基于MIKE 21模型的洋河水库水质模拟
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摘要
近年来,由洋河水库富营养化引起的供水安全问题日益突出。为应对洋河水库富营养化问题,基于迁移扩散及对流扩散理论,利用MIKE 21二维水动力模型对其水质进行了模拟。考虑污染物随水流入库及出库过程,分析了在水动力作用下TN、TP、NH_3-N随时间迁移扩散的质量浓度变化及分布情况。结果表明:模拟初期污染物以扩散为主,高浓度区域主要集中在入流处,在入流高峰期污染物向整个库区扩散,垂直水库中心线以西出现高质量浓度水域;入流与出流稳定期污染物以降解为主,水库中心水域污染物质量浓度较高。最终模拟得到库区TN质量浓度约为4.5 mg/L,TP质量浓度为0.06~0.075 mg/L,NH_3-N质量浓度为0.20~0.25 mg/L;9月水库实测TN、TP、NH_3-N质量浓度分别为5.0 mg/L、0.008 mg/L、0.20 mg/L,与模拟结果基本一致。研究表明,8月中旬到9月中旬,洋河水库污染物浓度较高水域极易暴发富营养化,此结论可为洋河水库水质评价、供水安全及污染物治理提供参考。
In order to ensure the water quality of those reservoirs which provide drinking water for the local residents,the present paper has analyzed the actual time-taking and reasons of eutrophication based on the theory of relocation-diffusion and the convection-diffusion. It is just starting from the above needs that this paper has chosen Yanghe Reservoir of Hebei as the case study sample. And,as a matter of fact,we have adopted a 2-D hydrodynamic model of MIKE 21 to simulate the water quality of the aforementioned water area. When taking into account the inflow and outflow process of the pollutants,this paper has gained the concentration variation and distribution of TN,TP and NH3-N under the hydrodynamic conditions. In the initial phase of simulation,the results prove that the pollutants tend mainly to disperse to the surrounding areas of the reservoir,with the high content pollutants concentrated in the inflow area. What is more,at the peak of the inflow moment,the pollutants tend to spread over the whole reservoir,of which the pollutants tend to be more thickly concentrated in the western part to the center line than in other areas. Since the inflow and the outflow are staying stable,the reservoir depends on the self-purification to decompose the pollutants,with the high content concentration rates scattering in the central area of the reservoir. And,finally,the model we have proposed shows that the TN concentration rate turns to be about4. 5 mg/L,whereas the TP concentration turns to be about 0. 06-0. 075 mg/L while the NH3-N concentration— about 0. 20-0. 25 mg/L in the said area. In Sept.,2012,the measured registration shows that the concentration rates of TN,TP and NH3-N turn out to be respectively 5. 0 mg/L, 0. 008 mg/L and 0. 20 mg/L. Therefore,the simulation results prove basically the same as the data observed. In other words,the model that has been established in this paper proves to be reliable. Between the mid-August and mid-September,the eutrophication would be easier to come about with high concentration pollutants in the Reservoir.Thus,the conclusion we have gained can be expected to provide reliable evidence for water quality assessment,and so can the safety water supply and pollutant treatment in the reservoir.
In order to ensure the water quality of those reservoirs which provide drinking water for the local residents,the present paper has analyzed the actual time-taking and reasons of eutrophication based on the theory of relocation-diffusion and the convection-diffusion. It is just starting from the above needs that this paper has chosen Yanghe Reservoir of Hebei as the case study sample. And,as a matter of fact,we have adopted a 2-D hydrodynamic model of MIKE 21 to simulate the water quality of the aforementioned water area. When taking into account the inflow and outflow process of the pollutants,this paper has gained the concentration variation and distribution of TN,TP and NH3-N under the hydrodynamic conditions. In the initial phase of simulation,the results prove that the pollutants tend mainly to disperse to the surrounding areas of the reservoir,with the high content pollutants concentrated in the inflow area. What is more,at the peak of the inflow moment,the pollutants tend to spread over the whole reservoir,of which the pollutants tend to be more thickly concentrated in the western part to the center line than in other areas. Since the inflow and the outflow are staying stable,the reservoir depends on the self-purification to decompose the pollutants,with the high content concentration rates scattering in the central area of the reservoir. And,finally,the model we have proposed shows that the TN concentration rate turns to be about4. 5 mg/L,whereas the TP concentration turns to be about 0. 06-0. 075 mg/L while the NH3-N concentration— about 0. 20-0. 25 mg/L in the said area. In Sept.,2012,the measured registration shows that the concentration rates of TN,TP and NH3-N turn out to be respectively 5. 0 mg/L, 0. 008 mg/L and 0. 20 mg/L. Therefore,the simulation results prove basically the same as the data observed. In other words,the model that has been established in this paper proves to be reliable. Between the mid-August and mid-September,the eutrophication would be easier to come about with high concentration pollutants in the Reservoir.Thus,the conclusion we have gained can be expected to provide reliable evidence for water quality assessment,and so can the safety water supply and pollutant treatment in the reservoir.
