富水软岩隧道近距离下穿水库的预加固技术研究
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摘要
在富水软弱地层隧道施工中,采用超前预加固技术是施工关键要素之一。广通一大理铁路南华1号隧道下穿水库区段,其围岩具有结构面发育,极其破碎且遇水易软化等特点,在施工中易受地下水的影响而发生大变形甚至塌方事故,故需要对地层进行预加固处理。通过有限元分析确定了预加固的必要性之后,对隧道预加固不同方案进行比选,并和施工现场监控测量结果进行对比,验证了该加固方案的合理性。研究结果表明,采用地面加固的方案,加固范围选取隧道左、右两侧加固3 m,竖向加固7 m,加固后按三台阶临时仰拱法进行开挖,可保证围岩与结构处于安全允许范围之内,并使隧道安全下穿水库,可为今后类似工程的设计与施工提供一定的借鉴和指导作用。
The use of advanced pre-reinforcement is one of the key elements in the tunnellng with water-rich and weak formations. During the construction of Nanhua No. 1 tunnel of Guangtong to Dali railway,the tunnel has to cross below the ground surface reservoir. The surrounding rock belongs to the weak and water-rich stratum, and the structural surface is developed. It is extremely fragile and easy to soften, and vulnerable to large deformation and even landslide accidents due to the groundwater. Therefore,it is necessary to pre-reinforce the stratum to ensure the safety of the tunnel when it passes beneath the reservoir. In this paper,numerical simulation method is used to prove the necessity of pre-reinforcement and to select the suitable pre-reinforcement method. The calculation results are compared with the filed monitored results to verify feasibility of the selected reinforcement method. The study shows that the ground surface reinforcement method is suitable for this project. The rational reinforcement range is 3 meters on the left and right sides of the tunnel and 7 meters above the tunnel crown. After the reinforcement, the threebench and temporary inverted arch construction method is used for excavation. Finally, the surrounding rock and structure are within allowable safety limits. The study can provide guidance for the similar projects in the future.
The use of advanced pre-reinforcement is one of the key elements in the tunnellng with water-rich and weak formations. During the construction of Nanhua No. 1 tunnel of Guangtong to Dali railway,the tunnel has to cross below the ground surface reservoir. The surrounding rock belongs to the weak and water-rich stratum, and the structural surface is developed. It is extremely fragile and easy to soften, and vulnerable to large deformation and even landslide accidents due to the groundwater. Therefore,it is necessary to pre-reinforce the stratum to ensure the safety of the tunnel when it passes beneath the reservoir. In this paper,numerical simulation method is used to prove the necessity of pre-reinforcement and to select the suitable pre-reinforcement method. The calculation results are compared with the filed monitored results to verify feasibility of the selected reinforcement method. The study shows that the ground surface reinforcement method is suitable for this project. The rational reinforcement range is 3 meters on the left and right sides of the tunnel and 7 meters above the tunnel crown. After the reinforcement, the threebench and temporary inverted arch construction method is used for excavation. Finally, the surrounding rock and structure are within allowable safety limits. The study can provide guidance for the similar projects in the future.
引文
[1]陈先国,曹平辉,韦远飞,等.宜泸高速涪溪口隧道下穿水库施工方案[C]//四川省公路学会工程施工专业委员会2011年学术交流会论文集,2011.CHEN Xianguo,CAO Pinghui, WEI Yuanfei,et al. Construction Plan for the Xiakoukou Tunnel under the Yishao Expressway[C]//Proceedings of 2011 Academic Exchange Conference of Construction Professional Committee of Sichuan Provincial Highway Engineering Committee,2011.
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[4]邓雄武.大断面软弱围岩浅埋隧道下穿水库施工技术[J].城市建设理论研究(电子版),2013.DENG Xiongwu. Construction Technology of Shallow-buried Tunnel with Large Section and Weak Surrounding Rock[J]. City Construction Theory Research(Electronic Edition),2013.
