三峡水库运行后洞庭湖洪涝灾害遥感研究
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摘要
利用洞庭湖区洪水位下的国产高分辨率影像和无人机航摄数据开展洞庭湖区洪涝灾害和堤垸溃缺监测,并结合20世纪90年代高洪水位下的遥感影像和洞庭湖区水文站点数据,分析了三峡水库运行后的湖泊蓄水、堤垸防洪情况。监测结果表明:(1)城陵矶水位达到三峡水库运行后的最高水位(34.47 m)时,洞庭湖的水域面积为2 245.26 km2,仍有435.03 km2的洲滩出露水面,主要分布在七里湖和目平湖,且大通湖水域面积与平水期水域面积变化不大,说明即便在高洪水位下,这3个湖泊的蓄洪能力也极为有限,七里湖和目平湖应作为未来清淤的重点;(2)国产卫星数据可满足洪涝灾害的宏观性应急监测需求,无人机技术是开展局部区域应急监测的有效手段;(3)遥感影像显示洞庭湖的堤垸基本无内涝淹没区域,与20世纪90年代高洪水位时的内涝灾情形成鲜明对比,说明洞庭湖的洪涝灾害防治工程成效显著。新华垸的溃决,也说明三峡水库的运行并不能从根本上解决洞庭湖的洪涝灾害隐患,洞庭湖区的防洪工作任重而道远。
In this paper, we used domestic high resolution images under flood level and UAV aerial photograph data to monitor the f lood disaster and dyke crevasse in Dongting Lake. Combining with the satellite images under high flood level of 1990's and hydrological water level data in Dongting Lake, we analyzed the lake water storage and dyke combating flood. The results show that(1)the water area is 2 245.26 km~2 when the water level is 34.47 m, which is the highest after the operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir. There is still 435.03 km~2 bottomland without flooded, and mainly located in the Muping Lake and Qili Lake. The water area of Datong Lake has little change compared to normal water level, so the three lakes, Qili, Muping, Datong, have extremely capacity for flood, although when the water level of the Dongting Lake is high flood level. The Qili Lake and Muping Lake are the key dredging target in future.(2)The domestic satellite data can meet the requirement of macro emergency monitoring for flood disaster, and the UAV technology is an effective measure to carry out the local area emergency monitoring.(3)From the remote sensing images, there are no waterlogging area in Dongting Lake, which is sharp contrast with the situation in 1990's during the high flood water level. The phenomenon shows the remarkable result of f lood prevention and control project. The crevasse of Xinhua Dyke illustrates that the operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir can't fundamentally solve the f lood hazard of Dongting Lake. The flood control work in Dongting Lake area has a long way to go.
In this paper, we used domestic high resolution images under flood level and UAV aerial photograph data to monitor the f lood disaster and dyke crevasse in Dongting Lake. Combining with the satellite images under high flood level of 1990's and hydrological water level data in Dongting Lake, we analyzed the lake water storage and dyke combating flood. The results show that(1)the water area is 2 245.26 km~2 when the water level is 34.47 m, which is the highest after the operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir. There is still 435.03 km~2 bottomland without flooded, and mainly located in the Muping Lake and Qili Lake. The water area of Datong Lake has little change compared to normal water level, so the three lakes, Qili, Muping, Datong, have extremely capacity for flood, although when the water level of the Dongting Lake is high flood level. The Qili Lake and Muping Lake are the key dredging target in future.(2)The domestic satellite data can meet the requirement of macro emergency monitoring for flood disaster, and the UAV technology is an effective measure to carry out the local area emergency monitoring.(3)From the remote sensing images, there are no waterlogging area in Dongting Lake, which is sharp contrast with the situation in 1990's during the high flood water level. The phenomenon shows the remarkable result of f lood prevention and control project. The crevasse of Xinhua Dyke illustrates that the operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir can't fundamentally solve the f lood hazard of Dongting Lake. The flood control work in Dongting Lake area has a long way to go.
引文
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[11]范一大,和海霞,李博,等.基于HJ-1CCD数据的洪涝灾害范围动态监测研究:以黑龙江省抚远县为例[J].遥感技术与应用, 2016(1):102-108
[12]邵佳丽,郑伟,刘诚.卫星遥感洞庭湖主汛期水体时空变化特征及影响因子分析[J].长江流域资源与环境, 2015(8):1 315-1 321
[13]刘亚岚,王世新,魏成阶,等.利用星载SAR快速监测评估我国的洪涝灾害[J].遥感信息, 2000(1):32-35
[14]聂娟,范一大,邓磊,等.山洪灾害雷达遥感灾情评估技术研究与应用[J].自然灾害学报, 2010(3):105-110
[15]李景刚,黄诗峰,李纪人.ENVISAT卫星先进合成孔径雷达数据水体提取研究:改进的最大类间方差阈值法[J].自然灾害学报, 2010(3):139-145
[2]廖强凤.洞庭湖水灾特点及其减防[J].湖南经济, 2001(4):46-48
[3]毛德华.洞庭湖区洪涝特征分析(1471~1996年)[J].湖泊科学,1998(2):85-91
[4]周成虎.洪涝灾害遥感监测研究[J].地理研究, 1993(2):63-68
[5]朱长忠.监测洪涝的新手段:遥感[J].水利天地, 1996(3):15
[6]陈子南.洪涝监测与灾情评估[J].地球信息, 1996(2):37
[7]李加林,曹罗丹,浦瑞良.洪涝灾害遥感监测评估研究综述[J].水利学报, 2014(3):253-260
[8]李斌.长江中游洪涝灾害的MODIS时序监测与分析[D].泰安:山东农业大学, 2010
[9]徐鹏杰,邓磊.遥感技术在减灾救灾中的应用[J].遥感技术与应用, 2011(4):512-519
[10]钟仕全,莫建飞,罗永明,等.基于GF-1遥感数据监测的岩溶洼地洪涝灾害特征分析[J].气象研究与应用, 2016(1):83-87
[11]范一大,和海霞,李博,等.基于HJ-1CCD数据的洪涝灾害范围动态监测研究:以黑龙江省抚远县为例[J].遥感技术与应用, 2016(1):102-108
[12]邵佳丽,郑伟,刘诚.卫星遥感洞庭湖主汛期水体时空变化特征及影响因子分析[J].长江流域资源与环境, 2015(8):1 315-1 321
[13]刘亚岚,王世新,魏成阶,等.利用星载SAR快速监测评估我国的洪涝灾害[J].遥感信息, 2000(1):32-35
[14]聂娟,范一大,邓磊,等.山洪灾害雷达遥感灾情评估技术研究与应用[J].自然灾害学报, 2010(3):105-110
[15]李景刚,黄诗峰,李纪人.ENVISAT卫星先进合成孔径雷达数据水体提取研究:改进的最大类间方差阈值法[J].自然灾害学报, 2010(3):139-145