海上探井测试交互式试井技术
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摘要
存储式试井在测试过程中无法掌控压力计入井后的工作状态和判断存储的数据是否满足地质解释的需要,只有在测试管柱起出后回放数据才能确认,影响测试成本、测试进度和测试时效。交互式井下无线传输试井系统将井下信号发射装置直接与测试阀相连,随测试管柱下入井内,通过电缆将带有接收器的直读工具串下入井内固定位置,阀下压力计录取数据后通过发射器以无线方式发出,接收器接收后通过电缆传送到地面,实现井下关井状态下压力计数据的地面直读。2013年以来,应用交互式试井技术完成海上探井测试31层,实现了井下关井条件下的实时压力监测,提高了资料录取和储层解释评价的时效性,累计节约作业费用4 689. 8万元。该技术对海上探井测试工作制度的决策和测试作业成本的降低具有重要意义。
During the process of storage type well testing,the working state of the pressure gauge in borehole cannot be recognized,and the applicability of data stored to geological interpretation cannot be diagnosed,but these aspects can only be confirmed by data playback when the testing string is tripped out. This process affects the test cost,progress and efficiency. The interactive downhole wireless transmission well test system connects the downhole signal transmitter directly with the testing valve and it is run in hole with the testing string. The direct-reading tool string with the receiver is landed via cable to the fixed position in hole. The data acquired by the pressure gauge below the valve is sent wirelessly through the transmitter to the receiver which then transits the data to the surface through the cable. In this way,the data recorded by the pressure gauge downhole under the condition of shut-in can be read on surface.Since 2013,the interactive well test system has been applied in 31 layers of offshore exploration wells. While real-time pressure monitoring under the condition of shut-in,the system has facilitated the timeliness of data acquisition and reservoir interpretation and evaluation,and helped reduce the operating expenses up to RMB 46. 898 million cumulatively. This technology is of great significance to deciding the test system for offshore exploration wells and reducing the test cost.
During the process of storage type well testing,the working state of the pressure gauge in borehole cannot be recognized,and the applicability of data stored to geological interpretation cannot be diagnosed,but these aspects can only be confirmed by data playback when the testing string is tripped out. This process affects the test cost,progress and efficiency. The interactive downhole wireless transmission well test system connects the downhole signal transmitter directly with the testing valve and it is run in hole with the testing string. The direct-reading tool string with the receiver is landed via cable to the fixed position in hole. The data acquired by the pressure gauge below the valve is sent wirelessly through the transmitter to the receiver which then transits the data to the surface through the cable. In this way,the data recorded by the pressure gauge downhole under the condition of shut-in can be read on surface.Since 2013,the interactive well test system has been applied in 31 layers of offshore exploration wells. While real-time pressure monitoring under the condition of shut-in,the system has facilitated the timeliness of data acquisition and reservoir interpretation and evaluation,and helped reduce the operating expenses up to RMB 46. 898 million cumulatively. This technology is of great significance to deciding the test system for offshore exploration wells and reducing the test cost.
引文
[1]刘飞,贺秋云,肖军,等.井下测试数据地面直读技术发展现状[J].钻采工艺,2013,36(4):48-51.LIU Fei,HE Qiuyun,XIAO Jun,et al.Development situation of surface read-out technology of down-hole test date[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2013,36(4):48-51.
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[3]唐雪清.使用存储式电子压力计的点滴经验[J].油气井测试,1996,5(2):54-55.TANG Xueqing.A drop of experience using a stored electronic pressure gauge[J].Well Testing,1996,5(2):54-55.
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[8]孙达.油气井压力恢复试井解释关键技术[J].油气井测试,2018,27(6):73-77.SUN Da.Key technologies for oil and gas well pressure buildup test interpretation[J].Well Testing,2018,27(6):73-77.
[9]汪宏伟,何鹏举.影响试井资料的因素及提高试井解释质量的建议[J].油气井测试,2009,18(4):72-74.WANG Hongwei,HE Pengju.Factors affecting well test data and proposal on improving the quality of well test interpretation[J].Well Testing,2009,18(4):72-74.
[10]曹运兴,石玢,刘同吉,等.煤层气套管井大时长注入/压降试井技术及应用[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(10):168-173.CAO Yunxing,SHI Bin,LIU Tongji,et al.Technology and application of extending time injection falloff test in CBMcasing wells[J].Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(10):168-173.
[11]苏秀珠,窦益华,许爱荣,等.高温高压深井直读试井电缆断裂原因探讨[J].石油机械,2008,36(9):185-187.SU Xiuzhu,DOU Yihua,XU Airong,et al.Discussion on reason of breakage of wireline in real time test for HTHPdeep well[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2008,36(9):185-187.
