基于氮元素的水库生态系统服务需求评估
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摘要
运用对生态系统有着巨大影响的核心元素——氮元素作为载体,探索并定量化评估由于氮元素过量而对水库生态系统服务造成的损失,并将这种损失的消除界定为人类社会对水库生态系统服务的需求,利用价值核算方法得出水库生态系统服务需求的价值,且损失价值越大,需求越高.从2000和2015年的结果对比分析得出,不论是从总量还是面积量上看,大泉沟水库生态系统服务需求的价值都比蘑菇湖水库的小;而从年际间变化中得出:重点治理的大泉沟水库生态系统服务需求的价值降低,而污染仍严重的蘑菇湖水库需求的价值增加,并且需求价值增幅大于降幅,治理污染仍存在很多难度.因此加强治理,控制污染刻不容缓.
Relationship between ecosystem service supply and demand is a hot issue for research.Research on ecosystem service demand is relatively weak,and most of the ecosystem service evaluation methods are macroscopic,lacking process exploration.In the present work nitrogen,a core element with huge impact on the ecosystem was used as a carrier to explore and quantitatively assess damage to reservoir ecosystem services.Elimination of this damage was defined as demand of human society for reservoir ecosystem service,value accounting method was used to derive the value of the reservoir ecosystem service demand.Analysis of data from 2000 and 2015 showed that value of demand for ecosystem services in Daquangou Reservoir(mainly treated)was reduced,while value of demand for Moguhu reservoir(still seriously polluted)increased,the increase in demand value was greater than the decline.
Relationship between ecosystem service supply and demand is a hot issue for research.Research on ecosystem service demand is relatively weak,and most of the ecosystem service evaluation methods are macroscopic,lacking process exploration.In the present work nitrogen,a core element with huge impact on the ecosystem was used as a carrier to explore and quantitatively assess damage to reservoir ecosystem services.Elimination of this damage was defined as demand of human society for reservoir ecosystem service,value accounting method was used to derive the value of the reservoir ecosystem service demand.Analysis of data from 2000 and 2015 showed that value of demand for ecosystem services in Daquangou Reservoir(mainly treated)was reduced,while value of demand for Moguhu reservoir(still seriously polluted)increased,the increase in demand value was greater than the decline.
引文
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[33]张亦冰,高宗昌.大泉沟水库水污染防治措施分析[J].水资源开发与管理,2018(3):42
[34]付树卿.蘑菇湖水库富营养化评价与对策研究[J].水利科技与经济,2010,16(9):989
[2]王如松,欧阳志云.社会经济自然复合生态系统与可持续发展[J].中国科学院院刊,2012,27(3):337
[3]谢高地,曹淑艳,鲁春霞,等.中国的生态服务消费与生态债务研究[J].自然资源学报,2010,25(1):43
[4]BURKHARD B,KROLL F,NEDKOV S,et al.Mapping ecosystem service supply,demand and budgets[J].Ecological Indicators,2012,21:17
[5]VILLAMAGNA A M,ANGERMEIER P L,BENNETTE M.Capacity,pressure,demand,and flow:a conceptual framework for analyzing ecosystem service provision and delivery[J].Ecological Complexity,2013,15(5):114
[6]SCHROTER M,BARTON D N,REMME R P,et al.Accounting for capacity and flow of ecosystem services:a conceptual model and a case study for Telemark,Norway[J].Ecological Indicators,2014,36:539
[7]GEIJZENDORFFER I R,MARTIN-LOPEZ B,ROCHEP K.Improving the identification of mismatches in ecosystem services assessments[J].Ecological Indicators,2015,52:320