引文
[1]JING Shuquan(金树权).Modeling and prediction of water quality in headwater area of reservoir and uncertainty analysis(水库水源地水质模拟预测与不确定性分析)[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2008.
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[11]ZHANG Liyuan(张丽媛),WANG Shengrui(王圣瑞),CHU Zhaosheng(储昭升),et al.Distribution characteristics of phosphorus in sediment of Yanghe Reservoir and in soil of its basin[J].China Environmental Science(中国环境科学),2010,30(11):1529-1536.
[12]CAI Jinbang(蔡金傍),LI Wenqi(李文奇),LIU Na(刘娜),et al.Characteristics of contaminated sediments in Yanghe Reservoir[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science(农业环境科学学报),2007,26(3):886-893.
[13]YANG Xicun(杨希存),WANG Sufeng(王素凤),E Xueli(鄂学礼),et al.Correlation between microcystin and water pollution indexes of Yanghe Reservoir,Qinhuangdao[J].Journal of Environment and Health(环境与健康杂志),2009,26(2):137-138.
[14]HUI Tianxiang(惠天翔),XIE Ping(谢平),GUO Longgen(过龙根),et al.Study on phytoplankton community and the succession of dominant species in the Yanghe Reservoir[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica(水生生物学报),2015,39(3):524-532.
[15]YU Changzhao(余常昭).Pollutant propagation principle and water quality model in water environment(水环境中污染物扩散输移原理与水质模型)[M].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,1989.
[16]QIU Qingxiang(裘庆芗),SHI Zhen(施诊).Calculation method of degradation coefficient K1[J].Water Resources Protection(水资源保护),1987(1):28-31.
[2]SIMONS T J.Development of numerical models of Lake Ontario[J].Journal of Great Lakes Research,1971,14:654-669.
[3]WU Jian(吴坚).Application of numerical simulation technique to limnology[J].Journal of Lake Sciences(湖泊科学),1986,3(1):74-81.
[4]GONG Chunsheng(龚春生),YAO Qi(姚琪),ZHAO Dihua(赵棣华).Plane 2D flow-water quality-sediment pollution couple model in shallow lake[J].Advances in Water Science(水科学进展),2006,17(4):496-501.
[5]LAI Xijun(赖锡军),JIANG Jiahu(姜加虎),HUANG Qun(黄群),et al.Two-dimensional numerical simulation of hydrodynamic and pollutant transport for Lake Poyang[J].Journal of Lake Sciences(湖泊科学),2011,26(6):893-902.
[6]YUAN Yan(袁燕),HAN Longxi(韩龙喜),SUN Yang(孙杨),et al.Simulated research of reservoir water quality response under typical rainfall[J].Journal of Safety and Environment(安全与环境学报),2014,14(3):189-193.
[7]ZHENG Tingting(郑婷婷),XU Mingde(徐明德),JING Shengyuan(景胜元),et al.Simulation of hydrodynamics and water quality for Fenhe reservoir[J].Hydro-Science and Engineering(水利水运工程学报),2016(3):105-113.
[8]ZHENG Xiaoyan(郑晓燕),ZHANG Wanshun(张万顺),XU Gaohong(徐高洪),et al.Study on impact of storm on hydrodynamic and water quality of Liangzi Lake[J].Yangtze River(人民长江),2016,47(9):17-21.
[9]CUI Lituo(崔力拓),LI Zhiwei(李志伟).Study on phosphorus as a critical limiting factor in algae bloom occurrence in Yanghe Reservoir[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science(农业环境科学学报),2005,24(S1):141-143.
[10]WANG Liping(王丽平),ZHENG Binghui(郑丙辉).Eutrophication development and its key affected factors in the Yanghe Reservoir[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2013,33(3):1011-1017.
[11]ZHANG Liyuan(张丽媛),WANG Shengrui(王圣瑞),CHU Zhaosheng(储昭升),et al.Distribution characteristics of phosphorus in sediment of Yanghe Reservoir and in soil of its basin[J].China Environmental Science(中国环境科学),2010,30(11):1529-1536.
[12]CAI Jinbang(蔡金傍),LI Wenqi(李文奇),LIU Na(刘娜),et al.Characteristics of contaminated sediments in Yanghe Reservoir[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science(农业环境科学学报),2007,26(3):886-893.
[13]YANG Xicun(杨希存),WANG Sufeng(王素凤),E Xueli(鄂学礼),et al.Correlation between microcystin and water pollution indexes of Yanghe Reservoir,Qinhuangdao[J].Journal of Environment and Health(环境与健康杂志),2009,26(2):137-138.
[14]HUI Tianxiang(惠天翔),XIE Ping(谢平),GUO Longgen(过龙根),et al.Study on phytoplankton community and the succession of dominant species in the Yanghe Reservoir[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica(水生生物学报),2015,39(3):524-532.
[15]YU Changzhao(余常昭).Pollutant propagation principle and water quality model in water environment(水环境中污染物扩散输移原理与水质模型)[M].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,1989.
[16]QIU Qingxiang(裘庆芗),SHI Zhen(施诊).Calculation method of degradation coefficient K1[J].Water Resources Protection(水资源保护),1987(1):28-31.