浅埋煤层地下水库流固耦合模型特征参数试验研究
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摘要
煤层采动引起的岩体运移、裂隙演化与渗流特性对煤矿地下水库的设计建造具有重要影响,为获取地下水库围岩体物理特征参数,开展相似材料流固耦合模型试验研究,结合典型浅埋煤层水文地质及开采条件,建立了立体相似材料流固耦合模型。通过监测煤层开挖过程中顶板下沉量、煤柱应力、含水层渗压等特征参数的变化,研究了煤层采动过程中破断岩体运移、裂隙演化规律及扰动岩层渗流特性变化规律。试验结果表明:煤层开挖后,煤柱上覆岩层形成倒台阶结构,煤柱应力先增大后减小。顶板岩层先后经历"弯曲下沉—裂隙发育—破断垮落"的动态演化过程,岩层裂隙发育程度决定了形成的导水裂隙带数量,可用岩层渗压下降速率表征岩层裂隙发育程度。岩层大面积垮冒滞后于导水裂隙带形成,含水层渗压突变先于岩层突降下沉发生,可将含水层渗压突降作为顶板来压垮冒的预兆之一。
A rock mass migration,crack evolution and seepage features caused by the seam mining could be highly affected to the design and construction of the underground water reservoir.In order to get the physical features and parameters of the surrounding rock mass in the underground water reservoir,an experiment study was conducted on a fluid-solid coupling model of the similar material. In combination with the hydrogeological and mining conditions of the typical shallow depth seam,the fluid-solid coupling model of the 3 D similar material was established.With the monitoring and measuring on the variations of the roof subsidence,coal pillar stress,aquifer seepage pressure and other feature parameters during the mining and excavation process of the seam,a study was conducted on the broken rock mass migration,crack evolution law and the disturbance rock seepage features varied law during the mining process of the seam. the experiment results showed that after the excavation of the seam,the overburden strata above the coal pillar would form a inverted step structure and the coal pillar stress would be firstly increased and then decreased. The rock strata of the roof before and after experienced a dynamic evolution process of"bending subsidence-crack development-broken collapse".The crack development degree of the rock strata would determine the number of the formed water flowing crack zone.The seepage pressure decreased rate of the rock strata could be applied to characterize the crack development degree of the rock strata.A large area collapsing of the rock strata would lag behind the formation of the water flowing cracks.A sudden changed seepage pressure of the aquifer would be before the sudden subsidence occurred.A sudden reduced seepage pressure of the aquifer could be one of the foretastes to the roof weighting and collapsing.
A rock mass migration,crack evolution and seepage features caused by the seam mining could be highly affected to the design and construction of the underground water reservoir.In order to get the physical features and parameters of the surrounding rock mass in the underground water reservoir,an experiment study was conducted on a fluid-solid coupling model of the similar material. In combination with the hydrogeological and mining conditions of the typical shallow depth seam,the fluid-solid coupling model of the 3 D similar material was established.With the monitoring and measuring on the variations of the roof subsidence,coal pillar stress,aquifer seepage pressure and other feature parameters during the mining and excavation process of the seam,a study was conducted on the broken rock mass migration,crack evolution law and the disturbance rock seepage features varied law during the mining process of the seam. the experiment results showed that after the excavation of the seam,the overburden strata above the coal pillar would form a inverted step structure and the coal pillar stress would be firstly increased and then decreased. The rock strata of the roof before and after experienced a dynamic evolution process of"bending subsidence-crack development-broken collapse".The crack development degree of the rock strata would determine the number of the formed water flowing crack zone.The seepage pressure decreased rate of the rock strata could be applied to characterize the crack development degree of the rock strata.A large area collapsing of the rock strata would lag behind the formation of the water flowing cracks.A sudden changed seepage pressure of the aquifer would be before the sudden subsidence occurred.A sudden reduced seepage pressure of the aquifer could be one of the foretastes to the roof weighting and collapsing.
引文
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[13]曹志国,李全生,董斌琦,等.煤矿地下水库技术标准体系构建与制定[J].煤矿安全,2016,47(10):242-245.CAO ZHiguo,LI Quansheng,DONG Binqi,et al.Construction and formulation of technical standard system for underground reservoirs in coal mines[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2016,47(10):242-245.
[2]师修昌.煤炭开采上覆岩层变形破坏及其渗透性评价研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2016.
[3]何绪文,杨静,邵立南,等.我国矿井水资源化利用存在的问题与解决对策[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(1):63-66.HE Xuwen,YANG Jing,SHAO Linan,et al.Problem and countermeasure of mine water resource regeneration in China[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2008,33(1):66-69.
[4]周如禄,高亮,郭中权,等.煤矿矿井水井下直接处理及循环利用[J].中国给水排水,2013,29(4):71-74.ZHOU Rulu,GAO Liang,GUO Zhongquan,et al.Underground direct treatment and recycle of coal mine water[J].China Water and Wastewater,2013,29(4):71-75.
[5]何绪文,张晓航,李福勤,等.煤矿矿井水资源化综合利用体系与技术创新[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(9):4-11.HE Xuwen,ZHANG Xiaohang,LI Fuqin,et al.Comprehensive utilization system and technical innovation of coal mine water resources[J].Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(9):4-11.
[6]顾大钊.煤矿地下水库理论框架和技术体系[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(2):239-246.GU Dazhao.Theory framework and technological system of coalmine underground reservoir[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(2):239-246.
[7]顾大钊.“能源金三角”地区煤炭开采水资源保护与利用工程技术[J].煤炭工程,2014,46(10):34-37.Gu Dazhao.Water resource protection and utilization engineering technology of coal mining in“Energy Golden Triangle”region[J].Coal Engineering,2014,46(10):33-37.
[8]李庭,顾大钊,李井峰,等.基于废弃煤矿采空区的矿井水抽水蓄能调峰系统构建[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(9):93-98.LI Ting,GU Dazhao,LI Jingfeng,et al.Construction of pumped storage peak shaving system for mine water based on abandoned coal mine goaf[J].Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(9):93-98.
[9]刘晓丽,王恩志,董斌琦,等.一种用于模拟煤层开采的模拟系统及模拟试验方法[P].北京:CN105181372A,2015-12-23.
[10]鞠金峰,许家林,朱卫兵.西部缺水矿区地下水库保水的库容研究[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(2):381-387.JU Jinfeng,XU Jialin,ZHU Weibing.Storage capacity of underground reservoir in the Chinese western water short coal field[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(2):381-387.
[11]董书宁.干旱、半干旱复杂矿区水资源系统优化配置及综合利用[D].西安:长安大学,2010.
[12]范立民,冀瑞君.论榆神府矿区煤炭资源的适度开发问题[J].中国煤炭,2015,41(2):40-44.FAN Limin,JI Ruijun.Discussion on the problem of moderate coal mining intensity in Yu-Shen-Fu Mining Area[J].China Coal,2015,41(2):40-44.
[13]曹志国,李全生,董斌琦,等.煤矿地下水库技术标准体系构建与制定[J].煤矿安全,2016,47(10):242-245.CAO ZHiguo,LI Quansheng,DONG Binqi,et al.Construction and formulation of technical standard system for underground reservoirs in coal mines[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2016,47(10):242-245.