江浙沪地区甜瓜品种果实性状遗传多样性分析
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摘要
【目的】分析江浙沪地区种植的65个甜瓜品种果实性状的遗传多样性,为甜瓜优质新品种的选育与推广提供参考依据。【方法】对江浙沪地区种植的65个甜瓜品种的5个质量性状和10个数量性状进行测定,并进行相关性分析、主成分分析及遗传多样性评价。【结果】甜瓜品种的单果鲜重、果实纵径、果形指数、果肉厚度、果腔纵径和可溶性固形物含量边心差等6个性状的变异系数较大,分别为52.33%、37.63%、51.80%、33.09%、42.84%和39.48%;15个性状的平均遗传多样性指数为1.64,其中果皮底色和果肉颜色两个质量性状与单果鲜重、果腔纵径、果腔横径、果肉厚度、果实纵径、果实横径、边缘可溶性固形物含量、中心可溶性固形物含量及可溶性固形物含量边心差等9个数量性状的遗传多样性指数均大于1.50,表明65个甜瓜品种果实性状上具有丰富的遗传多样性。相关性分析结果表明,甜瓜品种果实多个性状间呈极显著相关(P<0.01)。利用主成分分析可将所有品种划分为厚皮甜瓜和薄皮甜瓜两个类型,其中,薄皮甜瓜遗传多样性水平较高,厚皮甜瓜遗传多样性水平偏低。【结论】江浙沪地区种植的甜瓜品种果实性状遗传差异明显,其中厚皮甜瓜品种的遗传基础较狭窄,需引进新的种质资源拓宽其遗传基础。
【Objective】The genetic diversity of melon varieties planted in Jiangsu,Zhejiang and Shanghai was analyzed in order to provide reference for new melon variety breeding,planting and promotion.【Method】Five qualitative characters and ten quantitative characters of sixty-five melon varieties in Jiangsu,Zhejiang and Shanghai were investigated and measured,and correlation analysis,principal component analysis and genetic diversity analysis were conducted.【Result】The results showed that the variation coefficients of six characters(fresh weight of single fruit,fruit longitudinal diameter,fruit shape index,flesh thickness,longitudinal diameter of fruit cavity and difference of total soluble solid content between center and side)were 52.33%,37.63%,51.80%,33.09%,42.84% and 39.48% respectively. The average genetic diversity index of 15 fruit characters was 1.64. Among them,two qualitative characters(ground color of fruit skin and flesh color)and nine quantitative characters(fresh weight of single fruit,longitudinal diameter of fruit cavity,transverse diameter of fruit cavity,flesh thickness,fruit longitudinal diameter,fruit transverse diameter,edge soluble solid content,central soluble solid content,difference of soluble solid content between center and edge)had genetic diversity indexes over 1.50. It indicated that the 65 melon varieties had abundant genetic diversity. Correlation analysis showed that correlations among multiple characters of melon fruit reached extremely significant level(P<0.01). The principal component analysis divided all the varieties into two types,which were thick-skin melon and thin-skin melon. Compared with the thin-skin melon types,the genetic diversity between the thick-skin melon varieties was smaller.【Conclusion】There are obvious differences in fruit characters heredity of melon varieties planted in Jiangsu,Zhejiang and Shanghai areas,among which the genetic basis of thick-skin melon varieties is narrow,and new germplasm resources should be introduced to broaden the genetic basis.