[5]郭乾.典型不良地质条件下隧道围岩稳定性分析及对策研究[D].重庆:重庆交通大学,2010.GUO Qian. Stability Analysis and Countermeasures of Tunnel Surrounding Rock under Typical Bad Geological Conditions[D].Chongqing:Chongqing Jiaotong University,2010.
[6]孟猛.软弱地层隧道超前预加固措施作用效果研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2015.MENG Meng. Study on the Effect of Pre-reinforcement Measures for Weak Formation Tunnels[D]. Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2015.
[7]周祥.秀宁隧道下穿龙潭水库施工技术研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2012.ZHOU Xiang. Research on Construction Technology of XiuNing Tunnel under Longtan Reservoir[D]. Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2012.
[8]石钰锋,雷金山,阳军生,等.富水软弱地层隧道复合加固机理及参数研究[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2015,(3):596-599.SHI Yufeng, LEI Jinshan,YANG Junsheng,et al. Composite Reinforcement Mechanism and Parameters of Weak Water Weak Stratum Tunnels[J]. Journal of Railway Science and Engineering,2015,(3):596-599.
[9]杜旭妹,王旭,蒋鹏程,张延杰.富地表水浅埋暗挖隧道围岩稳定性分析[J].铁道建筑,2013,(12):35-38.DU Xumei,WANG Xu,JIANG Pengcheng,ZHANG Yanjie. Stability Analysis of Surrounding Rock in Shallow-buried Tunnel with Rich Surface Water[J]. Railway Construction, 2013,(12):35-38.
[10]吉小明.复杂环境下富水地层中隧道围岩组合预加固技术应用分析[A].中国土木工程学会隧道及地下工程分会.2016中国隧道与地下工程大会(CTUC)暨中国土木工程学会隧道及地下工程分会第十九届年会论文集[C].中国土木工程学会隧道及地下工程分会,2016.JI Xiaoming. Application Analysis of Pre-reinforcement Technology of Tunnel surrounding Rock in Water-rich Stratum in Complex Environment[A]. Tunnels and Underground Engineering Branch of China Civil Engineering Society. Proceedings of 2016 China Tunnel and Underground Engineering Conference(CTUC)and the 19th Annual Meeting of the Tunnels and Underground Engineering Branch of China Civil Engineering Society Tunnel[C]. Tunnels and Underground Engineering Branch of China Civil Engineering Society,2016.
[11] DIAS D. Convergence-confinement Approach for Designing Tunnel Face Reinforcement by Horizontal Bolting[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology Incorporating Trenchless Technology Research,2011,26(4):517-523.
[12]魏义山,江红,陈剑,郑响凑,杨峰.地铁斜井通道袖阀管注浆预加固技术应用研究[J].中外公路,2017,37(2):213-217.WEI Yishan, JIANG Hong, CHEN Jian, ZHENG Xiangcou, YANG Feng. Application Research on Grouting Pre-reinforcement Technology of Sleeve Valve Tube in Subway Inclined Shaft[J]. Chinese Journal of Highways,2017,37(2):213-217.
[13]谭杰.富水软弱地层隧道预加固技术与开挖方法研究[J].中外公路,2017,37(2):185-189.TAN Jie. Research on Pre-reinforcement Technology and Excavation Method for Weak Water Weak Stratum Tunnel[J]. China Foreign Highway,2017,37(2):185-189.
[14]孙星亮,景诗庭.水平钻孔旋喷注浆加固地层效果研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998,(5):111-115.SUN Xingliang,JING Shiting. Study on the Effect of Horizontal Drilling and Jet Grouting to Strengthen the Stratum[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 1998,(5):111-115.
[2]张梅.浅层穿越水库隧道施工技术及围岩稳定性分析[D].成都:西华大学,2012.ZHANG Mei. Construction Technology of Shallow Tunnel Crossing Reservoir and Stability Analysis of Surrounding Rock[D].Chengdu:Xihua University,2012.
[3]张成平,张顶立,韩凯航,等.深圳地铁富水软弱地层工程性质及开挖后沉降特征研究[J].现代隧道技术,2014,51(4):113-120.ZHANG Chengping, ZHANG Dingli, HAN Kaihang, et al. Study on Engineering Properties and Settlement Characteristics of Excavated Weak Stratum in Shenzhen Subway[J]. Modern Tunnelling Technology,2014,51(4):113-120.
