一种基于霍尔效应的扭矩传感器研究
|
摘要
设计了一种基于霍尔效应的非接触式扭矩传感器。将极性相反的瓦型永磁体交替排列在径向圆盘基体上形成磁环,以此为激励源产生交变磁场。传感器工作过程中轴两端磁环随着轴的旋转产生周期性变化磁场,由霍尔元件在交变磁场中的霍尔效应输出两路具有相位差的周期性电压信号,通过计算两路电压信号之间的相位差可得到轴两端相对扭转角大小,从而确定扭矩值,并由此建立了轴端负载扭矩与霍尔电压之间的对应关系。利用Ansoft Maxwell软件对扭矩传感器工作过程进行仿真,通过仿真得到传感器的测量精度与磁环永磁体尺寸相关的结论。讨论了不同气隙距离处磁感应强度的变化规律,得到霍尔元件较好的工作位置是距永磁体表面0.5～0.7mm处。
A non-contact torque sensor based on Hall effect is designed. The tile-type permanent magnets of opposite polarities are arranged in parallel on the radial disk substrate to form a magnetic ring,and thereby to generate an alternating magnetic field for the excitation source. During the working process of the sensor, the magnetic ring at both ends of the shaft generates a periodically changing magnetic field with the rotation of the shaft. The Hall effect of the Hall element in the alternating magnetic field outputs two periodic voltage signals with phase difference. By calculating the phase difference between the two voltage signals, it obtains the relative torsion angles of the two ends of the shaft and determines the current torque value. This establishes the correspondence between the shaft end load torque and the Hall voltage. It simulates working process of the torque sensor in Ansoft Maxwell software, shows that the measurement accuracy of the sensor is related to the size of the magnetic ring permanent magnet. It analyzes the variation law of magnetic induction intensity at different air gap distances. The better working position of the Hall element is 0.5～0.7 mm from the surface of the permanent magnet.
A non-contact torque sensor based on Hall effect is designed. The tile-type permanent magnets of opposite polarities are arranged in parallel on the radial disk substrate to form a magnetic ring,and thereby to generate an alternating magnetic field for the excitation source. During the working process of the sensor, the magnetic ring at both ends of the shaft generates a periodically changing magnetic field with the rotation of the shaft. The Hall effect of the Hall element in the alternating magnetic field outputs two periodic voltage signals with phase difference. By calculating the phase difference between the two voltage signals, it obtains the relative torsion angles of the two ends of the shaft and determines the current torque value. This establishes the correspondence between the shaft end load torque and the Hall voltage. It simulates working process of the torque sensor in Ansoft Maxwell software, shows that the measurement accuracy of the sensor is related to the size of the magnetic ring permanent magnet. It analyzes the variation law of magnetic induction intensity at different air gap distances. The better working position of the Hall element is 0.5～0.7 mm from the surface of the permanent magnet.
引文
[1] 王明元.航天飞轮瞬变扭矩测量仪标定方法[C]//天空海一体化水下组合导航会议论文集.北京:中国惯性技术学会,2017:225-230.
[2] 郑长远.结肠镜力/扭矩传感器应用系统的优化研究[D].上海:华东理工大学,2018.
[3] 孙召红.井底钻压扭传感系统及标定装置设计研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学,2010.
[4] 徐继辉.应用于船舶传动轴扭矩检测的声表面波传感器设计[D].上海:上海交通大学,2013.
[5] 宫海彬,苏建,王兴宇,等.基于极值外推的高速列车齿轮传动装置载荷谱编制[J].吉林大学学报(工学版),2014,44(5):1264-1269.
[6] 李凯,袁峰,胡英辉.电动舵机减速器扭矩测量误差分析与补偿[J].仪器仪表学报,2013,34(10):2271-2278.
[7] 柴继新,王恩锋,范小燕,等.几种常见的电阻应变式旋转扭矩传感器[J].计测技术,2010,30(2):34-36.
[8] 罗胜彬.磁电式扭矩传感器的研究[D].成都:西华大学,2015.
[9] 孙聪.声表面波扭矩传感系统的设计与实现[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2017.
[10] SHI Yu,ZHANG Huaiwu,JIANG Xiangdong,et al.Design of output voltage waveform on magnetic encoder[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2004,282:317-320.
[11] WU Zhiyi,ZHANG Zhun,PENG Donglin,et al.Sensing mechanism of a rotary magnetic encoder based on time grating[J].IEEE Sensors Journal,2018,18(9):3677-3683.
[12] 逄金鑫,潘海林,张清,等.基于转角差法的扭矩传感器设计[J].仪表技术与传感器,2015(10):13-15.
[13] 潘新安,王洪光,姜勇.一种机器人谐波减速器内嵌扭矩传感器的研制[J].仪器仪表学报,2014,35(1):154-161.
[14] 赵浩.一种基于霍尔效应的扭矩传感器[J].传感技术学报,2016,29(10):1505-1508.
[15] 余成波,张莲,陈学军,等.基于螺管形差动变压器的非接触式扭矩传感器的研究[J].传感技术学报,2006,19(3):713-715.
[16] 吴永烽.基于环形球栅的扭矩测量原理与方法研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2012.
[17] 贾起民,郑永玲,陈暨耀.电磁学[M].3版.北京:高等教育出版社,2012.
[18] 郭彦青.类磁栅液压缸集成位移传感器关键技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2016.
[2] 郑长远.结肠镜力/扭矩传感器应用系统的优化研究[D].上海:华东理工大学,2018.
[3] 孙召红.井底钻压扭传感系统及标定装置设计研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学,2010.
[4] 徐继辉.应用于船舶传动轴扭矩检测的声表面波传感器设计[D].上海:上海交通大学,2013.
[5] 宫海彬,苏建,王兴宇,等.基于极值外推的高速列车齿轮传动装置载荷谱编制[J].吉林大学学报(工学版),2014,44(5):1264-1269.
[6] 李凯,袁峰,胡英辉.电动舵机减速器扭矩测量误差分析与补偿[J].仪器仪表学报,2013,34(10):2271-2278.
[7] 柴继新,王恩锋,范小燕,等.几种常见的电阻应变式旋转扭矩传感器[J].计测技术,2010,30(2):34-36.
[8] 罗胜彬.磁电式扭矩传感器的研究[D].成都:西华大学,2015.
[9] 孙聪.声表面波扭矩传感系统的设计与实现[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2017.
[10] SHI Yu,ZHANG Huaiwu,JIANG Xiangdong,et al.Design of output voltage waveform on magnetic encoder[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2004,282:317-320.
[11] WU Zhiyi,ZHANG Zhun,PENG Donglin,et al.Sensing mechanism of a rotary magnetic encoder based on time grating[J].IEEE Sensors Journal,2018,18(9):3677-3683.
[12] 逄金鑫,潘海林,张清,等.基于转角差法的扭矩传感器设计[J].仪表技术与传感器,2015(10):13-15.
[13] 潘新安,王洪光,姜勇.一种机器人谐波减速器内嵌扭矩传感器的研制[J].仪器仪表学报,2014,35(1):154-161.
[14] 赵浩.一种基于霍尔效应的扭矩传感器[J].传感技术学报,2016,29(10):1505-1508.
[15] 余成波,张莲,陈学军,等.基于螺管形差动变压器的非接触式扭矩传感器的研究[J].传感技术学报,2006,19(3):713-715.
[16] 吴永烽.基于环形球栅的扭矩测量原理与方法研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2012.
[17] 贾起民,郑永玲,陈暨耀.电磁学[M].3版.北京:高等教育出版社,2012.
[18] 郭彦青.类磁栅液压缸集成位移传感器关键技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2016.