【Objective】The genetic diversity of melon varieties planted in Jiangsu,Zhejiang and Shanghai was analyzed in order to provide reference for new melon variety breeding,planting and promotion.【Method】Five qualitative characters and ten quantitative characters of sixty-five melon varieties in Jiangsu,Zhejiang and Shanghai were investigated and measured,and correlation analysis,principal component analysis and genetic diversity analysis were conducted.【Result】The results showed that the variation coefficients of six characters(fresh weight of single fruit,fruit longitudinal diameter,fruit shape index,flesh thickness,longitudinal diameter of fruit cavity and difference of total soluble solid content between center and side)were 52.33%,37.63%,51.80%,33.09%,42.84% and 39.48% respectively. The average genetic diversity index of 15 fruit characters was 1.64. Among them,two qualitative characters(ground color of fruit skin and flesh color)and nine quantitative characters(fresh weight of single fruit,longitudinal diameter of fruit cavity,transverse diameter of fruit cavity,flesh thickness,fruit longitudinal diameter,fruit transverse diameter,edge soluble solid content,central soluble solid content,difference of soluble solid content between center and edge)had genetic diversity indexes over 1.50. It indicated that the 65 melon varieties had abundant genetic diversity. Correlation analysis showed that correlations among multiple characters of melon fruit reached extremely significant level(P<0.01). The principal component analysis divided all the varieties into two types,which were thick-skin melon and thin-skin melon. Compared with the thin-skin melon types,the genetic diversity between the thick-skin melon varieties was smaller.【Conclusion】There are obvious differences in fruit characters heredity of melon varieties planted in Jiangsu,Zhejiang and Shanghai areas,among which the genetic basis of thick-skin melon varieties is narrow,and new germplasm resources should be introduced to broaden the genetic basis.
引文
陈莹,王利波,惠长敏,张广臣,张金鹏,永卓.2015.吉林省薄皮甜瓜主要品种农艺性状的聚类分析[J].黑龙江农业科学,(11):83-87.[Chen Y,Wang L B,Hui C M,Zhang G C,Zhang J P,Yong Z.2015.Cluster analysis for main variety of oriental melon in Jilin Province[J].Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences,(11):83-87.]
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胡建斌,马双武,简在海,王吉明,李琼,苏艳.2013a.中国甜瓜种质资源形态性状遗传多样性分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,14(4):612-619.[Hu J B,Ma S W,Jian Z H,Wang J M,Li Q,Su Y.2013a.Analysis of genetic diversity of Chinese melon(Cucumis melo L.)germplasm resources based on morphological characters[J].Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,14(4):612-619.]
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胡建斌,马肖静,李琼.2010.薄皮甜瓜表型性状的主成分分析[J].江西农业学报,22(12):34-37.[Hu J B,Ma X J,Li Q.2010.Principal component analysis of phenotypic characters in thin-peel melon[J].Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi,22(12):34-37.]
栾非时,矫士琦,盛云燕,朱子成.2017.甜瓜果实相关性状QTL分析[J].东北农业大学学报,48(3):1-9.[Luan FS,Jiao S Q,Sheng Y Y,Zhu Z C.2017.Mapping of QTL for fruit traits in melon[J].Journal of Northeast A-gricultural University,48(3):1-9.]
马双武,刘君濮.2006.甜瓜种质资源描述规范和数据标准[M].北京:中国农业出版社.[Ma S W,Liu J P.2006.Descriptors and Data Standard for Melon(Cucumis melo L.)[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press.]
王吉明,尚建立,李娜,徐永阳,马双武.2017.引进国外的野生甜瓜种质资源果实形态多样性分析[J].果树学报,34(3):295-302.[Wang J M,Shang J L,Li N,Xu Y Y,Ma S W.2017.Genetic diversity analysis in imported wild melon(Cucumis melo L.)germplasm resources based on morphological characters[J].Journal of Fruit Science,34(3):295-302.]
王炜勇,俞少华,李鲁峰,张飞,沈晓岚,俞信英,潘钢敏,楼春燕.2013.浙江省薄皮甜瓜地方品种的表型遗传多样性[J].植物遗传资源学报,14(3):448-454.[Wang W Y,Yu S H,Li L F,Zhang F,Shen X L,Yu X Y,Pan G M,Lou C Y.2013.Phenotypic diversity analysis of Cucumis melo var.makuwa Landraces of Zhejiang Province[J].Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,14(3):448-454.]
文乐欣,周莉,刘翔,刘莉,佘建华.2011.甜瓜育种资源农艺性状的多变量分析[J].华北农学报,26(S):37-42.[Wen L X,Zhou L,Liu X,Liu L,She J H.2011.Multivariate analysis on bioagronomical traits of Cucumis melo L.germplasm[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-sinica,26(S):37-42.]
张慧君,宋运贤,余道亮,胡开莉,余静.2018.基于表型性状不同甜瓜品种的亲缘关系分析[J].上海农业学报,34(1):89-95.[Zhang H J,Song Y X,Yu D L,Hu K L,Yu J.2018.Phylogenetic relationship analysis of different melon varieties based on phenotypic traits[J].Acta Agriculturae Shanghai,34(1):89-95.]
