湖北恩施地区蕨类植物区系研究
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摘要
蕨类植物是森林植被中草本层的重要组成部分,对森林的生长发育有重大影响。本研究在搜集文献、野外调查和采集标本的基础上,对湖北恩施地区蕨类植物区系成分及特点进行研究。结果显示:(1)恩施地区蕨类植物共有39科96属380种,其中中国特有种106种;该地区蕨类植物起源古老,物种分化水平较高,优势科属明显、物种丰富、组成多样,是蕨类植物物种多样性的典型代表地区之一。(2)该地区稀子蕨属、荚果蕨属、黔蕨属和骨牌蕨属种类齐全、分布广泛,是这些属的分化和分布中心。(3)该地区蕨类植物生活类型齐全,以土生为主(占81.36%)。(4)恩施地区在中国蕨类植物地理区系中占有重要地位,该地区蕨类植物科属以泛热带区系成分相对较多,总体偏热带区系成分;物种以温带亚洲、东亚和中国特有分布型为主(占60.79%),具有显著的亚热带性质。(5)恩施蕨类植物区系与其他地区联系广泛,过渡性比较明显,尤其与四川地区联系紧密。
Pteridophytes are an important herb layer in forest vegetation and have great impact on the growth and development of forests.Based on specimen collection and field investigation,the floristic composition and characteristics of pteridophytes were studied in the Enshi area,Hubei Province,China.Results showed that:(1) There are 380 species belonging to 39 families and 96 genera of ferns in the Enshi region,including 106 endemic species to China.The fern plants in this area have ancient origins,high species differentiation and diversity,obvious dominant families and genera,and high species richness.Thus,this is a typical area of pteridophyte diversity.(2) The genera Monachosorum,Matteuccia,Phanerophlebiopsis,and Lepidogrammitis are widely distributed,with the Enshi area being the center of differentiation and distribution of these genera.(3) The pteridophyte life forms inthe area are mainly soil growing type,which accounting for 81.36%.(4) The Enshi area plays an important role in the geographical flora of Chinese ferns.The pteridophytes in the area are predominantly tropical flora with pantropic distribution of families and genera.The dominant species are temperate Asia,East Asia,and China distribution type,with 60.79% exhibiting obvious subtropical characteristics.(5) The pteridophyte flora in Enshi is widely linked and transitional in nature and is especially close to the flora of Sichuan.
Pteridophytes are an important herb layer in forest vegetation and have great impact on the growth and development of forests.Based on specimen collection and field investigation,the floristic composition and characteristics of pteridophytes were studied in the Enshi area,Hubei Province,China.Results showed that:(1) There are 380 species belonging to 39 families and 96 genera of ferns in the Enshi region,including 106 endemic species to China.The fern plants in this area have ancient origins,high species differentiation and diversity,obvious dominant families and genera,and high species richness.Thus,this is a typical area of pteridophyte diversity.(2) The genera Monachosorum,Matteuccia,Phanerophlebiopsis,and Lepidogrammitis are widely distributed,with the Enshi area being the center of differentiation and distribution of these genera.(3) The pteridophyte life forms inthe area are mainly soil growing type,which accounting for 81.36%.(4) The Enshi area plays an important role in the geographical flora of Chinese ferns.The pteridophytes in the area are predominantly tropical flora with pantropic distribution of families and genera.The dominant species are temperate Asia,East Asia,and China distribution type,with 60.79% exhibiting obvious subtropical characteristics.(5) The pteridophyte flora in Enshi is widely linked and transitional in nature and is especially close to the flora of Sichuan.
引文
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[15]周厚高,黎桦,周琼,谢义林.广西蕨类植物区系的基本特征[J].广西植物,2004,(4):311-316.Zhou HG,Li H,Zhou Q,Xie YL.Study on pteridophyte flora of Guangxi,China[J].Guihaia,2004,(4):311-316.
[16]朱圣潮.浙江蕨类植物的数量统计分析[J].福建林学院学报,2003,23(1):39-43.Zhu SC.Quantitative staistics analysis of pteridophyta in Zhejiang[J].Journal of Fujian College of Forestry,2003,23(1):39-43.
[17]李琦,张健.四川省蕨类植物资源的分布及其开发利用前景[J].安徽农业科学,2006,34(2):289-293.Li Q,Zhang J.Distribution and utilization of pteridophyta resources in Sichuan province[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2006,34(2):289-293.
