洋河水库泄洪对近岸海域水质的影响
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摘要
基于验证良好的秦皇岛河流-海岸一二维耦合数学模型,探讨了洋河水库泄洪对近岸海域水质的影响。由于水库COD浓度略高于近岸海域COD标准浓度,但远低于河道水体COD浓度,水库开闸放水初期,河口海域COD日平均浓度和超标面积较泄洪前有所增大,此后随着水库的不断泄洪,海域COD日平均浓度和超标面积逐渐减小,最终趋于稳定,海域水质较泄洪前得到明显改善。在相同水库放水COD浓度下,泄量越大,携带水库下游河道的污染物入海越多,海域COD日平均浓度超标面积越大,且泄量与超标面积间服从线性函数关系。在污染物入海通量相同的情况下,减小污染物入海浓度在一定程度上可以改善近岸海域水质状况。
Based on the well calibrated 1D and 2D coupled numerical model for rivers and coastal waters of Qinhuangdao,the influences of the Yanghe reservoir flood discharges on water quality in coastal waters were discussed. Due to COD concentration in the reservoir is slightly higher than COD standard concentration of coastal water and considerably lower than COD concentration of the river,which leads to the daily average concentration of COD and over-standard area of COD concentration will increase in the estuaries at the beginning of reservoir water release. Then with the continuous release of reservoir water,the daily average concentration of COD and over-standard area will gradually decrease,and finally tend to be stable. Hence,the water quality of coastal water will be significantly improved. Under the same COD concentration in reservoir,the more discharge of reservoir water will carry more downstream pollution to the coast,the larger of over-standard area in coastal water,and the relationship of reservoir flood discharge and overstandard area can be well fitted by a linear function. In the case of the same pollutant flux into the coastal water,reducing pollutant concentration will improve water quality of coastal water.
Based on the well calibrated 1D and 2D coupled numerical model for rivers and coastal waters of Qinhuangdao,the influences of the Yanghe reservoir flood discharges on water quality in coastal waters were discussed. Due to COD concentration in the reservoir is slightly higher than COD standard concentration of coastal water and considerably lower than COD concentration of the river,which leads to the daily average concentration of COD and over-standard area of COD concentration will increase in the estuaries at the beginning of reservoir water release. Then with the continuous release of reservoir water,the daily average concentration of COD and over-standard area will gradually decrease,and finally tend to be stable. Hence,the water quality of coastal water will be significantly improved. Under the same COD concentration in reservoir,the more discharge of reservoir water will carry more downstream pollution to the coast,the larger of over-standard area in coastal water,and the relationship of reservoir flood discharge and overstandard area can be well fitted by a linear function. In the case of the same pollutant flux into the coastal water,reducing pollutant concentration will improve water quality of coastal water.
引文
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[3]张万磊,张永丰,张建乐,等.北戴河赤潮监控区环境质量状况分析[J].河北渔业,2012(7):13-16.
[4]张万磊,张永丰,张建乐,等.北戴河赤潮监控区营养盐变化及富营养化状况分析[J].海洋湖沼通报,2014(1):143-147.
[5]LIU S G,LOU S,KUANG C P,et al.Water quality assessment by pollution-index method in the coastal waters of Hebei Province in western Bohai Sea,China[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2011,62(10):2220-2229.
[6]匡翠萍,胡成飞,冒小丹,等.秦皇岛海域洪季水动力及污染物扩散数值模拟[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2015,43(9):1355-1360,1366.
[7]翟伟康,许自舟,张健.河北省近岸海域赤潮灾害特征分析[J].海洋环境科学,2016,35(2):243-246,251.
[8]ZHANG Q C,QIU L M,YU R C,et al.Emergence of brown tides caused by Aureococcus anophagefferens Hargraves et Sieburth in China[J].Harmful Algae,2012,19:117-124.
[9]徐海剑.秦皇岛市水利工程建设现状及存在问题研究[J].水利科技与经济,2012,18(5):47-48.
[10]张丽媛,王圣瑞,储昭升,等.洋河水库流域土壤与库区沉积物中磷形态特征研究[J].中国环境科学,2010,30(11):1529-1536.
[11]邵东国,宋星源,夏军,等.洋河水库防洪实时优化调度模型研究[J].水科学进展,1999,10(2):135-139.
[12]季民,孙志伟,王泽良,等.纳污海水中COD生化降解过程的模拟试验研究[J].海洋与湖沼,1999,30(6):731-736.
[13]ODDO P,PINARDI N.Lateral open boundary conditions for nested limited area models:A scale selective approach[J].Ocean Modelling,2008,20(2):134-156.
[14]余兴光,陈彬,王金坑,等.海湾环境容量与生态环境保护研究——以罗源湾为例[M].北京:海洋出版社,2010.
[15]黄秀清.乐清湾海洋环境容量及污染物总量控制研究[M].北京:海洋出版社,2011.
[16]ALLEN J I,SOMERFIELD P J,GILBERT F J.Quantifying uncertainty in high-resolution coupled hydrodynamic-ecosystem models[J].Journal of Marine Systems,2007,64(1/2/3/4):3-14.
[17]CHUCO T D.Dynamic integrated modelling of basic water quality and fate and effect of organic contaminants in rivers[D].Belgium:Ghent University,2004.
[18]张芸,王秀兰,罗阳.洋河水库富营养化原因分析及防治方法探讨[J].海河水利,2009(5):26-28.
[19]惠天翔,谢平,过龙根,等.洋河水库浮游植物组成及优势种演替规律研究[J].水生生物学报,2015,39(3):524-532.
[20]王丽平,郑丙辉.洋河水库富营养化发展趋势及其关键影响因素[J].生态学报,2013,33(3):1011-1017.