黑稻品种洋黑3号农艺性状及花青苷色素积累规律研究
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摘要
花青苷色素是黑稻种皮和颖壳呈色的主要物质,属植物多酚类化合物,具有抗氧化、改善微循环、改善视敏锐等多种作用。以洋县黑米名特作物研究所提供的黑稻品种洋黑3号为材料,研究了有效积温、海拔、播种时间等环境因子对黑稻颖果发育过程中花色苷积累规律以及温度、海拔等外界环境因素对黑米产量、花色苷的影响。结果显示,花色苷在颖果果皮沉积具有时序性,黑稻花色苷积累是在乳熟期和蜡熟期,抽穗后2～4周是主要积累时段;气温过高不利于颖果着色,适度低温能延长颖果的着色时间;选择合适的播种期,使稻株的颖果生长期处于光照较强、平均气温在21℃～23℃、昼夜温差大的秋季,有利于产量增加和花色苷含量提升。洋黑3号适宜在海拔800 m以下的区域生长,海拔700 m以下的区域最佳。平川及海拔500 m以下地区种植,选择在4月中旬播种;海拔500～600 m种植区,选择在4月上旬后期播种;海拔600～700 m种植区,选择在4月上旬前期播种。
Black rice anthocyanin pigment is the main substance of black rice seed coat and glume coloration. It is a plant polyphenol compound and has many physiological activities such as antioxidation, improvement of microcirculation, and improvement of visual acuity. In this study, Yanghei 3 was used as material to study the effects of environmental factors such as effective accumulated tem-perature, altitude and sowing time on anthocyanin production during the development of caryopsis in black rice, and the effects of external environmental factors such as temperature and altitude on the yield and anthocyanin production of black rice. The results showed that, anthocyanins had a time-lapse in the carob peel deposition, and the black rice anthocyanin accumulation was in the milk ripening stage and the wax ripening stage, and the main accumulation time was 2～4 weeks after heading; the high air temperature is not conducive to the coloration of caryopsis, moderate temperature can prolong the coloring time of caryopsis, select the appropriate sowing time, make the caryopsis growth period of rice plants in strong light, the average temperature is 21°C～23°C, the large temperature difference in the fall between day and night would increase the yield and the content of anthocyanins; Yanghei 3 is suitable for growing in the area below 800 m altitude, the most suitable area is the area below 700 m altitude. In the plain region with altitude below 500 m, the suitable time for seeding of black rice variety is in the middle of April, the suitable time for seeding is in the late first ten-days period of April in 500～600 m altitude area and the suitable time for seeding is in the early April in the 600～700 m altitude area.
Black rice anthocyanin pigment is the main substance of black rice seed coat and glume coloration. It is a plant polyphenol compound and has many physiological activities such as antioxidation, improvement of microcirculation, and improvement of visual acuity. In this study, Yanghei 3 was used as material to study the effects of environmental factors such as effective accumulated tem-perature, altitude and sowing time on anthocyanin production during the development of caryopsis in black rice, and the effects of external environmental factors such as temperature and altitude on the yield and anthocyanin production of black rice. The results showed that, anthocyanins had a time-lapse in the carob peel deposition, and the black rice anthocyanin accumulation was in the milk ripening stage and the wax ripening stage, and the main accumulation time was 2～4 weeks after heading; the high air temperature is not conducive to the coloration of caryopsis, moderate temperature can prolong the coloring time of caryopsis, select the appropriate sowing time, make the caryopsis growth period of rice plants in strong light, the average temperature is 21°C～23°C, the large temperature difference in the fall between day and night would increase the yield and the content of anthocyanins; Yanghei 3 is suitable for growing in the area below 800 m altitude, the most suitable area is the area below 700 m altitude. In the plain region with altitude below 500 m, the suitable time for seeding of black rice variety is in the middle of April, the suitable time for seeding is in the late first ten-days period of April in 500～600 m altitude area and the suitable time for seeding is in the early April in the 600～700 m altitude area.
引文
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[10]张杨,谢笔钧,孙智达.蓝莓酒渣、果、酒中花色苷成分鉴定及酒渣与果中花色苷抗氧化活性比较[J].食品科学,2016,37(2):165-171.
[11] CHAUDHARY B, MUKHOPADHYAY K. Solvent optimization for anthocyanin extraction from Syzygium cumini L. Skeels using response surface methodology[J]. Int J Food Sci Nutr, 2013, 64(3):363-371.
[12] KHAZAEI K M, JAFARI S M, GHORAANI M, et al. Optimization of anthocyanin extraction from saffron petals with response surface methodology[J]. Food Anal Methods, 2015, 9(7):1-9.
[13]柳敏,王忠,顾蕴洁.有色稻颖果的发育和色素沉积[J].食品科学,2016,37(2):165-171.
[2]李莉蓉,张名位,刘邻渭,等.三种黑色粮油作物种皮花色苷提取物抗氧化能力的稳定性比较[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(9):2045-2 052.
[3]倪勤学,霍艳荣,陆国权.花色苷保健功能的研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(35):20 025-20 028.
[4]胡艳,郭红辉,王庆,等.黑米花色苷提取物对高脂膳食诱导大鼠肥胖形成的影响[J].食品科学,2008,29(2):376-379.
[5]杨文雄,高彦祥.响应面法及其在食品工业中的应用[J].中国食品添加剂,2005(2):68-71.
[6]张赛男,陈毅勇,宗俊,等.响应面法优化微波提取玫瑰茄花色苷工艺研究[J].粮油食品科技,2015,23(6):57-61.
[7]盛玮,高翔,薛建平,等.黑糯玉米色素清除亚硝酸盐及阻断亚硝胺合成的研究[J].食品科学,2013(17):92-95.
[8]徐渊金,杜琪珍.花色苷生物活性的研究进展[J].食品与机械,2006,22(6):154-157.
[9]蒋海伟,杨婷婷,李佳桥.响应面法优化红米花色苷微波辅助提取工艺及其抗氧化活性研究[J].中国食品学报,2015(5):74-81.
[10]张杨,谢笔钧,孙智达.蓝莓酒渣、果、酒中花色苷成分鉴定及酒渣与果中花色苷抗氧化活性比较[J].食品科学,2016,37(2):165-171.
[11] CHAUDHARY B, MUKHOPADHYAY K. Solvent optimization for anthocyanin extraction from Syzygium cumini L. Skeels using response surface methodology[J]. Int J Food Sci Nutr, 2013, 64(3):363-371.
[12] KHAZAEI K M, JAFARI S M, GHORAANI M, et al. Optimization of anthocyanin extraction from saffron petals with response surface methodology[J]. Food Anal Methods, 2015, 9(7):1-9.
[13]柳敏,王忠,顾蕴洁.有色稻颖果的发育和色素沉积[J].食品科学,2016,37(2):165-171.