[8]WOLFF S,SCHULP C J E,VERBURG P H.Mapping ecosystem services demand:a review of current research and future perspectives[J].Ecological Indicators,2015,55:159
[9]江波,蔡金洲,杨梦斐,等.基于供需耦合机制的流域水生态系统管理[J].生态学杂志,2018,37(10):3155
[10]严岩,朱捷缘,吴钢,等.生态系统服务需求、供给和消费研究进展[J].生态学报,2017,37(8):2489
[11]COSTANZA R,D’ARGE R,DE GROOT R,et al.The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital[J].Nature,1997,387(6630):253
[12]BUCKLEY R.The economics of ecosystems and biodiversity:ecological and economic foundations[J].Austral Ecology,2011,36(6):e34
[13]Millennium Ecosystem Assessment.Ecosystems and human well-being:a framework for assessment[M].Washington,DC:Island Press,2003:49-70
[14]谢高地,张彩霞,张昌顺,等.中国生态系统服务的价值[J].资源科学,2015,37(9):1740
[15]XU Z H,WEI H J,FAN W G,et al.Energy modeling simulation of changes in ecosystem services before and after the implementation of a Grain-for-Green program on the Loess Plateau:a case study of the Zhifanggou Valley in Ansai County,Shaanxi Province,China[J].Ecosystem Service,2018,31(A):32
[16]WEI H J,LIU H M,XU Z H,et al.Linking ecosystem services supply,social demand and human well-being in a typical mountain-oasis-desert area,Xinjiang,China[J].Ecosystem Services,2018,31(A):44
[17]段晓男,王效科,逯非,等.中国湿地生态系统固碳现状和潜力[J].生态学报,2008,28(2):463
[18]GALLOWAY J N,ABER J D,ERISMAN J W,et al.The nitrogen cascade[J].BioScience,2003,53(4):341
[19]方华,莫江明.活性氮增加:一个威胁环境的问题[J].生态环境,2006,15(1):164
[20]卢蒙.氮输入对生态系统碳、氮循环的影响:整合分析[D].上海:复旦大学,2009
[21]陈能汪,洪华生,张珞平.九龙江流域氮的源汇时空模式与机理初探[J].环境科学学报,2009,29(4):830
[22]BIRCH M B L,GRAMIG B M,MOOMAW W R,et al.Why metrics matter:evaluating policy choices for reactive nitrogen in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2011,45:168
[23]COMPTON J E,HARRISON J A,DENNIS R L,et al.Ecosystem services altered by human changes in the nitrogen cycle:a new perspective for US decision making[J].Ecology Letters,2011,14(8):804
[24]谷保静.人类-自然耦合系统氮循环研究:中国案例[D].杭州:浙江大学,2011
[25]冼超凡,王莉雁,逯非,等.基于“氮补偿”机制及数据包络分析的活性氮减排评价:以京津冀区域为例[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(8):2545
[26]刘金巍,靳甜甜,刘国华,等.新疆玛纳斯河流域2000-2010年土地利用/覆盖变化及影响因素[J].生态学报,2014,34(12):3211
[27]SOBOTA D J,COMPTON J E,MCCRACKIN M L,et al.Cost of reactive nitrogen release from human activities to the environment in the United States[J].Environmental Research Letters,2015,10(2):025006
[28]VAN GRINSVEN H J M,HOLLAND M,JACOBSENB H,et al.Costs and benefits of nitrogen for Europe and implications for mitigation[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2013,47(8):3571
[29]GU B J,GE J,REN Y,et al.Atmospheric reactive nitrogen in China,sources,recent trends,and damage costs[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2012,46:9420
[30]地表水环境质量标准:GB 3838-2002[S].北京:国家环境保护总局,2002
[31]刘力辉,常浩娟.石河子大泉沟水库污染现状及治理措施[J].农业科技与信息,2017(5):41
[32]刘力辉,常浩娟.石河子蘑菇湖水库污染现状及治理[J].吉林水利,2016(11):39
[33]张亦冰,高宗昌.大泉沟水库水污染防治措施分析[J].水资源开发与管理,2018(3):42
[34]付树卿.蘑菇湖水库富营养化评价与对策研究[J].水利科技与经济,2010,16(9):989