[12]殷世江,鞠漓,穆立婷.高压高产井电子压力计直读试井应注意的几个问题[J].油气井测试,2003,12(1):37-38.YIN Shijiang,JU Li,MU Liting.Some problems should be paid attention to the real time test by electric gauge in the high pressure and high yield wells[J].Well Testing,2003,12(1):37-38.
[13]何银达,马红英,秦世勇,等.电缆地面直读试井工艺在迪那202井的应用浅析[J].钻采工艺,2006,29(3):94-96.HE Yinda,MA Hongying,QIN Shiyong,et al.Application of cable SRO test technology in gas Well Dina 202[J].Drilling and Production Technology,2006,29(3):94-96.
[14]吴秋来,高硕,王军,等.试井数据传输技术发展现状研究[J].油气井测试,2015,24(3):72-74.WU Qiulai,GAO Shuo,WANG Jun,et al.Research on development status of well test data transmission technology[J].Well Testing,2015,24(3):72-74.
[15]姜洪丰,陈鸣,张涛,等.Data Latch地面直读技术在南海西部测试作业中的应用[J].油气井测试,2017,26(5):56-59.JIANG Hongfeng,CHEN Ming,ZHANG Tao,et al,Application of Data Latch surface direct reading technology in well test operation of the South China Sea in the West[J].Well Testing,2017,26(5):56-59.
[16]许迪.JJ-1试井系统在渤海油田的应用[J].中国石油和化工标准与质量,2012(1):132,19.XU Di.Application of JJ-1 well test system in Bohai Oilfield[J].China Petroleum and Chemical Standard and Quality,2012(1):132,19.
[17]杨子,冯卫华,赵启彬,等.交互式试井系统在油气井测试工艺中的探讨研究[J].内蒙古石油化工,2014,40(4):114-117.YANG Zi,FENG Weihua,ZHAO Qibin,et al.The discussion and research of interactive system in well testing technology[J].Inner Mongolia Petrochemical Industry,2014,40(4):114-117.
[18]赵启彬,杨子,冯卫华,等.交互式试井系统在油气井测试工艺中的探讨研究[J].辽宁化工,2014,43(5):581-584.ZHAO Qibin,YANG Zi,FENG Weihua,et al.Discussion and research on interactive system in well testing process[J].Liaoning Chemical Industry,2014,43(5):581-584.
[19]田立强,李纪智,王亮,等.浅谈电缆地面直读工具在螺杆泵试油测试中的应用[J].中国石油和化工标准与质量,2013(15):110.TIAN Liqiang,LI Jizhi,WANG Liang,et al.Application of cable ground direct reading tool in screw pump oil test[J].China Petroleum and Chemical Standard and Quality,2013(15):110.
[20]张宏友,王月杰,马奎前,等.应用永久式井下压力计压降曲线计算油藏动态储量[J].油气井测试,2010,19(3):31-32.ZHANG Hongyou,WANG Yuejie,MA Kuiqian,et al.Calculating dynamic reserves of reservoirs with pressure drawdown curve measured by permanent downhole pressure gauge[J].Well Testing,2010,19(3):31-32.
[21]张麦云,张智慧,吴虎源,等.直读式电子压力计在煤层气测试中的应用[J].油气井测试,2000,9(4):33-35.ZHANG Maiyun,ZHANG Zhihui,WU Huyuan,et al.Application of direct reading electronic gauge in coal seam test[J].Well Testing,2000,9(4):33-35.
[22]罗水发.试井测试资料在油田开发生产中的应用[J].油气井测试,1994,3(2):66-69.LUO Shuifa.Application of well test data in oilfield development and production[J].Well Testing,1994,3(2):66-69.
[23]AMINE E,PALMA G,STEPHANE V,等.试井技术新进展[J].国外测井技术,2015(6):61-68.AMINE E,PALMA G,STEPHANE V,et al.New development of well test technology[J].World Well Logging Technology,2015(6):61-68.
[24]李松雨.低渗透气藏不稳定试井评价方法[J].中国石油和化工标准与质量,2014(5):138.LI Songyu.An unstable well test evaluation method for low permeability gas reservoir[J].China Petroleum and Chemical Standard and Quality,2014(5):138.
[25]马奎前,张宏友,王月杰,等.压力测试技术在海上深层湖相碳酸盐岩油藏中的应用[J].油气井测试,2013,22(5):33-34,37.MA Kuiqian,ZHANG Hongyou,WANG Yuejie,et al.Application of pressure testing technology in offshore deep lacustrine carbonate reservoir[J].Well Testing,2013,22(5):33-34,37.