[4]邓雄武.大断面软弱围岩浅埋隧道下穿水库施工技术[J].城市建设理论研究(电子版),2013.DENG Xiongwu. Construction Technology of Shallow-buried Tunnel with Large Section and Weak Surrounding Rock[J]. City Construction Theory Research(Electronic Edition),2013.
[5]郭乾.典型不良地质条件下隧道围岩稳定性分析及对策研究[D].重庆:重庆交通大学,2010.GUO Qian. Stability Analysis and Countermeasures of Tunnel Surrounding Rock under Typical Bad Geological Conditions[D].Chongqing:Chongqing Jiaotong University,2010.
[6]孟猛.软弱地层隧道超前预加固措施作用效果研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2015.MENG Meng. Study on the Effect of Pre-reinforcement Measures for Weak Formation Tunnels[D]. Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2015.
[7]周祥.秀宁隧道下穿龙潭水库施工技术研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2012.ZHOU Xiang. Research on Construction Technology of XiuNing Tunnel under Longtan Reservoir[D]. Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2012.
[8]石钰锋,雷金山,阳军生,等.富水软弱地层隧道复合加固机理及参数研究[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2015,(3):596-599.SHI Yufeng, LEI Jinshan,YANG Junsheng,et al. Composite Reinforcement Mechanism and Parameters of Weak Water Weak Stratum Tunnels[J]. Journal of Railway Science and Engineering,2015,(3):596-599.
[9]杜旭妹,王旭,蒋鹏程,张延杰.富地表水浅埋暗挖隧道围岩稳定性分析[J].铁道建筑,2013,(12):35-38.DU Xumei,WANG Xu,JIANG Pengcheng,ZHANG Yanjie. Stability Analysis of Surrounding Rock in Shallow-buried Tunnel with Rich Surface Water[J]. Railway Construction, 2013,(12):35-38.
[10]吉小明.复杂环境下富水地层中隧道围岩组合预加固技术应用分析[A].中国土木工程学会隧道及地下工程分会.2016中国隧道与地下工程大会(CTUC)暨中国土木工程学会隧道及地下工程分会第十九届年会论文集[C].中国土木工程学会隧道及地下工程分会,2016.JI Xiaoming. Application Analysis of Pre-reinforcement Technology of Tunnel surrounding Rock in Water-rich Stratum in Complex Environment[A]. Tunnels and Underground Engineering Branch of China Civil Engineering Society. Proceedings of 2016 China Tunnel and Underground Engineering Conference(CTUC)and the 19th Annual Meeting of the Tunnels and Underground Engineering Branch of China Civil Engineering Society Tunnel[C]. Tunnels and Underground Engineering Branch of China Civil Engineering Society,2016.
[11] DIAS D. Convergence-confinement Approach for Designing Tunnel Face Reinforcement by Horizontal Bolting[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology Incorporating Trenchless Technology Research,2011,26(4):517-523.
[12]魏义山,江红,陈剑,郑响凑,杨峰.地铁斜井通道袖阀管注浆预加固技术应用研究[J].中外公路,2017,37(2):213-217.WEI Yishan, JIANG Hong, CHEN Jian, ZHENG Xiangcou, YANG Feng. Application Research on Grouting Pre-reinforcement Technology of Sleeve Valve Tube in Subway Inclined Shaft[J]. Chinese Journal of Highways,2017,37(2):213-217.
[13]谭杰.富水软弱地层隧道预加固技术与开挖方法研究[J].中外公路,2017,37(2):185-189.TAN Jie. Research on Pre-reinforcement Technology and Excavation Method for Weak Water Weak Stratum Tunnel[J]. China Foreign Highway,2017,37(2):185-189.
[14]孙星亮,景诗庭.水平钻孔旋喷注浆加固地层效果研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998,(5):111-115.SUN Xingliang,JING Shiting. Study on the Effect of Horizontal Drilling and Jet Grouting to Strengthen the Stratum[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 1998,(5):111-115.