张永兵,李寐华,吴海波,伊鸿平,吴明珠.2012.新疆甜瓜地方品种资源的表型遗传多样性[J].园艺学报,39(2):305-314.[Zhang Y B,Li M H,Wu H B,Yi H P,Wu MZ.2012.Genetic diversity of melon landraces(Cucumis melo L.)in Xinjiang based on phenotypic characters[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,39(2):305-314.]
中华人民共和国农业部.2017.中国农业统计资料2016[M].北京:中国农业出版社.[Ministry of Agriculture of The People’s Republic of China.2017.Chinese Agricultural Statistics 2016[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press.]
周慧文.2016.甜瓜果实性状表型分析及其CAPS标记的研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学.[Zhou H W.2016.The research of phenotype analysis and CAPS marker for fruit traits in melon[D].Harbin:Northeast Agricultural University.]
Alishtayeh M S,Jamous R M,Shtaya M J,Mallah O B,Eid IS,Abu Zaitoun S Y.2017.Morphological characterization of snake melon(Cucumis melo var.flexuosus)populations from Palestine[J].Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution,64(1):7-22.
Liu L,Kakihara F,Kato M.2004.Characterization of six varieties of Cucumis melo L.based on morphological and physiological characters,including shelf-life of fruit[J].Euphytica,135:305-313.
Lotti C,Marcotrigiano A R,De Giovanni C,Resta P,Ricciardi A,Zonno V,Fanizza G,Ricciardi L.2008.Univariate and multivariate analysis performed on bio-agronomical trait of Cucumis melo L.germplasm[J].Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution,55(4):511-522.
Pitrat M,Hanelt P,Hammer K.2000.Some comments on intraspecific classification of cultivars of melon[C]//The 7th EUCARPIA Meeting on Cucurbit Genetics and Breeding.Acta Horticulturae,510:29-36.doi:10.17660/ActaHortic.2000.510.4.
Stepansky A,Kovalski I,Perl-Treves R.1999.Intraspecific classification of melons(Cucumis melo L.)in view of their phenotypic and molecular variation[J].Plant Systematics and Evolution,217(3-4):313-332.
Szamosi C,Solmaz I,Sari N,Bársony C.2010.Morphological evaluation and comparison of Hungarian and Turkish melon(Cucumis melo L.)germplasm[J].Scientia Horticulturae,124(2):170-182.
侯艳.2017.甜瓜SNP-CAPS标记的开发与主要果实性状QTL分析[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学.[Hou Y.2017.Development of SNP-CAPS markers and QTL analysis of main fruit traits in melon[D].Harbin:Northeast Agricultural University.]
胡建斌,马双武,简在海,王吉明,李琼,苏艳.2013a.中国甜瓜种质资源形态性状遗传多样性分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,14(4):612-619.[Hu J B,Ma S W,Jian Z H,Wang J M,Li Q,Su Y.2013a.Analysis of genetic diversity of Chinese melon(Cucumis melo L.)germplasm resources based on morphological characters[J].Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,14(4):612-619.]
胡建斌,马双武,李建吾,王吉明,李琼,王林忠.2013b.国外甜瓜种质资源形态性状遗传多样性分析[J].植物学报,48(1):42-51.[Hu J B,Ma S W,Li J W,Wang J M,Li Q,Wang L Z.2013b.Genetic diversity of foreign melon(Cucumis melo)germplasm resources by morphological characters[J].Chinese Bulletin of Botany,48(1):42-51.]
胡建斌,马肖静,李琼.2010.薄皮甜瓜表型性状的主成分分析[J].江西农业学报,22(12):34-37.[Hu J B,Ma X J,Li Q.2010.Principal component analysis of phenotypic characters in thin-peel melon[J].Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi,22(12):34-37.]
栾非时,矫士琦,盛云燕,朱子成.2017.甜瓜果实相关性状QTL分析[J].东北农业大学学报,48(3):1-9.[Luan FS,Jiao S Q,Sheng Y Y,Zhu Z C.2017.Mapping of QTL for fruit traits in melon[J].Journal of Northeast A-gricultural University,48(3):1-9.]