[26]吴秋来,高硕,刘勇,等.类“DTMF”井下远距离有缆数据传输方法研究[J].通信技术,2015,48(9):1023-1026.WU Qiulai,GAO Shuo,LIU Yong,et al.The research of a long-distance data transmission method similar to“DTMF”[J].Communications Technology,2015,48(9):1023-1026.
[27]许国石,赵新红,王莉.SG-1型试井工具介绍[J].油气井测试,1996,5(2):62-66.XU Guoshi,ZHAO Xinhong,WANG Li.SG-1 well test tool[J].Well Testing,1996,5(2):62-66.
[28]李成,丁天怀.油气井测试的井下远程遥测方式分析[J].油气井测试,2005,14(6):34-37.LI Cheng,DING Tianhuai.Analysis of down-hole remote telemetry methods in oil well testing[J].Well Testing,2005,14(6):34-37.
[2]刘梦园,周元劲.井下电子压力计的发展及主要性能指标分析[J].油气井测试,2001,10(5):51-52,55.LIU Mengyuan,ZHOU Yuanjin.Development of underground electronic pressure gauge and analysis of main performance indexes[J].Well Testing,2001,10(5):51-52,55.
[3]唐雪清.使用存储式电子压力计的点滴经验[J].油气井测试,1996,5(2):54-55.TANG Xueqing.A drop of experience using a stored electronic pressure gauge[J].Well Testing,1996,5(2):54-55.
[4]张洋.浅论试油测试技术的应用和发展趋势[J].中国石油和化工标准与质量,2013,33(13):84.ZHANG Yang.Application and development trend of oil test technology[J].China Petroleum and Chemical Standard and Quality,2013,33(13):84.
[5]谢丛姣,张太斌.试油测试新技术及其发展趋势[J].油气井测试,2002,11(4):37-39.XIE Congjiao,ZHANG Taibin.The new technology and its developing trend of the oil production test[J].Well Testing,2002,11(4):37-39.
[6]郝静.现代试井技术的实际应用[J].中国石油石化,2016(S1):103.HAO Jing.Practical application of modern well test technology[J].China Petrochem,2016(S1):103.
[7]高庆春.影响试井资料解释因素及提高资料解释质量的建议[J].中国石油和化工标准与质量,2018,38(19):29-30.GAO Qingchun.Factors influencing interpretation of well test and suggestions for improving interpretation level[J].China Petroleum and Chemical Standard and Quality,2018,38(19):29-30.
[8]孙达.油气井压力恢复试井解释关键技术[J].油气井测试,2018,27(6):73-77.SUN Da.Key technologies for oil and gas well pressure buildup test interpretation[J].Well Testing,2018,27(6):73-77.
[9]汪宏伟,何鹏举.影响试井资料的因素及提高试井解释质量的建议[J].油气井测试,2009,18(4):72-74.WANG Hongwei,HE Pengju.Factors affecting well test data and proposal on improving the quality of well test interpretation[J].Well Testing,2009,18(4):72-74.
[10]曹运兴,石玢,刘同吉,等.煤层气套管井大时长注入/压降试井技术及应用[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(10):168-173.CAO Yunxing,SHI Bin,LIU Tongji,et al.Technology and application of extending time injection falloff test in CBMcasing wells[J].Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(10):168-173.
[11]苏秀珠,窦益华,许爱荣,等.高温高压深井直读试井电缆断裂原因探讨[J].石油机械,2008,36(9):185-187.SU Xiuzhu,DOU Yihua,XU Airong,et al.Discussion on reason of breakage of wireline in real time test for HTHPdeep well[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2008,36(9):185-187.
[12]殷世江,鞠漓,穆立婷.高压高产井电子压力计直读试井应注意的几个问题[J].油气井测试,2003,12(1):37-38.YIN Shijiang,JU Li,MU Liting.Some problems should be paid attention to the real time test by electric gauge in the high pressure and high yield wells[J].Well Testing,2003,12(1):37-38.
[13]何银达,马红英,秦世勇,等.电缆地面直读试井工艺在迪那202井的应用浅析[J].钻采工艺,2006,29(3):94-96.HE Yinda,MA Hongying,QIN Shiyong,et al.Application of cable SRO test technology in gas Well Dina 202[J].Drilling and Production Technology,2006,29(3):94-96.
[14]吴秋来,高硕,王军,等.试井数据传输技术发展现状研究[J].油气井测试,2015,24(3):72-74.WU Qiulai,GAO Shuo,WANG Jun,et al.Research on development status of well test data transmission technology[J].Well Testing,2015,24(3):72-74.