[18]傅立国,洪涛,林祁.中国高等植物[M].青岛:青岛出版社,2008.
[19]黄升,吕世安,洪建峰,陈绍林,丁洪波.湖北星斗山国家级自然保护区种子植物区系研究[J].植物科学学报,2016,34(5):691-692.Huang S,LüSA,Hong JF,Chen SL,Ding HB.Study on the floristics of seed plants in Xingdoushan Nature Reserve,Hubei[J].Plant Science Journal,2016,34(5):691-692.
[2]中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会.中国植物志:1~6卷[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[3]吴兆洪,秦仁昌.中国蕨类植物科属志[M].北京:科学出版社,1991.
[4]郑重.绿色之音[M].香港:香港天马出版有限公司,2006.
[5]Smith AR,Pryer KM,Schuttpelz E,Korall P,Schneider H.Wolf PG.A classification for extant ferns[J].Taxon,2006,55(3):705-731.
[6]刘红梅,王丽,张宪春,曾辉.石松类和蕨类植物研究进展:兼论国产类群的科级分类系统[J].植物分类学报,2008,46(6):808-829.Liu HM,Wang L,Zhang XC,Zeng H.Advances in the studies of lycophytes and monilophytes with reference to systematic arrangement of families distributed in China[J].Journal of Systematics and Evolution,2008,46(6):808-829.
[7]Christenhuusz MJ,Zhang XC,Schneider H.A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns[J].Phytotaxa,2011,19:7-54.
[8]张宪春.中国石松类和蕨类植物[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2012.
[9]张宪春,卫然,刘红梅,何丽娟,王丽,张钢民.中国现代石松类和蕨类的系统发育与分类系统[J].植物学报,2013,48(2):119-137.Zhang XC,Wei R,Liu HM,He LJ,Wang L,Zhang GM.Phylogeny and classification of the extant lycophytes and ferns from China[J].Chinese Bulletin of Botany,2013,48(2):119-137.
[10]PPG I.A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns[J].J Syst Evol,2016,54:563-603.
[11]陆树刚.蕨类植物学概论[M].北京:科学出版社,2017.
[12]艾训儒,黄升.恩施植物志:第1卷[M].北京:科学出版社,2015.
[13]秦仁昌,武素功.西藏蕨类植物区系的特点及其与喜马拉雅隆升的关系[J].云南植物研究,1980,2(4):289-382.Qing RC,Wu SK.The floristic characteristics of the Xizang(Tibet)pteridophyte flora in relation to the upheaval of the Himalayas[J].Acta Botanica Yunnanica,1980,2(4):289-382.
[14]葛源,于明,刘全儒.北京地区蕨类植物区系分析[J].西北植物学报,2006,26(8):1657-1662.Ge Y,Yu M,Liu QR.Pteridophyte flora in the area under the jurisdiction of Beijing[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2006,26(8):1657-1662.
[15]周厚高,黎桦,周琼,谢义林.广西蕨类植物区系的基本特征[J].广西植物,2004,(4):311-316.Zhou HG,Li H,Zhou Q,Xie YL.Study on pteridophyte flora of Guangxi,China[J].Guihaia,2004,(4):311-316.
[16]朱圣潮.浙江蕨类植物的数量统计分析[J].福建林学院学报,2003,23(1):39-43.Zhu SC.Quantitative staistics analysis of pteridophyta in Zhejiang[J].Journal of Fujian College of Forestry,2003,23(1):39-43.
[17]李琦,张健.四川省蕨类植物资源的分布及其开发利用前景[J].安徽农业科学,2006,34(2):289-293.Li Q,Zhang J.Distribution and utilization of pteridophyta resources in Sichuan province[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2006,34(2):289-293.
[18]傅立国,洪涛,林祁.中国高等植物[M].青岛:青岛出版社,2008.
[19]黄升,吕世安,洪建峰,陈绍林,丁洪波.湖北星斗山国家级自然保护区种子植物区系研究[J].植物科学学报,2016,34(5):691-692.Huang S,LüSA,Hong JF,Chen SL,Ding HB.Study on the floristics of seed plants in Xingdoushan Nature Reserve,Hubei[J].Plant Science Journal,2016,34(5):691-692.