聚合物驱注采参数无梯度优化新算法
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摘要
无梯度优化算法对最优化算法理论研究具有重要意义,已经被应用于许多实际问题的解决,也可以用来求解聚合物驱注采参数最优控制模型问题。针对有限差分随机逼近(FDSA)算法和同时扰动随机逼近(SPSA)算法的优缺点,提出了一种有限差分梯度引导的同时扰动随机逼近(SPSA-FDG)算法,建立了油藏数值模拟模型,开展了聚合物驱注采参数最优控制研究,并将3种算法的结果进行了对比和分析。结果表明:SPSA-FDG算法收敛性要好于FDSA算法和SPSA算法,且易于和任何油藏数值模拟器相结合,能够用来求解聚合物驱最优控制问题;与均匀注聚方案对比发现,采用由SPSA-FDG算法计算得到的优化方案,聚合物驱见效时间提前,含水下降漏斗加深,累积采出程度提高,油藏总体开发效果更好。SPSA-FDG算法可应用于其他化学驱油田以改善化学驱效果。
Non-gradient optimization algorithm for optimization algorithms theory research is meaningful and has been applied in many practical problems,and it can also be used to solve the optimal control model of injectionproduction parameters for polymer flooding. Aiming at the advantages and disadvantages of finite difference stochastic approximation(FDSA)and simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation(SPSA),a simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation algorithm guided by finite difference gradient(SPSA-FDG)was proposed.Based on CMG reservoir numerical simulation software,reservoir numerical simulation model was established,by using the SPSA-FDG,optimal control study of injection-production parameters for polymer flooding was carried out,and the optimized results with the three algorithms were analyzed. The results show that the convergence of SPSA-FDG algorithm is better than that of FDSA and SPSA algorithm,and it is easy to combine with any reservoir numerical simulator to solve the optimal control problem of polymer flooding. Compared with uniform polymer flooding scheme,it is found that by using the optimized scheme calculated by SPSA-FDG algo-rithm,polymer flooding efficiency time is ahead of schedule,the water cut drop funnel is deepened,the cumulative recovery degree is improved,and the overall reservoir development effect is better. SPSA-FDG algorithm can be applied in other chemical flooding fields to improve the effect of chemical flooding.
Non-gradient optimization algorithm for optimization algorithms theory research is meaningful and has been applied in many practical problems,and it can also be used to solve the optimal control model of injectionproduction parameters for polymer flooding. Aiming at the advantages and disadvantages of finite difference stochastic approximation(FDSA)and simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation(SPSA),a simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation algorithm guided by finite difference gradient(SPSA-FDG)was proposed.Based on CMG reservoir numerical simulation software,reservoir numerical simulation model was established,by using the SPSA-FDG,optimal control study of injection-production parameters for polymer flooding was carried out,and the optimized results with the three algorithms were analyzed. The results show that the convergence of SPSA-FDG algorithm is better than that of FDSA and SPSA algorithm,and it is easy to combine with any reservoir numerical simulator to solve the optimal control problem of polymer flooding. Compared with uniform polymer flooding scheme,it is found that by using the optimized scheme calculated by SPSA-FDG algo-rithm,polymer flooding efficiency time is ahead of schedule,the water cut drop funnel is deepened,the cumulative recovery degree is improved,and the overall reservoir development effect is better. SPSA-FDG algorithm can be applied in other chemical flooding fields to improve the effect of chemical flooding.
引文
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[20]周丛丛.聚合物驱相对渗透率计算的微观模拟研究.岩性油气藏,2011,23(3):119-123.ZHOU C C.Microscopic simulation of relative permeability curves in polymer flooding.Lithologic Reservoirs,2011,23(3):119-123.
[21]张凯,李阳,姚军,等.油藏生产优化理论研究.石油学报,2010,31(1):78-83.ZHANG K,LI Y,YAO J,et al.Theoretical research on production optimization of oil reservoirs.Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(1):78-83.
[22]陈朝辉,尹彦君,王宏申,等.基于蒙特卡洛法的边水油藏聚合物驱段塞优化.特种油气藏,2015,22(4):112-114.CHEN Z H,YIN Y J,WANG H S,et al.Optimization of polymer flooding slug for edge-water reservoir based on the Monte Carlo method.Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2015,22(4):112-114.
[2]明玉坤.基于响应曲面法的二元复合驱注采参数优化方法:以孤东油田七区西Ng41-51区块为例.油气地质与采收率,2017,24(3):91-97.MING Y K.Optimization method of the injection-production parameters for SP flooding based on the response surface methodology:a case study of Ng41-51 submember in the west of the7 th block of Gudong oilfield.Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2017,24(3):91-97.
[3]于天忠.水平井化学驱物理模拟及数值模拟研究.岩性油气藏,2013,25(5):104-108.YU T Z.Research on physical simulation and numerical simulation of horizontal well chemical flooding.Lithologic Reservoirs,2013,25(5):104-108.
[4]杨俊茹,谢晓庆,张健,等.交联聚合物微球-聚合物复合调驱注入参数优化设计.石油勘探与开发,2014,41(6):727-730.YANG J R,XIE X Q,ZHANG J,et al.Injection parameters optimization of cross-linked polymer microspheres and polymer composite flooding system.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(6):727-730.