[15]姜洪丰,陈鸣,张涛,等.Data Latch地面直读技术在南海西部测试作业中的应用[J].油气井测试,2017,26(5):56-59.JIANG Hongfeng,CHEN Ming,ZHANG Tao,et al,Application of Data Latch surface direct reading technology in well test operation of the South China Sea in the West[J].Well Testing,2017,26(5):56-59.
[16]许迪.JJ-1试井系统在渤海油田的应用[J].中国石油和化工标准与质量,2012(1):132,19.XU Di.Application of JJ-1 well test system in Bohai Oilfield[J].China Petroleum and Chemical Standard and Quality,2012(1):132,19.
[17]杨子,冯卫华,赵启彬,等.交互式试井系统在油气井测试工艺中的探讨研究[J].内蒙古石油化工,2014,40(4):114-117.YANG Zi,FENG Weihua,ZHAO Qibin,et al.The discussion and research of interactive system in well testing technology[J].Inner Mongolia Petrochemical Industry,2014,40(4):114-117.
[18]赵启彬,杨子,冯卫华,等.交互式试井系统在油气井测试工艺中的探讨研究[J].辽宁化工,2014,43(5):581-584.ZHAO Qibin,YANG Zi,FENG Weihua,et al.Discussion and research on interactive system in well testing process[J].Liaoning Chemical Industry,2014,43(5):581-584.
[19]田立强,李纪智,王亮,等.浅谈电缆地面直读工具在螺杆泵试油测试中的应用[J].中国石油和化工标准与质量,2013(15):110.TIAN Liqiang,LI Jizhi,WANG Liang,et al.Application of cable ground direct reading tool in screw pump oil test[J].China Petroleum and Chemical Standard and Quality,2013(15):110.
[20]张宏友,王月杰,马奎前,等.应用永久式井下压力计压降曲线计算油藏动态储量[J].油气井测试,2010,19(3):31-32.ZHANG Hongyou,WANG Yuejie,MA Kuiqian,et al.Calculating dynamic reserves of reservoirs with pressure drawdown curve measured by permanent downhole pressure gauge[J].Well Testing,2010,19(3):31-32.
[21]张麦云,张智慧,吴虎源,等.直读式电子压力计在煤层气测试中的应用[J].油气井测试,2000,9(4):33-35.ZHANG Maiyun,ZHANG Zhihui,WU Huyuan,et al.Application of direct reading electronic gauge in coal seam test[J].Well Testing,2000,9(4):33-35.
[22]罗水发.试井测试资料在油田开发生产中的应用[J].油气井测试,1994,3(2):66-69.LUO Shuifa.Application of well test data in oilfield development and production[J].Well Testing,1994,3(2):66-69.
[23]AMINE E,PALMA G,STEPHANE V,等.试井技术新进展[J].国外测井技术,2015(6):61-68.AMINE E,PALMA G,STEPHANE V,et al.New development of well test technology[J].World Well Logging Technology,2015(6):61-68.
[24]李松雨.低渗透气藏不稳定试井评价方法[J].中国石油和化工标准与质量,2014(5):138.LI Songyu.An unstable well test evaluation method for low permeability gas reservoir[J].China Petroleum and Chemical Standard and Quality,2014(5):138.
[25]马奎前,张宏友,王月杰,等.压力测试技术在海上深层湖相碳酸盐岩油藏中的应用[J].油气井测试,2013,22(5):33-34,37.MA Kuiqian,ZHANG Hongyou,WANG Yuejie,et al.Application of pressure testing technology in offshore deep lacustrine carbonate reservoir[J].Well Testing,2013,22(5):33-34,37.
[26]吴秋来,高硕,刘勇,等.类“DTMF”井下远距离有缆数据传输方法研究[J].通信技术,2015,48(9):1023-1026.WU Qiulai,GAO Shuo,LIU Yong,et al.The research of a long-distance data transmission method similar to“DTMF”[J].Communications Technology,2015,48(9):1023-1026.
[27]许国石,赵新红,王莉.SG-1型试井工具介绍[J].油气井测试,1996,5(2):62-66.XU Guoshi,ZHAO Xinhong,WANG Li.SG-1 well test tool[J].Well Testing,1996,5(2):62-66.
[28]李成,丁天怀.油气井测试的井下远程遥测方式分析[J].油气井测试,2005,14(6):34-37.LI Cheng,DING Tianhuai.Analysis of down-hole remote telemetry methods in oil well testing[J].Well Testing,2005,14(6):34-37.