珠海市不同类型乡村人居林的树种构成特征研究
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摘要
文章以珠海市10个典型乡村为对象,调查研究了庭院林、道路林、风水林和公共游憩林4种类型乡村人居林的树种构成特征,对比分析了古村和新村人居林景观差异。结果表明:1)庭院林树种主要以龙眼、黄皮、荔枝、杨桃、菠萝蜜、柚、番荔枝等果树为主,在新村的庭院中也出现三角梅、侧柏、罗汉松、米兰、桂花和鸡蛋花等观赏树种; 2)道路林以榕树、龙眼、香蕉、荔枝、黄皮、枇杷、鸡蛋花和木棉等为主,其中榕树和龙眼数量最多; 3)风水林优势树种以相思、桉树、榕树、竹、龙眼、荔枝等果树和用材树种居多,古村风水林保存比较完整,而新村风水林有逐渐缺失的趋势; 4)公共游憩林以观赏性和遮荫性较好的树木为主,主要有榕树、朴树、香樟、木棉和菩提树等,其中榕树最多。整体上古村与新村的林木景观风貌都是以乡土植物为主,但新村的树种增加了观赏树种,在栽植方式上趋向于城市绿化风格。
As an indispensable part of the rural landscape,rural residential treescape plays a significant role in improving the rural environment and creating the rural landscape. This paper took 10 typical villages in Zhuhai City as the study objects to investigate the tree species composition characteristics of 4 types of rural residential treescape,including courtyard forest,roadside forest,Fengshui forest and public recreational forest,and compare and analyze the differences of residential treescapes between ancient and modern villages. The results showed that: 1) the courtyard forest mainly consisted of fruit trees,eg. Dimocarpus longan,Clausena lansium,Litchi chinensis,Averrhoa carambola, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Citrus maxima, Annona squamosa, etc. Ornamental plants such as Bougainvillea glabra, Platycladus orientalis, Podocarpus macrophyllus, Aglaia odorata, Osmanthus fragrans,Plumeria rubra,etc. were found in the courtyard of the new villages; 2) the roadside forest was dominated by Ficus microcarpa,Dimocarpus longan,Musa nana,L. chinensis,C. lansium,Eriobotrya japonica,P. rubra and Bombax malabaricum,etc.,while F. microcarpa and D. longan had the largest amount; 3) In Fengshui forest,the dominant species were fruit species and timber species,eg. Acacia confusa,Eucalyptus robusta,F. microcarpa,Dendrocalamopsis oldhami,D. longan,and L. chinensis. Fengshui plants were preserved well in the ancient village,while gradually lost in the modern villages; and 4) the public recreational forest were dominated by the ornamental and shading species,including F. microcarpa,Celtis sinensis,Cinnamomum camphora,B. malabaricum and F.religiosa, etc.,among which F. microcarpa was the most common species. In general,the rural treescape of the ancient and modern villages was dominated by native plants. However,the tree species tend to be ornamental and the planting mode to be urbanized in the modern villages.
As an indispensable part of the rural landscape,rural residential treescape plays a significant role in improving the rural environment and creating the rural landscape. This paper took 10 typical villages in Zhuhai City as the study objects to investigate the tree species composition characteristics of 4 types of rural residential treescape,including courtyard forest,roadside forest,Fengshui forest and public recreational forest,and compare and analyze the differences of residential treescapes between ancient and modern villages. The results showed that: 1) the courtyard forest mainly consisted of fruit trees,eg. Dimocarpus longan,Clausena lansium,Litchi chinensis,Averrhoa carambola, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Citrus maxima, Annona squamosa, etc. Ornamental plants such as Bougainvillea glabra, Platycladus orientalis, Podocarpus macrophyllus, Aglaia odorata, Osmanthus fragrans,Plumeria rubra,etc. were found in the courtyard of the new villages; 2) the roadside forest was dominated by Ficus microcarpa,Dimocarpus longan,Musa nana,L. chinensis,C. lansium,Eriobotrya japonica,P. rubra and Bombax malabaricum,etc.,while F. microcarpa and D. longan had the largest amount; 3) In Fengshui forest,the dominant species were fruit species and timber species,eg. Acacia confusa,Eucalyptus robusta,F. microcarpa,Dendrocalamopsis oldhami,D. longan,and L. chinensis. Fengshui plants were preserved well in the ancient village,while gradually lost in the modern villages; and 4) the public recreational forest were dominated by the ornamental and shading species,including F. microcarpa,Celtis sinensis,Cinnamomum camphora,B. malabaricum and F.religiosa, etc.,among which F. microcarpa was the most common species. In general,the rural treescape of the ancient and modern villages was dominated by native plants. However,the tree species tend to be ornamental and the planting mode to be urbanized in the modern villages.
引文
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[13]祝功武.整理村落与“风水林”建设绿色新农村[J].中国城市林业,2007,5(6):53-55.
[2]唐赛男,王成,孙睿霖,等.珠海市传统乡村生态景观及其乡愁文化演变[J].中国城市林业,2016,14(1):51-59.
[3]梁冰晶,王成,孙睿霖,等.珠海市古村与新村的人居林风貌特征研究[J].中国城市林业,2018,16(5):17-20.
[4]邱尔发,董建文,许飞.乡村人居林[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2013.
[5]许飞,邱尔发,王成,等.福建省乡村庭院林结构特征研究[J].林业科学研究,2012(4):477-485.
[6]GILMAN R.The eco-village challenge[J].Living Together,1991,(2):10-11.
[7]SANGSTER M.Urban Fringe forestry in Great Britain[J].Journalof Arboriculture,1993,19(1):51-55.
[8]许飞,邱尔发,王成.国外乡村人居林发展与启示[J].世界林业研究,2009,22(5):66-70.
[9]张晋石.20世纪荷兰乡村景观发展概述[J].风景园林,2013(4):61-66.
[10]陆林,凌善金,焦华富,等.徽州古村落的景观特征及机理研究[J].地理科学,2004,24(6):660-665.
[11]刘沛林,董双双.中国古村落景观的空间意象研究[J].地理研究,1998(17):31-38.
[12]邱尔发,王成,贾宝全,等.我国新农村人居林建设[J].中国城市林业,2008,6(5):10-15.
[13]祝功武.整理村落与“风水林”建设绿色新农村[J].中国城市林业,2007,5(6):53-55.