[J].石油学报,2011,32(2):307-310.
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[7]Yu Wei,Lashgari H R,Wu K.CO2injection for enhanced oil recovery in Bakken tight oil Reservoirs[J].Fuel,2015,159(1):354-363.
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[10]计秉玉,王友启,聂俊,等.中国石化提高采收率技术研究进展与应用[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(4):572-576.
[11]任相坤,崔永君,步学朋,等.鄂尔多斯盆地CO2地质封存潜力分析[J].中国能源,2010,32(1):29-32.
[12]万晓龙,高春宁,王永康,等.人工裂缝与天然裂缝耦合关系及其开发意义[J].地质力学学报,2009,15(3):245-252.
[13]段毅,曹喜喜,赵阳,等.鄂尔多斯盆地中生界低压油藏特征与形成机制[J].地球科学,2014,39(3):341-349.
[14]胡滨,胡文瑞,李秀生,等.老油田二次开发与CO2驱油技术研究[J].新疆石油地质,2013,34(4):436-440.
[15]李俊峰,柴麒敏.《巴黎协定》生效的意义[J].世界环境,2017(1):16-18.
[16]刘志坚,史建公,张毅.二氧化碳储存技术研究进展[J].中外能源,2017,22(3):1-9.
[17]宋新民,杨思玉.国内外CCS技术现状与中国主动应对策略[J].油气藏评价与开发,2011,1(1):25-30.
[18]王瑞飞,沈平平,宋子齐,等.特低渗透砂岩油藏储层微观孔喉特征[J].石油学报,2009,30(4):560-563.
[19]徐绍良,岳湘安,侯吉瑞,等.边界层流体对低渗透油藏渗流特性的影响[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2007,22(2):26-28.
[20]闫庆来,何秋轩.低渗透油层中单相液体渗流特征的实验研究[J].西安石油学院学报,1990,5(2):1-6.
[21]林玉保,刘春林,卫秀芬,等.特低渗透储层油水渗流特征研究[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2005,24(6):42-44.
[22]汪艳勇.大庆榆树林油田扶杨油层CO2驱油实验[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2015,34(1):136-139.
[23]郝宏达,侯吉瑞,赵凤兰,等.低渗透非均质油藏二氧化碳非混相驱窜逸控制实验[J].油气地质与采收率,2016,23(3):95-100.
[24]孙庆和,何玺,李长禄.特低渗透储层微缝特征及对注水开发效果的影响[J].石油学报,2000,21(4):52-57.
[25]王伟,杨辉,黄春霞,等.特低渗非均质油藏水窜后提高波及效率研究[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2016,38(3):107-113.
[26]Kamali F,Hussain F,Cinar Y.A laboratory and numerical-simulation study of co-optimizing CO2storage and CO2enhanced oil recovery[R].SPE-171520-MS,2014.
[27]沈平平,江怀友,陈永武,等.CO2注入技术提高采收率研究[J].特种油气藏,2010,14(3):1-4.
[28]王建波,高云从,宗畅,等.特低渗油藏CO2非混相驱水气交替注入见效特征[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2016,35(2):116-120.
[2]郭平,李士伦,杜志敏,等.低渗透油藏注气提高采收率评价[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2002,24(5):46-50.
[3]魏浩光,岳湘安,赵永攀,等.特低渗透油藏天然气非混相驱实验[J].石油学报,2011,32(2):307-310.
[4]祝春生,程林松.低渗透油藏CO2驱提高原油采收率评价研究[J].钻采工艺,2007,30(6):55-57.
[5]Khosravi M,Bahramian A,Emadi M.Mechanistic investigation of bypassed-oil recovery during CO2injection in matrix and fracture[J].Fuel,2014,117(Part A)43-49.
[6]秦积舜,韩海水,刘晓蕾.美国CO2驱油技术应用及启示[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(2):209-216.
[7]Yu Wei,Lashgari H R,Wu K.CO2injection for enhanced oil recovery in Bakken tight oil Reservoirs[J].Fuel,2015,159(1):354-363.
[8]Gorecki C,Hamling J,Ensrud J,et al.Integrating CO2EOR and CO2storage in the Bell Creek Oil Field[R].Carbon Management Technology Conference,CMTC-151476-MS,2012.
[9]陈欢庆,胡永乐,田昌炳.CO2驱油与埋存研究进展[J].油田化学,2012,29(1):118-123.
[10]计秉玉,王友启,聂俊,等.中国石化提高采收率技术研究进展与应用[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(4):572-576.
[11]任相坤,崔永君,步学朋,等.鄂尔多斯盆地CO2地质封存潜力分析[J].中国能源,2010,32(1):29-32.
[12]万晓龙,高春宁,王永康,等.人工裂缝与天然裂缝耦合关系及其开发意义[J].地质力学学报,2009,15(3):245-252.
[13]段毅,曹喜喜,赵阳,等.鄂尔多斯盆地中生界低压油藏特征与形成机制[J].地球科学,2014,39(3):341-349.
[14]胡滨,胡文瑞,李秀生,等.老油田二次开发与CO2驱油技术研究[J].新疆石油地质,2013,34(4):436-440.
[15]李俊峰,柴麒敏.《巴黎协定》生效的意义[J].世界环境,2017(1):16-18.
[16]刘志坚,史建公,张毅.二氧化碳储存技术研究进展[J].中外能源,2017,22(3):1-9.
[17]宋新民,杨思玉.国内外CCS技术现状与中国主动应对策略[J].油气藏评价与开发,2011,1(1):25-30.
[18]王瑞飞,沈平平,宋子齐,等.特低渗透砂岩油藏储层微观孔喉特征[J].石油学报,2009,30(4):560-563.
[19]徐绍良,岳湘安,侯吉瑞,等.边界层流体对低渗透油藏渗流特性的影响[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2007,22(2):26-28.
[20]闫庆来,何秋轩.低渗透油层中单相液体渗流特征的实验研究[J].西安石油学院学报,1990,5(2):1-6.
[21]林玉保,刘春林,卫秀芬,等.特低渗透储层油水渗流特征研究[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2005,24(6):42-44.
[22]汪艳勇.大庆榆树林油田扶杨油层CO2驱油实验[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2015,34(1):136-139.
[23]郝宏达,侯吉瑞,赵凤兰,等.低渗透非均质油藏二氧化碳非混相驱窜逸控制实验[J].油气地质与采收率,2016,23(3):95-100.
[24]孙庆和,何玺,李长禄.特低渗透储层微缝特征及对注水开发效果的影响[J].石油学报,2000,21(4):52-57.
[25]王伟,杨辉,黄春霞,等.特低渗非均质油藏水窜后提高波及效率研究[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2016,38(3):107-113.
[26]Kamali F,Hussain F,Cinar Y.A laboratory and numerical-simulation study of co-optimizing CO2storage and CO2enhanced oil recovery[R].SPE-171520-MS,2014.
[27]沈平平,江怀友,陈永武,等.CO2注入技术提高采收率研究[J].特种油气藏,2010,14(3):1-4.
[28]王建波,高云从,宗畅,等.特低渗油藏CO2非混相驱水气交替注入见效特征[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2016,35(2):116-120.