马双武,刘君濮.2006.甜瓜种质资源描述规范和数据标准[M].北京:中国农业出版社.[Ma S W,Liu J P.2006.Descriptors and Data Standard for Melon(Cucumis melo L.)[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press.]
王吉明,尚建立,李娜,徐永阳,马双武.2017.引进国外的野生甜瓜种质资源果实形态多样性分析[J].果树学报,34(3):295-302.[Wang J M,Shang J L,Li N,Xu Y Y,Ma S W.2017.Genetic diversity analysis in imported wild melon(Cucumis melo L.)germplasm resources based on morphological characters[J].Journal of Fruit Science,34(3):295-302.]
王炜勇,俞少华,李鲁峰,张飞,沈晓岚,俞信英,潘钢敏,楼春燕.2013.浙江省薄皮甜瓜地方品种的表型遗传多样性[J].植物遗传资源学报,14(3):448-454.[Wang W Y,Yu S H,Li L F,Zhang F,Shen X L,Yu X Y,Pan G M,Lou C Y.2013.Phenotypic diversity analysis of Cucumis melo var.makuwa Landraces of Zhejiang Province[J].Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,14(3):448-454.]
文乐欣,周莉,刘翔,刘莉,佘建华.2011.甜瓜育种资源农艺性状的多变量分析[J].华北农学报,26(S):37-42.[Wen L X,Zhou L,Liu X,Liu L,She J H.2011.Multivariate analysis on bioagronomical traits of Cucumis melo L.germplasm[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-sinica,26(S):37-42.]
张慧君,宋运贤,余道亮,胡开莉,余静.2018.基于表型性状不同甜瓜品种的亲缘关系分析[J].上海农业学报,34(1):89-95.[Zhang H J,Song Y X,Yu D L,Hu K L,Yu J.2018.Phylogenetic relationship analysis of different melon varieties based on phenotypic traits[J].Acta Agriculturae Shanghai,34(1):89-95.]
张永兵,李寐华,吴海波,伊鸿平,吴明珠.2012.新疆甜瓜地方品种资源的表型遗传多样性[J].园艺学报,39(2):305-314.[Zhang Y B,Li M H,Wu H B,Yi H P,Wu MZ.2012.Genetic diversity of melon landraces(Cucumis melo L.)in Xinjiang based on phenotypic characters[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,39(2):305-314.]
中华人民共和国农业部.2017.中国农业统计资料2016[M].北京:中国农业出版社.[Ministry of Agriculture of The People’s Republic of China.2017.Chinese Agricultural Statistics 2016[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press.]
周慧文.2016.甜瓜果实性状表型分析及其CAPS标记的研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学.[Zhou H W.2016.The research of phenotype analysis and CAPS marker for fruit traits in melon[D].Harbin:Northeast Agricultural University.]
Alishtayeh M S,Jamous R M,Shtaya M J,Mallah O B,Eid IS,Abu Zaitoun S Y.2017.Morphological characterization of snake melon(Cucumis melo var.flexuosus)populations from Palestine[J].Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution,64(1):7-22.
Liu L,Kakihara F,Kato M.2004.Characterization of six varieties of Cucumis melo L.based on morphological and physiological characters,including shelf-life of fruit[J].Euphytica,135:305-313.
Lotti C,Marcotrigiano A R,De Giovanni C,Resta P,Ricciardi A,Zonno V,Fanizza G,Ricciardi L.2008.Univariate and multivariate analysis performed on bio-agronomical trait of Cucumis melo L.germplasm[J].Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution,55(4):511-522.
Pitrat M,Hanelt P,Hammer K.2000.Some comments on intraspecific classification of cultivars of melon[C]//The 7th EUCARPIA Meeting on Cucurbit Genetics and Breeding.Acta Horticulturae,510:29-36.doi:10.17660/ActaHortic.2000.510.4.
Stepansky A,Kovalski I,Perl-Treves R.1999.Intraspecific classification of melons(Cucumis melo L.)in view of their phenotypic and molecular variation[J].Plant Systematics and Evolution,217(3-4):313-332.
Szamosi C,Solmaz I,Sari N,Bársony C.2010.Morphological evaluation and comparison of Hungarian and Turkish melon(Cucumis melo L.)germplasm[J].Scientia Horticulturae,124(2):170-182.