[5]田帅,吴志学.一种基于无梯度思想的弹性接触问题优化方法.应用力学学报,2013,30(1):104-108.TIAN S,WU Z X.A gradient-less based optimization method of elastic contact problems.Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics,2013,30(1):104-108.
[6]任芳芳,李德权.时延情形下的分布式随机无梯度优化算法.安徽理工大学学报(自然科学版),2016,36(1):34-39.REN F F,LI D Q.Randomized gradient-free for distributed optimization algorithm with communication delay.Journal of Anhui University of Science and Technology(Natural Science),2016,36(1):34-39.
[7]李德权,陈平.多个体网络分布式随机投影无梯度优化算法.计算机科学与探索,2016,10(11):1564-1570.LI D Q,CHEN P.Distributed random projection gradient-free optimization algorithm for multi-agent networks.Journal of Frontiers of Computer Science and Technology,2016,10(11):1564-1570.
[8]章威,喻高明,胡海霞,等.含水率曲线对聚合物驱特征参数的敏感性分析.岩性油气藏,2012,24(1):125-128.ZHANG W,YU G M,HU H X,et al.Sensitivity analysis of polymer flooding characteristic parameters on water cut curve.Lithologic Reservoirs,2012,24(1):125-128.
[9]朱海陶,廖瑛,黄斌,等.基于梯度优化法的基坑整体稳定可靠度及模糊可靠度分析.盐城工学院学报(自然科学版),2015,28(3):75-78.ZHU H T,LIAO Y,HUANG B,et al.Stable reliability and fuzzy reliability analysis of foundation pit based on gradient optimization method.Journal of Yancheng Institute of Technology(Natural Science Edition),2015,28(3):75-78.
[10]张继红,郭鑫.聚合物与葡北油田储层孔隙结构适应性研究.岩性油气藏,2016,28(4):101-105.ZHANG J H,GUO X.Adaptability of polymer to reservoir pore structure in Pubei Oilfield.Lithologic Reservoirs,2016,28(4):101-105.
[11]CHEN Y,OLIVER D S.Ensemble-based closed-loop optimization applied to brugge field.SPE 118926,2009.
[12]CONN A R,VICENTE K S L.Introduction to derivativefree optimization.Philadelphia:MPS-SLAMSeries on Optimization,SIAM,2009.
[13]赵辉.油藏开发闭合生产优化理论研究.青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2011.ZHAO H.Study on optimization theory of closed production in reservoir development.Qingdao:China University of Petroleum,2011.
[14]赵辉,唐乙玮,康志江,等.油藏开发生产优化近似扰动梯度升级算法.中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2016,40(2):99-104.ZHAO H,TANG Y W,KANG Z J,et al.Reservoir production optimization using an upgraded perturbation gradient approximation algorithm.Journal of China University of Petroleum,2016,40(2):99-104.
[15]万琦.基于最优控制与SPSA算法的水驱油藏优化方法研究.成都:西南石油大学,2015.WAN Q.Study on optimization method of water drive reservoir based on optimal control and SPSA algorithm.Chengdu:Southwest Petroleum University,2015.
[16]张凯,路然然,周文胜,等.无梯度多参数自动历史拟合方法.中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2014,38(5):109-115.ZHANG K,LU R R,ZHOU W S,et al.Multi-parameter gradientfree automatic history matching method.Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2014,38(5):109-115.
[17]李振泉,侯健,曹绪龙,等.ASP复合驱注采参数优化设计.石油大学学报(自然科学版),2001,25(2):50-53.LI Z Q,HOU J,CAO X L,et al.Optimizing design of injection production parameters of ASP flooding.Journal of University of Petroleum,China(Edition of Natural Science),2001,25(2):50-53.
[18]王相.水驱油田井网及注采优化方法研究.青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2016.WANG X.Well placement and production optimization for waterflooding oil fields.Qingdao:China University of Petroleum,2016.
[19]周庆.基于灰色主成分的聚合物驱操作成本预测方法.岩性油气藏,2012,24(5):116-119.ZHOU Q.Prediction method of polymer flooding operation cost based on gray principal component analysis.Lithologic Reservoirs,2012,24(5):116-119.
[20]周丛丛.聚合物驱相对渗透率计算的微观模拟研究.岩性油气藏,2011,23(3):119-123.ZHOU C C.Microscopic simulation of relative permeability curves in polymer flooding.Lithologic Reservoirs,2011,23(3):119-123.
[21]张凯,李阳,姚军,等.油藏生产优化理论研究.石油学报,2010,31(1):78-83.ZHANG K,LI Y,YAO J,et al.Theoretical research on production optimization of oil reservoirs.Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(1):78-83.
[22]陈朝辉,尹彦君,王宏申,等.基于蒙特卡洛法的边水油藏聚合物驱段塞优化.特种油气藏,2015,22(4):112-114.CHEN Z H,YIN Y J,WANG H S,et al.Optimization of polymer flooding slug for edge-water reservoir based on the Monte Carlo method.Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2015,22(4):112-114.